Interest-free Loans Research Articles

ICT in biology education: teachers’ readiness and implementation challenges in the context of Bangladesh

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is commonly employed in biology classes to facilitate students' comprehensive comprehension of biological processes and enable them to see living phenomena. The purpose of the study was to explore the use of ICT in enhancing the teaching and learning process of biology in the secondary schools of Bangladesh. In our study, sequential explanatory mixed method design has been followed. Data was collected from purposively selected ten secondary schools of Dhaka city. The study reveals that teachers have a positive attitude towards incorporating ICT in biology lessons and possess operational understanding of data processing tools and online browsing. Nevertheless, it also emphasizes the fact that teachers are devoid of personal computers in their houses and have restricted availability to school computers. Furthermore, the existing curriculum and teachers' guides lack adequate instructions for integrating ICT into biology lectures. The study also suggests that the process of developing ICT-based curriculum is complicated, which deters teachers from incorporating ICT into their classes. Furthermore, there is a limited availability of educational materials related to ICT in the Bangla language. This study recommends continuous in-servicing training on ICT to teachers, interest free loan to teachers for purchasing laptops, developing interactive biology educational ICT contents in Bangla and include specific instructions in the curriculum and teachers’ guide on how to use ICT in biology classes. These findings have important implications for policy makers, educators, and researchers who are dedicated to expanding the use of ICT in education.

Analysis of interest expense deduction in transfer pricing dispute in Indonesia

This study provides a comprehensive examination of interest expense disputes within the context of transfer pricing in Indonesia. Multinational enterprises frequently employ transfer pricing mechanisms to reduce their tax obligations, often leading to legal challenges in tax courts. The research employs a qualitative methodology, focusing on a detailed analysis of several tax court verdicts related to interest expense disputes. The primary dataset comprises appellate verdicts available from the official tax court repository. The study identifies key factors influencing the outcomes of such disputes, including the strength of the evidence presented, the consistency between recorded contracts and actual economic conditions, coherence between transfer pricing documentation and real-world practices, the legitimacy and rationality of the loan arrangements, utilization of reliable comparability data, and substantive arguments concerning the applicability of the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) for assessing interest expense reasonableness. Furthermore, the research underscores crucial considerations for taxpayers, such as the role of DER in determining expense reasonableness, the regulatory framework governing interest-free loans, methodologies for applying the arm’s length principle in interest expense transactions, and the importance of meticulous documentation in transfer pricing files (TP Documentation).

Victory Strategy of Cigentur Village Head, Bandung Regency

Research explains the village head's winning strategy, with an emphasis on political aspects, campaigns and political communication. The focus includes planning, managing and identifying supports. This strategy is considered important in the context of democracy by the Head of Cigentur Village. This research uses Firmansyah's political marketing theory which includes This product, promotion, price and place. The Cigentur Village Head is known to be close to his village residents through active, friendly relationships, and always listens to input and communicates effectively and actively contributes to the community. The Cigentur Village Head's programs and plans include infrastructure development, building Ragas paud and the Cindikia Bojong Paseh Vocational School foundation, then in his education program he focuses on the problem of stunting by building 8 community posyandu to overcome stunting in his health program. and the regional economic development program includes development with an interest-free money loan program, by minimizing mobile bank loans which can cause misery for the community. One of the campaigns carried out against the Cigentur community was a religious campaign by carrying out terawih at around 39 mosques. This is a form of introduction and friendship with the community. campaign costs reached around 200 million in the first period. The difference in votes obtained by the Cigentur Village Head in the first and second periods was approximately hundreds, while in the third period the difference was approximately thousands of votes. Family background h. Hidayat or the Head of Cigentur Village mostly works as an entrepreneur

Psycho Social Challenges Experienced by Flood Victims in Charsaadda, Pakistan

Flood victims face a complicated set of emotional, social, and mental challenges that require advanced knowledge and personalized treatments. The July 2010 flood severely disrupted Pakistani society, inflicting chaos and structural damage and needing a new framework for the people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This research investigates the social and psychological effects of the floods on residents of Charsadda, Pakistan. The information was gathered from people affected by floods in Charsadda, Pakistan. Purposive sampling methods were used to choose responders. N = 377 flood victims were selected from four villages in Union Council Agra. The data for this research was gathered from flood victims using a closed-ended questionnaire. The study emphasizes the enormous social and emotional hardship that flood victims experience, extensive property destruction and health issues. They lacked zeal for their well-being and exhibited excessive emotional reactions. The study suggests focusing social rehabilitation on financial aid and interest-free loans, conducting training sessions and building adequate therapy programs for future calamities. Psychological treatment can offer comfort and support to those impacted. Those who are impacted can find comfort via psychological treatment.

