Human Interest Research Articles

Potential Safety Issues and Moral Hazard Posed by Artificial General Intelligence

Abstract. Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology with a wide range of intelligence capabilities, has developed rapidly in recent years, bringing significant convenience and efficiency to society. However, most of the current artificial intelligence technologies belong to narrow artificial intelligence. Unlike Narrow AI, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) possesses a more comprehensive understanding and problem-solving capability. AGI can learn in an unsupervised manner. General artificial intelligence can not only stand out in specific fields. It can also make effective decisions to a certain extent and operate in a wide range of environments. However, rapid progress has also raised widespread concerns about its potential risks. Therefore, the development of artificial intelligence requires standardization, which is urgent to ensure that it can make decisions that benefit humanity. Based on existing literature and data results, this paper explores the security issues and moral risks that general artificial intelligence may bring to humans. The research results indicate that these risks include user privacy breaches, system security issues, and social ethical conflicts. Dealing with these risks requires the joint efforts of all practitioners. This includes developing AGI in an ethical manner and ensuring that AI does not engage in activities that violate human interests.

Dignity in Human Development Motivation

Trust is the foundation of life and is proven through practice. Trust in oneself and in each other is a valuable intangible asset of humanity, clearly demonstrated through material values such as money. True dignity must come from the comprehensive development of human beings. Otherwise, distorted standards such as dependence, possession and falsehood will appear, leading to human suffering. Economic relations come from basic human needs. Needs are the driving force for action. Therefore, true dignity must serve human existence and development. In addition, trust can be measured tangibly through material values, needs come from human nature and interests are the driving force for action. True dignity is closely linked to the needs of the community. Trust is demonstrated through practice, needs are necessary, the basis of interests, the driving force for development. Particularly painful is the belief in norms that are not based on human nature and no longer require dignity.

Framing of Flood News in The Borneo Post, a Regional Malaysian Newspaper

In recent years, climate change and unpredictable weather are causing more frequent severe floods in various areas, but little is understood about how regional newspapers shape public reactions to and preparations for natural disasters. This study investigated the framing of flood news by The Borneo Post, an English-language newspaper circulated in Sarawak, Malaysia. The specific aspects examined were: (a) frequency of thematic and episodic framing of flood events and (b) frame dimensions used in articles. Altogether 76 articles (25,676 words) on floods published by The Borneo Post from 1 January to 31 December 2023 were analysed. All articles were in the episodic frame. The main frame dimension was attribution of responsibility (79%), where authorities act as disseminators and narrators of disaster facts. However, the absence of thematic framing of floods lowers attribution of responsibility to authorities to plan long-term solutions to flooding. The economic consequences frame ranked second (14.5%), emphasising losses suffered. Little attention was given to human interest (3.9%) or conflict (1.3%). There was no morality frame, and 1.3% of articles were fact-filled and did not have an obvious frame dimension. The findings suggest that fact-focused flood reporting lacking the humanity element may not move readers to action.

Analyzing Public Discourse on the Affordable Care Act through YouTube Comments

Abstract Introduction Social media’s pervasive role in daily life provides a unique avenue for understanding public sentiments. This study utilizes YouTube comments on an MSNBC video about the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to explore public opinions on the policy and its political implications. Methods A qualitative analysis of YouTube comments on an MSNBC video was conducted. Netlytic, a scraping tool, gathered 1,949 comments. Thematic analysis, based on a coding framework derived from Semetko and Valkenburg’s frames, identified three predominant frames: Responsibility, Human Interest, and Economic Consequences. Results Of the 1949 comments posted in response to the ACA video on YouTube, 488 were analyzed. Three media frames were used to categorize the comments. Among the analyzed comments, 42% fell within the Responsibility Frame, indicating that 205 comments attributed responsibility for ACA-related issues, healthcare access, and costs to political parties, individual politicians, and government entities. The Human-Interest Frame accounted for 11% of the comments, with 53 remarks reflecting individual experiences related to healthcare access and costs. Additionally, 26% of the comments fell within the Economic Consequences Frame, signifying those 125 comments included remarks concerning the economic impacts of the ACA, such as increased healthcare access, taxes, and penalties. The remaining 21% of comments did not align with the three frames. Conclusions This study embarked on a comprehensive exploration of public discourse surrounding the Affordable Care Act (ACA) within the context of the 2024 presidential election, utilizing YouTube comments as a rich source of qualitative data. Through a meticulous methodological approach, which included thematic framing analysis and intercoder reliability assessments, valuable insights into the diverse perspectives and sentiments expressed by social media users regarding this critical healthcare legislation were gained. Key messages • Social media allows for real-time understanding of people’s thoughts, beliefs, opinions, and ideas, as well as serves as a useful tool that fosters broad, unfiltered data/content. • Researchers conducted a qualitative analysis of public discourse on YouTube to explore the range of sentiments regarding the ACA.

