Congruence Of Interests Research Articles

Modeling when and how physics Ph.D. students search for a research group: The role of interests and prior research experiences in timely group integration

Studying the factors that influence the quality of physics Ph.D. students’ doctoral experiences, especially those that motivate them to stay or leave their programs, is critical for providing them with more holistic and equitable support. Prior literature on doctoral attrition has found that students with clear research interests who establish an advisor-advisee relationship early in their graduate careers are most likely to persist. However, these trends have not been investigated in the context of physics, and the underlying reasons for why these characteristics are associated with leaving remain unstudied. Using semistructured interviews with 40 first and second year physics Ph.D. students, we construct a model describing the characteristic pathways that physics Ph.D. students take while evaluating the interest congruence of prospective research groups. We show how access to undergraduate research and other formative experiences helped some students narrow their interests and look for research groups before arriving at graduate school. In turn, these students reported fewer difficulties finding a group than students whose search for an advisor took place during the first year of their Ph.D. Finally, we identify two characteristic types of students at a higher risk of leaving their programs: students who enter graduate school with broad interests and struggle to find a group and students who join a research group early based on research interest alone and subsequently encounter issues with a negative mentoring relationship. This work serves as a major step toward creating a comprehensive model of how Ph.D. students find a research group and opens the door for future work to investigate how factors such as group culture and working environment impact the search process. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Dao, the Godhead, and the Wandering Way: Daoism and Eckhart’s Mystical Theology

In popular discourse, it is not uncommon to highlight the distinctiveness of systems of “Eastern thought” (e.g., Daoism) in contrast to so-called “Western” systems. However, there is an interesting congruence between Daoism and Meister Eckhart’s mystical theology, particularly in regard to the concepts of the Dao and the Godhead. Like the Dao, the Godhead is the “ground” of all being, simultaneously radically transcendent and immanent, considered as distinct from all things and yet the enfolded totality of them. Both these concepts are also dynamic principles, continually manifesting in the flux of the ever-changing universe. In both systems, nature at its fundamental level is characterized by namelessness, emptiness, encompassment, and dynamism. Nature as “ground” is also a religio-ethical concept. Humans are called to align with this ground and enter into a state of wandering joy, called wuwei (non-action) in Daoism and the “wayless way” for Eckhart. Through reverting to their indeterminate source, the person is able to become detached from rigid teleological norms. Thus is laid the foundation for an ethics of non-attachment, wherein individuals dwell in an existential flow and are attuned to all yet anchored unquestionably to none.

Partition theorems and the Chinese Remainder Theorem

The famous partition theorem of Euler states that partitions of n into distinct parts are equinumerous with partitions of n into odd parts. Another famous partition theorem due to MacMahon states that the number of partitions of n with all parts repeated at least once equals the number of partitions of n where all parts must be even or congruent to 3(mod6). These partition theorems were further extended by Glaisher, Andrews, Subbarao, Nyirenda and Mugwangwavari. In this paper, we utilize the Chinese Remainder Theorem to prove a comprehensive partition theorem that encompasses all existing partition theorems. We also give a natural generalization of Euler's theorem based on a special complete residue system. Furthermore, we establish interesting congruence connections between the partition function p(n) and related partition functions.

In the name of interests: A joint consideration of interest development and consequence.

Vocational interests have been an important concept for career decision making and counseling. However, while researchers have separately explored the criterion validity of interest congruence and the formation mechanism of interests, there has been little joint, interactive consideration of the two key aspects of interests. A key issue remains unclear: Could interests with different focal formation mechanisms have different consequences? Drawing on the motivation and vocational literature, this article first explains why it is possible and necessary to differentiate the formation mechanisms of interests in terms of motivational focus (intrinsic, extrinsic-autonomous, and extrinsic-controlled). Then, it formulates how the motivational focus of interests interacts with the performance focus of environments (quality-oriented vs. quantity-oriented) and the value focus of individuals (intrinsic vs. extrinsic satisfaction) in shaping the criterion validity of congruence. By linking what people like with why they like it, the joint interest formation and consequence model (a) delineates the motivational, performance, and value moderators of congruence-criterion links and explains previous results; (b) suggests assessment strategies that can facilitate research and practice related to the joint model and marginalized populations; and (c) provides insights into the flexible use of interests in different scenarios of career selection. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