COVID-19, trade and gender in Bangladesh

The aim of the paper was to assess the nexus between COVID 19, trade and gender. Since readymade garments (RMG) and remittances (i.e. services exports) dominant exports in Bangladesh, the paper analyses the impact of the COVID-19 via the RMG and remittance shocks on women workers and entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. The economic and social impacts on trade and COVID 19 are large in Bangladesh. Supportive measures were needed to address these deleterious impacts. The paper recommends tapping into the potential for job creation in ready-made garment and service sectors with supporting policies to alleviate women’s unpaid care work, to reduce gender-based violence in the public space and at work and to upgrade women’s skills – in particular, digital skills to accompany the economic transformation to a shift towards the ICT and service sector. It was also suggested that the government should ensure that support packages reach women entrepreneurs by partnering up with micro-finance institutions and offer reduced collaterals, prolonged repayment timeline and flexibility as to the size of the interest free loan.

Interplay between the agriculture firm’s guarantee strategy and the e-commerce platform’s loan strategy with risk averse farmers

Many agricultural firms procure products from smallholders and sell them on platforms by paying a proportional fee. Generally, smallholders lack capital for production, and e-commerce platforms can provide loans to them. However, smallholders are risk averse, leading them to make conservative production decisions. Additionally, smallholders face bankruptcy risk due to output uncertainty and the interest burden of platforms’ loans. These factors further adversely affect smallholders’ conservative decisions. To alleviate this situation, the firm can provide loan guarantees for smallholders. This study considers a supply chain consisting of risk-averse farmers, an agricultural firm, and an e-commerce platform. The firm first decides the number of farmers to provide guarantees, and then the platform sets loan interest rates for guaranteed and non-guaranteed farmers. Thereafter, the firm decides purchase prices, and each farmer decides his production input. Given the number of guaranteed farmers, we find that the platform will charge each farmer a positive loan interest if the proportional fee is small, but it will offer interest-free (non-negative) loans to guaranteed (non-guaranteed) farmers if the proportional fee is large. Additionally, with the increase in guaranteed farmers, the firm’s profit and the farmers’ utilities are not necessarily monotonic. We further show that guaranteeing a portion of farmers is always detrimental to the firm but may be better for all the farmers. Therefore, it is better for the firm to provide a guarantee to all farmers or just offer no guarantee to any farmer, depending on the magnitudes of proportional fees and the production input efficiency.

Production and socio-economic contribution of bitter kola (Garcinia kola) to people’s livelihood in Ifedore Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria

This study evaluates the production and socio-economic contribution of bitter kola (Garcinia kola) to the livelihood of the people in Ifedore Local Government, Ondo State. The study was conducted in six villages purposively selected in the Local Governments. A total of sixty pre-tested questionnaires were randomly administered to respondents in the study area. The study revealed that 37% of the respondents are above 50 years old while 42% and 58% are male and female respectively with 42% having primary education. The study also revealed that 48% of respondents operate farm sizes of between 11-20 hectares of land with 37% having farming experience of 11-20 years. The majority (92%) of the respondents grow Garcinia kola in mixed plantations while 8% collect their products from natural forests. Seventy-eight percent of the respondents produce 1-5 bags of 50 kg per year, while 35% made between ₦51,000 - ₦100,000 annually. The study shows that 33.7% of the respondents use Garcinia kola for medicinal and social/cultural purposes respectively. It was recommended that government should encourage farmers through incentives such as interest-free loans for large-scale production of bitter kola in plantations through a perennial crop combination agroforestry system for local and international markets.