Conceptual model for assessing a science–policy–management framework for threat mitigation

AbstractFire regimes are changing globally, leading to an increased need for management interventions to protect human lives and interests, potentially conflicting with biodiversity conservation. We conceptualized 5 major aspects of the process required to address threats to flora and used this conceptual model to examine and identify areas for improvement. We focused on threat identification, policy design, and action implementation. We illustrated the application of the conceptual model through a case study in southeastern Australia, where policies have been designed to prevent hazard reduction burns from exposing threatened flora to high‐frequency fire (HFF). We examined whether threatened species have been accurately identified as threatened by HFF, species were accounted for in key policies, and implementation of the policy reduced the incidence of HFF for target species. Species were mostly identified accurately as being threatened by HFF, and, broadly, the policy effectively minimized the threat from HFF. However, 96 species did not have HFF identified as a threat, and another 36 were missing from the policy entirely. Outcomes regarding the reduction of threat from HFF since policy introduction were species specific, despite an average increase in fire interval of 2 years. Despite the policy, over half (55%) the species studied have been affected by HFF since the policy was introduced. Although relatively minor improvements could optimize threat identification and policy design, the mixed success of action implementation highlights limitations that warrant further investigation. Our conceptual model enabled us to make clear and targeted recommendations for how different aspects of the policy could be improved and where further work is needed. We propose the conceptual model can be useful in a variety of contexts.

Инициатива «Один пояс, один путь» и традиционные западные геополитические теории

This article examines the relationship between the “One Belt, One Road” initiative and three major traditional geopolitical theories: sea power – by A.T. Mahan, Heartland – by H. Mackinder and Rimland – by N. Spykman. The author notes that all of them are fundamentally different from the “One Belt, One Road” initiative and are differentiated in time and space. Arguing this statement, he considers the essence of all three concepts, which can be reduced to the achievement of hegemony in human society through military conquests, economic pressure or coercion to subjugation through other means. In this context, the concept of “One Belt, one Road” is presented as an antipode to Western strategies, since it is focused on abandoning national interests in favor of universal human interests and represents a plan for the integration development of all countries of the world on the terms of partnership with each other, excluding any dominance.

“Wait” to promote high sighting rates of wildlife in tourism: evidence from a wildlife disturbance experiment

ABSTRACT Ecotourism is often seen as beneficial for both people and nature, but unregulated wildlife tourism can harm wildlife. To improve management practices, we studied rabbit tourism involving Amami rabbits (Pentalagus furnessi) at a Natural World Heritage Site in Japan. The study aimed to determine the sighting rates of wildlife under different car schedules and density scenarios. Using wildlife disturbance experiments and model simulations, we estimated the recovery rate of rabbits after being disturbed by tourists. Our findings revealed that a 20-minute time lag between cars resulted in a 90% recovery rate for the rabbits. Additionally, a regular car schedule increased rabbit sighting rates by approximately 1.85 times compared to random schedules and 2.4 times compared to normal schedules under optimal conditions (maximum density and 50 cars). We also evaluated the profitability of tourism under different rabbit densities and money-back guarantee (MBG) rates. While introducing more cars increased profits, it decreased rabbit sighting rates and increased the likelihood of activating the MBG. In conclusion, our study showed that considering both animal behavior and human interests in developing a tourism management system can balance profitability and minimize the impact of overutilization.

Framing of the war in Ukraine: How the international press reacted to the outbreak of the conflict

Abstract This article examines how the fights in Ukraine were framed in U. S., French, Polish, and Russian media in the first month of the conflict. Using a modified version of Semetko and Valkenburg’s (2000) method, we found patterns in media portrayals of the events. An analysis of 400 articles showed that media in these countries used roughly the same frames. The most important differences concerned the war and human interest frames, clearly avoided by Russian media. The most profound differences stemmed from how the frames were utilized. Despite using the same frames, media in different countries were able to produce different images of events.