Alternative model of Islamic deposit insurance for the Islamic banking system

Purpose This paper aims to develop a novel approach to Islamic deposit insurance, specifically addressing the deficiencies in the current prevailing models of Islamic deposit insurance. Design/methodology/approach The analysis in this paper adopts a qualitative content analysis approach to review the existing literature on Islamic deposit insurance and propose a new model. Findings The proposed model includes a revised scheme. In the event of a bank failure, the funds used to reimburse depositors of the failed bank are divided into two distinct categories. The first category includes nonrepayable premiums that have been previously paid by the failed bank and managed by the Islamic deposit insurance agency or Islamic deposit insurance corporation. The second category comprises qard hasan, an interest-free loan provided by the Islamic deposit insurance agency or Islamic deposit insurance corporation using the deposit insurance funds from the collective pool of premiums of other banks. Practical implications The proposed model ensures that well-managed banks are not unfairly burdened by the failures of their poorly managed counterparts, thus preventing a sense of unfairness and inefficiency. Implementing the proposed model may result in higher business practices and risk management standards, ultimately leading to better depositors’ protection and banking system’s stability. Originality/value This paper offers a significant contribution to the limited literature on Islamic deposit insurance. The proposed model enriches the discourse and offers valuable insights for the future development of Islamic banking.

An empirical analysis on whether China’s infrastructure lending is a debt trap for Africa

ABSTRACT Since the first interest-free loans in 1960, China’s lending has played a significant role in African development. However, whether China’s debt is raising the African countries’ sovereign default risk ？This study uses the panel data of China’s lending to Africa to conduct quantitative research to answer this question. While empirical evidence shows that generally in both scenarios (with and without lag effect), China’s debt (represented by debt to GDP) is not relevant to African countries’ sovereign default risk (represented by CRP) for the whole African continent, the debtor countries’ region is also not relevant to the countries’ sovereign default risk. This study reveals that the change in China’s lending is not the only factor affecting the total debt. Sovereign default risk also depends on the GDP growth because if it grows faster than the debt, theoretically debt burden (and the default risk) may decrease rather than increase with debt.

Underdog entrepreneurship: a model to predict the success of poor entrepreneurs

Purpose While extensive research exists on how positive life circumstances and positive personality traits promote entrepreneurship, there is little research focusing on how negative personal circumstances may potentially breed entrepreneurship. This study aims to build upon the theory of underdog entrepreneurship to examine the effect of challenging life circumstances such as poverty on the development of entrepreneurial traits in underdog entrepreneurs. This research analyzed the effect of risk-taking (RT) on the entrepreneurial success (ES) of underdog entrepreneurs and the role of optimism (OPM) and persistence (P) as mediating variables and poverty as a moderator variable. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 400 micro-finance borrowers of Akhuwat Foundation Pakistan. Akhuwat provides interest-free small loans to the poor segment of society. Preliminary testing of the survey questionnaire with a sample of 35 borrowers of Akhuwat Foundation in Lahore city was conducted before data collection. Data was collected from four randomly selected branches in Lahore city. Findings The authors found that OPM and P significantly mediate the relationship between RT and ES. In addition, the authors analyzed the moderating effect of poverty on the relationship between OPM and ES and found a negative moderating effect. A strong positive moderating effect of poverty was found on the relationship between P and ES. The results of multi-group analysis show that successful and unsuccessful underdog entrepreneurs differ in their RT propensity, which is significantly mediated by OPM and P. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence on entrepreneurial traits and success of poor entrepreneur in an emerging economy. This work is original and has not been submitted elsewhere.

Countering Moneylender Exploitation through Islamic Nanofinance: A Literature Review

The prevalence of predatory lending practices poses a significant threat to marginalized communities, perpetuating cycles of debt and financial exclusion. This study aims to explore the potential of Islamic nanofinance as a viable solution to counter moneylender exploitation, focusing on its principles and practices in Southeast and South Asia. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, highlighting the distinctions between nanofinance and microfinance, the ethical frameworks underpinning Islamic finance, and the detrimental impacts of exploitative lending on vulnerable populations. Key findings reveal that Islamic nanofinance, grounded in principles like Qard al-Hasan (interest-free loans) and waqf (charitable endowments), offers sustainable financial alternatives that promote social justice and economic empowerment. Furthermore, successful case studies from countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and India illustrate the effective implementation of Islamic nanofinance initiatives in alleviating financial burdens and addressing systemic inequities. However, challenges such as limited awareness, regulatory hurdles, and resource constraints hinder broader adoption. The implications of this study underscore the need for greater policy support and community engagement to enhance the reach of Islamic nanofinance programs. By fostering collaboration among financial institutions, governments, and civil society, this research advocates for a paradigm shift towards more inclusive financial systems that can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of predatory lending and empower marginalized communities through ethical financing solutions.

Islamic Perspective of Household Debt Management: An In-Depth Study

The use of debt in personal life has become crucial in modern times. Nowadays, people prefer to incur debt to fulfill their needs, wants, and demands. However, it is important to have sufficient knowledge and literacy in debt management unless it might be a cause of financial failure. In Malaysia, the tremendous growth of loans and debt-based products has led to a rise in household indebtedness. It seems Malaysian households are suffering from a lack of knowledge about debt and its management. Hence, the aim of the study is to explore the Islamic point of view regarding the management of debt. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with a group of Shariah scholars. The selection of these scholars follows a snowball sampling technique, ensuring a comprehensive and insightful exploration of this research topic. The findings of the study expose that the rulings on debt and its settlement in Islam vary according to particular circumstances. In general, there is no harm to incur debt as it valid (halal). However, debt should only be used to fulfill necessities, as the absence of it might cause damage to the debtor. On the other side, Islam encourages people to become creditors by giving interest free loans (qard-e-hasan). Moreover, it inspires the creditors to extend the debt repayment period in case of debtors’ inability to pay back the debt within the specific period to ensure social and economic welfare. Thus, the study contributes to improving the knowledge and literacy of the Malaysians about debt and its treatment, ultimately improving their financial behaviors.

Hubungan Diplomatik Indonesia-Brunei Darussalam Pada Masa Presiden Suharto & Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, 1984-1998

This research aims to explain how Indonesia's Diplomatic Relations with Brunei Darussalam developed in the 1984-1998 period. The research method used is a historical method consisting of heuristics, source criticism or verification, interpretation and historiography. In collecting sources, the author uses sources from contemporary newspapers and source books related to the discussion. The results of this research are that Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam have had good relations since the time of the kingdoms in the archipelago. One proof of this good relationship is the kinship between the Brunei Royal family and the Majapahit Kingdom. During the Guided Democracy era, Indonesia and Brunei had cold relations due to differences in political views between President Sukarno and the Sultan of Brunei Sir Omar Ali Saifuddin III regarding the movement for the Unitary State of North Kalimantan led by A.M. Azahari. During President Suharto's time, Indonesia restarted diplomatic relations with Brunei Darussalam which began in 1981 until official diplomatic relations in January 1984. In its development until May 1998, Indonesia's diplomatic relations with Brunei Darussalam went well with a high spirit of friendship. This can be seen through various collaborations in various fields such as politics, economics, education and tourism. The political and economic fields are the most impressive areas in diplomatic relations between the two countries. One of them is that Brunei Darussalam provided an interest-free loan to Indonesia in 1987.

Linking farmers to markets: Assessing small-scale farmers' preferences for an official phytosanitary regime in the Kyrgyz Republic

Small-scale farmers are integral to Kyrgyz agriculture, contending with challenges such as low productivity, market entry barriers, and financial constraints. Most of these farmers are hindered by phytosanitary restrictions preventing direct exports of their products. Granting smallholders direct access to regional markets could significantly enhance their economic prospects. However, the specific policy measures that can encourage smallholders to participate in the official phytosanitary regime remain unclear. This study employs a randomized conjoint experiment, creating a hypothetical policy to measure the preferences of Kyrgyz fruit farmers regarding an official phytosanitary regime. Presenting choice sets with two randomly generated policy alternatives and an opt-out option, we collect data from 378 farmers across five villages. Each policy alternative comprises six attributes: (1) type of service provision, (2) provision of production inputs, (3) provision of interest-free loans, (4) provision of market information, (5) provision of phytosanitary inspection frequency, and (6) annual fees. The results reveal that attributes such as market information, interest-free loans, and production inputs—particularly virus-free seedlings—significantly increase farmers’ participation probability in systematization. However, farmers prefer the private sector as service provider over the government. Additionally, higher annual fees negatively impact the favorability of systematization. Overall, farmers express a preference for the hypothetical policy and are willing to pay at least 14,000 Kyrgyz som to participate in systematization. This study addresses the practical challenges faced by Kyrgyz farmers in meeting stringent phytosanitary standards, indicating the potential of a systematization policy to enhance market access. It lays the groundwork for future research investigating the economic impacts of specific policy attributes for Kyrgyz farmers.