Firearms, families, and financial distress: Economic instability and increased gun desire

AbstractThe United States is a global leader in estimated rates of civilian gun ownership, and over the past few years—as the country grappled with a struggling economy exacerbated by a global pandemic—gun‐buying surged. We argue that the COVID‐19 pandemic's economic impact has implications for gun purchasing interest, and this intersects with gendered expectations about familial roles. Integrating sociological scholarship on gender and families with consumer behavior research, and using a preregistered online survey of over 8000 American adults collected in the early months of the pandemic's emergence in the United States (May 2020–June 2020), we hypothesize that men in familial roles may express greater gun interest in response to financial instability, and theorize why such a process may also be observed among women. Analyses show that men's gun interest is unaffected by family roles or financial distress. Women in family roles—mothers, in particular—who experience financial stress, however, are significantly more amenable toward guns than other women and express interest at levels approaching those of men. We discuss how such findings increase our understanding of the heterogeneity of gun owners.

A Survey of Joint Security-Safety for Function, Information and Human in Industry 5.0

Industry 5.0 blows the whistle on a new industrial revolution, aiming to refocus industrial development by reintegrating the human factor into the technological equation. On the eve of the revolution, the comprehensive surveys for Industry 5.0 would provide important support for future development. However, current surveys for Industry 5.0 are still in their infancy and some gaps remain. (i) Current work lacks a comprehensive technical architecture for Industry 5.0 and an in-depth analysis of the enabling technologies that will drive Industry 5.0; (ii) There is no comprehensive survey on security issues of Industry 5.0, which will directly hinder its development; (iii) As Industry 5.0 introduces people into the technological equation, then it will also further consider the broader human interests in its security equation. It is an open issue that traditional security classifications cannot summarize these new security threats in Industry 5.0. Therefore, this survey starts by reviewing the latest key enabling technologies and proposing an overall technology hierarchical structure for Industry 5.0. Second, we investigate the triad of security issues in Industry 5.0, which includes threats and countermeasures for functional safety, information security, and humanized security. Among them, we define the third security issue in Industry 5.0, humanized security, which includes safeguarding the broader interests and rights of individuals, machines, and society. Finally, we summarize future challenges and research trends. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive overview of security in Industry 5.0, in which humanized security is defined for the first time.

Unconventional Animal Species Participation in Animal-Assisted Interventions and Methods for Measuring Their Experienced Stress.

The participation of animals during complementary therapy for humans is a developing area. Dogs and horses are the most frequent partner species in animal-assisted services, but several unconventional species have also been involved, although there is a lack of information about the stress they experience caused by AAS. We conducted a comprehensive literature search, analyzing 135 articles with the purpose of investigating the effects of AAS on unconventional species such as guinea pigs, rabbits, farm animals, alpacas, donkeys, reptiles, aquarium fishes, and dolphins. We found that the relevant articles emphasize investigating the impact of animal-assisted interventions on humans, and they generally report positive outcomes. Limited data is available concerning the potential consequences the interventions may have on the animals. Therefore, it is our conclusion that more extensive studies should be conducted to get adequate information on stress experienced by animals during AAS, such as the measurement of biochemical parameters such as cortisol. Hence, meeting animal welfare considerations in addition to human interests could serve as a basis for the recommended methodology for therapies.

Genomic and phenotypic imprints of microbial domestication on cheese starter cultures

Domestication – the artificial selection of wild species to obtain variants with traits of human interest – was integral to the rise of complex societies. The oversupply of food was probably associated with the formalization of food preservation strategies through microbial fermentation. While considerable literature exists on the antiquity of fermented food, only few eukaryotic microbes have been studied so far for signs of domestication, less is known for bacteria. Here, we tested if cheese starter cultures harbour typical hallmarks of domestication by characterising over 100 community samples and over 100 individual strains isolated from historical and modern traditional Swiss cheese starter cultures. We find that cheese starter cultures have low genetic diversity both at the species and strain-level and maintained stable phenotypic traits. Molecular clock dating further suggests that the evolutionary origin of the bacteria approximately coincided with the first archaeological records of cheese making. Finally, we find evidence for ongoing genome decay and pseudogenization via transposon insertion related to a reduction of their niche breadth. Future work documenting the prevalence of these hallmarks across diverse fermented food systems and geographic regions will be key to unveiling the joint history of humanity with fermented food microbes.