PERAN PEMERINTAH MELINDUNGI USAHA RITEL TRADISIONAL DALAM PANDANGAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH

This study aims to determine the role of the Banjarmasin city government in protecting traditional retail businesses and to analyze it in view of sharia economic law and also to find out the obstacles faced by the Banjarmasin city government in protecting traditional retail businesses. This research is a field research (field research) with a qualitative approach and using interviews and documentation methods. The results of research conducted by researchers indicate that the government has protected traditional retail businesses in the city of Banjarmasin, so that they continue to run well, several ways are carried out by providing services provided by the government, namely conducting guidance to business actors in work programs and also facilitating by providing capital assistance by the principle of cooperation and the principle of interest-free money loans through banks that have collaborated with the Banjarmasin City Cooperative Service. So in the view of sharia economic law, the loan should be interest-free, because it is a qardh contract that is social in nature where the existence of interest makes it a ribawi transaction. Then the obstacles faced by the Banjarmasin City government in protecting traditional retail businesses lie in the lack of ASN human resources which will have an impact on reducing the composition of the resulting performances, lack of data from the traditional retail business actors themselves, most traditional retail business actors are aged and business actors who are not intend to move forward.

Interest-Free Long-Term Loans for Empowering Development in India

Interest-free long-term loans for capex to the Subnational Governments of India, under the Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment (SASCI) Scheme, would facilitate the effective implementation of the present developmental schemes and infrastructure projects across all the States in unison, thereby empowering development. The Central Government of India’s expedited release of capex loans to states is accelerating development spending and contributing to an increase in overall public capex. Consequently, this boost in public capex is also crowding in private capex. Given the reduction in GST compensation grants and borrowing limits, it would be more advantageous for the State Governments to fully utilize the additional borrowing as interest-free loans for capital expenditures.

Peran Yayasan Baitul MALLPLN dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Mustahiq dalam Penyaluran Dana Zakat

Distribution of zakat funds to develop the mustahiq economy is an act of charity in Islam where zakat funds are distributed to people who qualify as mustahiq (zakat recipients) with the aim of improving their welfare and economy. This process can be explained as, Mustahiq Identification The first step is to identify the person or family who qualifies as mustahiq. Mustahiq are individuals or families who meet the criteria of Islamic sharia and need financial assistance to meet their basic needs. Zakat Calculation Zakat is one of the religious obligations in Islam which orders Muslims to give a portion of their eligible assets to mustahiq. The distribution of zakat is based on calculating a certain percentage of assets subject to zakat. Distribution of Funds. After the zakat funds have been identified and calculated, the next step is to distribute the funds to the mustahiq. This can be done in various ways, including providing direct assistance, providing business capital, providing skills training, or providing interest-free loans.

Formation and development of the banking system in Galicia on the eve of joining the Austrian monarchy in the second half of the 18th century