보스의 <쾌락의 정원>과 르네상스 - 단테 『신곡』의 관련성을 중심으로

This study attempted to reconstruct the full historical meaning of this work, which is the coexistence of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, by examining the Renaissance characteristics shown in Hieronymus Bosch’s <The Garden of Earthly Delights> (1503-4) with a focus on its relationship with Dante’s Divine Comedy (1320). <The Garden of Earthly Delights> has been discussed only within the scope of the Middle Ages because its theme warns against ‘lust’. However, the Bosch’s self-portrait in the work is a Renaissance characteristic of self-awareness, which Dante first raised. Accordingly, this article expanded the discussion of <The Garden of Earthly Delights> to the Renaissance, focusing on its relationship with Dante’s Divine Comedy’s “Inferno”. The reason Bosch wanted to go beyond the scope of the Middle Ages and include a new zeitgeist was fundamentally his extreme interest in humans and the world surrounding humans. This is the worldview of Renaissance humanism, which holds that human life must continue even though it is located in the midst of suffering. In this respect, the Renaissance characteristics of <The Garden of Earthly Delights> can be seen as recapturing historical significance.

Media representation of recovery colleges in Australia: a content analysis

ABSTRACT Background: Recovery Colleges (RCs) are educational hubs that offer a distinct approach to mental health and wellbeing, fostering inclusive learning opportunities. This study aimed to investigate Australian media representations of RCs and discusses how these representations may influence overall community awareness and acceptance of RCs. Methods: Australian online and print news articles on RCs were identified using key words and extracted from two databases: (i) Google News and (ii) Factiva. Content analysis was used to summarise key characteristics of media articles and framing theory informed the identification of news frames. Results: Twenty–three news articles were included. Most were published in local or regional news outlets. Mental health was mentioned in most articles (n = 22), with the majority contextualising RCs as an alternative approach to mental health and recovery through education and participation. The sentiment in the articles was positive, however deficit language was still evident. Human interest and responsibility framing was common. Conclusion: Media coverage highlighted a role for RCs in promoting mental wellbeing through education and participation. However, key elements of their functioning, such as co–production or the role of people with lived experience were less visible. Greater engagement with media outlets to increase awareness and understanding of the individual and community benefits of RCs are needed.

Makna Gaya Penulisan Jurnalistik Berita Feature Human Interest Di Detikjabar

The writing style in features is more flexible and can be more creative and tends to be longer than other news, the human interest feature has the ability to produce the reader’s emotional reaction. Research objectives want to know aspects of clarity of writing style such as language, narrative, sentence structure, or typical elements in writing detikjabar. The research method uses the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce, with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the sign used by detikjabar was only a slightly transparent white watermark in the lower right corner of the picture. Objects can be a representation in mind and can be in the form of something real. The interpretant in the form of the meaning of the sign, namely January is never ashamed even though it is dressed not fashionable. In detik, certain news writing is always warning or warning in each of the first paragraphs, to remind the reader that this news contains traumatic elements. The language used is classified as formal but still maintains emotional elements of humanity in its delivery.

Legal education and artificial intelligence: vectors of interaction

Objective: to develop proposals for the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in legal education. Methods: dialectical methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, comparison, classification, forecasting), statistical, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods. Used in combination, these methods allow comprehensive analysis of the relationship between AI and legal education. Results: the article reveals the main directions to improve legal education in the conditions of AI development: integration of information and communication technologies and training of specialists able to work effectively at the intersection of law and technology. The advantages and disadvantages of using AI in legal education are identified. Ethical aspects of AI application are outlined, as well as the need to manage the development of technologies based on the principles of fairness, transparency and consideration of human interests. The author states the importance of developing not only specialized knowledge, but also universal competencies that will help students to adapt successfully to the dynamically changing conditions of professional activity. Scientific novelty: a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between legal education and AI was carried out, including the identification of specific opportunities for the AI application in legal education, as well as related risks and problems. The author proposes a systematic approach to improving legal education in the context of AI development, focusing on theneed to revise educational programs in legal areas in terms of integrating information and communication technologies; developing universal competencies in students to adapt to a dynamically changing professional environment; introducing mandatory advanced training for judges, legal practitioners to develop skills for using AI systems. Practical significance: the study results can be used to optimize and adapt the educational programs of law schools to the digital era requirements and to develop effective approaches to the AI application in legal practice and education, taking into account ethical aspects and potential risks.

Temporal restriction of biomedical research on human embryos created in vitro

The article is devoted to the study of temporal limitation of biomedical research ofhuman embryos created in vitro. The author has investigated various models of settingtemporal restrictions, in particular, the most widespread in the world model of 14 daystemporal limitation. The article examines the validity of various models of temporal limitations(in particular, models that provide for temporal limitation of 7 days, 14 days, 28days) and their ability to maintain a balance between protection of a human embryo, interestsof a human, society, state, and science.Having studied the practice of establishing temporal limitations in various countries,including Switzerland, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, theauthor reached a conclusion. The research focused on issues related to the status of thehuman embryo and the scientific potential of studying embryos created in vitro more than14 days since their creation. The author concluded that the existing models, particularlythe 14-day rule, do not maintain a balance of interests. Therefore, it is necessary to establisha model that provides for multiple temporal limitations. The author has proposed atwo-level model of temporal limitation. The first level provides for the possibility of cultivatinga human embryo created in vitro up to the 14th day of its development from themoment of creation and carrying out biomedical research of such embryos up to the 14thday of their development from the moment of creation. The second level, which in exceptionalcases and in the presence of stricter conditions provides for the possibility of cultivatinga human embryo created in vitro up to the 28th day of its development from themoment of creation and carrying out biomedical research of such embryos up to the 28thday of their development from the moment of creation. Such a model is a compromise andwill ensure the balance between proper protection of a human embryo and interests of aperson, society, state, and science.

Plurality of Worlds

Human interest in the possibility of other worlds in the Universe has existed for over two millennia. In recent centuries, this question has been translated into the following terms: Are there planetary systems linked to stars other than the Sun?Developments in astronomical instrumentation have transformed this philosophical dream into a new, vibrant chapter in astronomy. This article describes my journey that started over 40 years ago with the exploration of the dynamics of our Galaxy, that brought astonishing scientific progress to which my collaborators and I have contributed, and eventually led to the amazing discovery of the plurality of worlds.

Beyond Anthropocentrism: The Moral and Strategic Philosophy behind Russell and Burch’s 3Rs in Animal Experimentation

The 3Rs framework in animal experimentation– “replace, reduce, refine” – has been alleged to be expressive of anthropocentrism, the view that only humans are directly morally relevant. After all, the 3Rs safeguard animal welfare only as far as given human research objectives permit, effectively prioritizing human use interests over animal interests. This article acknowledges this prioritization, but argues that the characterization as anthropocentric is inaccurate. In fact, the 3Rs prioritize research purposes even more strongly than an ethical anthropocentrist would. Drawing on the writings of Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) founder Charles W. Hume, who employed Russell and Burch, it is argued that the 3Rs originally arose from an animal-centered ethic which was however restricted by an organizational strategy aiming at the voluntary cooperation of animal researchers. Research purposes thus had to be accepted as given. While this explains why the 3Rs focus narrowly on humane method selection, not on encouraging animal-free question selection in the first place, it suggests that governments should (also) focus on the latter if they recognize animals as deserving protection for their own sake.

Toward Expanded Access to Cancer Care With Cost Awareness: An Optimization Modeling Analysis of Rwanda.

Cancers are a growing cause of mortality especially in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. Rwanda is no exception. Two cancer centers currently provide care to the public, but there are both political and human interest in expanding access to tertiary cancer care. Improved geographic access could lead to both better patient outcomes and a better understanding of the existing cancer burden across Rwanda. To identify cost-aware ways of expanding geographic access, we adopt an optimization approach and identify expansion plans that minimize the average travel time to a cancer center across the country while remaining under a given monetary budget. Three additional hospitals could reduce average travel times by 40%, with the largest decrease in travel times observed in populations with long travel times. However, such an expansion would require a 50% increase in the number of in-country oncologists. We find that oncologist scarcity, as opposed to monetary constraints, is likely to be a limiting factor for improved access to cancer care. We present an array of expansion plans and suggest that further modeling approaches that incorporate oncologist scarcity can help deliver better policy recommendations.