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation and development of the banking system in Galicia on the eve of joining Austria in the second half of the 18th century. It is noted that the beginnings of banking in Galicia date back to the Middle Ages, in particular, during its stay as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The banking system of Galicia as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was formed and functioned in accordance with the general trends in the development of banking in Europe.
 It has been established that the first banks in the current sense of the word began to appear in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with the development of urban centers and crafts. Banking houses became more and more important every decade. They granted loans to Polish kings and cities (it is known that they granted loans to the city of Lviv), acted as intermediaries in obtaining loans abroad, in in Viennese banks. Banking activity in Poland since the Middle Ages has been carried out by merchant families, the most prominent of which were Schwartz, Boner, Montelupi, Volchek, Jezyfowicz. Gradually, banking business in Galicia as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth began to separate from the merchants. People began to appear who were called «bankers» and for whom credit business was the main occupation. The first banker in Poland who gave himself this name was Adam Zimman.
 It is shown that in the 18th century several banks were established in Galicia, which acted as commercial institutions and mostly served trade and industry. In Galicia, loans to private individuals in the XVII-XVIII centuries. provided by owners of large capital. It is known that in the middle of the XVII century. the Lviv burgher brotherhood at the Dormition Church helped its members with interest-free loans. At the same time, benevolent credit institutions began to appear, similar to the European Pious Banks (Montes pietatis). Pious banks were established by ecclesiastical organizations, often Jesuits, to provide loans to the population at comparatively lower interest rates than individual private individuals. These banks were part of the church’s fight against usury. They were usually supported by donations and contributions from church organizations and wealthy people. The money received from these sources was used to provide loans to the public against collateral. In many cases, pious banks refused to charge interest on loans and even forgave debts if the borrower was unable to repay the loan. Pious banks were popular in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, especially among the poorer population who could not afford the high interest rates charged by private financial institutions or individuals. However, over time, religious banks became less popular due to increased competition from private banks, as well as a decrease in the interest of church organizations in supporting them.
 It is argued that in Galicia as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century. banking was born. The first bankers were rich burghers, such as the German Valerian Alembek, the Greek Konstantin Korniakt, or the Campian family. Prototypes of classical banks in the current sense of the word were credit societies or so-called pious banks that performed lending functions. They first specialized in mortgage loans and short-term loans. The Armenian Pious Bank became the first institution of such a plan in Lviv. Simultaneously with the development of trade and industry in the 18th century. banking institutions began to acquire more and more importance. They accepted deposits primarily from larger landowners and provided loans. Banking houses even provided loans to Polish kings and cities, including Lviv. Despite the intensification of banking activity in the 18th century, the banking system in Galicia as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was poorly developed, and legal regulation was mostly related to issues of interest on loans granted.

Effects of N-Power Programme on Poverty Reduction and Unemployment in Nigeria: Evidence From Data

The effects of the N-power programme on poverty reduction and unemployment in Nigeria are investigated in this paper. Secondary data from 2004 to 2021 were employed but in comparison of two periods. Charts, Graph, Tables and Student t-test developed by Fisher were employed in analyzing the data. The result from the stylized facts revealed that there was an insignificant reduction in poverty rates as poverty rates during N-power average 41.26% and fluctuate within the six years of implementation of the programme. The p-value of 0.1748 which is higher than 0.05 confirmed that there is no statistical significant difference between poverty reductions in the two periods. The result also shows that N-power programme has not been effective in curbing unemployment as the rate of unemployment keeps increasing in the country. For N-Power to be effective in curbing poverty and unemployment, this paper recommends that government should have a transitional plan for beneficiaries, for the programme to a long term employment. This can be achieved by creating employment opportunities for beneficiaries within the ministries and agencies of governments, and encouraging the private sector to absorb the beneficiaries after some periods of training. Beneficiaries can also be given interest-free loans and mentorship to start their own small businesses and to employ others. Where this is not possible within the stipulated period, beneficiaries of the N-power should be made to stay on the programme until they find paid employment rather than lay them off to the labour market after two years without adequate plan to keep them off the poverty trap.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) FRAMEWORK FOR YOUTH EMPOWERMENTS IN NIGERIA

The rate of unemployment among Nigerian youths is alarming and this unfortunate situation has led many youths to involve in various forms of crimes such as armed robbery, banditry, kidnapping, human trafficking, insurgency, to mention but a few. Though, governments at all levels are trying to minimize unemployment scenario through different interventions, such as poverty alleviation, agriculture anchor programme, trainings of youths on different technical programmes and so on. This paper proposes an ICT based framework for youth empowerment in Nigeria so as to complements the existing efforts on the joblessness. The paper x-rayed concept of ICT, youth empowerments and unemployment. It was also explained in the paper the causes of unemployment in Nigeria and governments efforts to reduce unemployment to barest minimum. The paper provides some recommendations, such as, provision of interest-free loans by federal government to youths who are willing to stand on their own for self-reliant and employer of labour in the nearest future.