International advocacy and China’s distant water fisheries policies

This article examines the impact of international advocacy on China’s Distant Water Fisheries (DWF) policies. Content analysis demonstrates that both international advocacy documents and China’s official responses have focused on the politics and transboundary governance of DWF, with China stressing agrofood production and international advocates emphasizing DWF’s environmental consequences. Neither party has placed much emphasis on structural complexity in China’s DWF policymaking. Even so, the congruence of interests in politics and transboundary governance underscores the importance of international advocacy in influencing perception changes that necessarily precede policy change in China’s DWF governance.

Perceived job quality among persons with spinal cord injury: The contribution of sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and person-job match

Context/Objective Perceived job quality is a key indicator of sustainable work among persons with spinal cord injuries (PwSCI). This study aimed at (a) describing three indicators of perceived job quality (i.e. job satisfaction, job performance, and work stress) among working PwSCI, and (b) identifying whether and how different person-job match dimensions (i.e. interest congruence, demands-abilities fit, needs-supplies fit, and effort-reward imbalance) as well as sociodemographic and health-related factors (e.g. age, sex, SCI-related characteristics, pain problems, and depressive symptoms) are associated with perceived job quality. Design Cross-sectional, self-report survey. Setting Community. Participants 549 working-age PwSCI who participated in the 2017 community survey of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort study and reported being engaged in paid work. Outcome measures Job satisfaction, job performance, and work stress. Results Higher interest congruence, better needs-supplies fit and lower effort-reward imbalance, as well as female sex, were associated with higher job satisfaction, while higher effort-reward imbalance, poorer demands-abilities fit (underqualification), and – surprisingly – better needs-supplies fit were associated with higher work stress. Moreover, underqualification, worse needs-supplies fit as well as pain, depressive symptoms, and language region were associated with lower job performance. Conclusion Integrating individuals in jobs that match their abilities, interests and needs, and which adequately reward their efforts may contribute to better job quality among PwSCI. Beyond that, common secondary health conditions and comorbidities such as pain and depressive symptoms should receive particular attention in interventions that aim to promote job quality and ultimately sustainable work in the SCI population.

There is no capitalist conspiracy and the rich are not all‐powerful

There is no capitalist conspiracy and the rich are not all‐powerful

Approaching the legitimacy of self-appointed representatives: from responsiveness to reflexivity

The paper offers an extensive theoretical discussion of and a contribution to the highly relevant, controversial, and normatively charged debate on the legitimacy of interest groups as non-elected, self-appointed representatives. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the paper juxtaposes two diverging approaches on legitimacy of interest groups, namely responsiveness as a means to achieve a congruence of interests and reflexivity as the structural facilitation of evaluative judgements conducted by the constituency. Second, the paper proposes a framework on institutional instruments generating reflexivity suitable for empirical research. To corroborate this concept-specification of reflexivity, this paper debates several empirical studies on and theoretical approaches to institutional mobilisation mechanisms enabling a structural facilitation of contestation. Eventually, three distinct attributes of the concept of interest group reflexivity are established. An interest group’s forums for exchange and education, its decision-making system and its grassroots involvement ought to ensure internal structural reflexivity towards its constituency. When combined, they can mitigate the potential for undemocratic representation due to a lack of or skewed mobilisation and empowerment.

Impact of Interest Congruence on Study Outcomes.

Grounding on Holland’s RIASEC model of vocational interests and the respective assumptions on person-environment fit (congruence), this paper focuses on how congruence is related to study outcomes, especially students’ persistence, performance, and satisfaction. The paper distinguishes the measure of congruence with respect to social congruence (SOC) (interest fit with the study mates) and aspirational congruence (ASP) (interest fit with the occupation aspired) and also distinguishes the effects of congruence for gender and six different study areas including Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM), medicine, economics, education, and languages. The paper analyses 10,226 university freshmen of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) and follows them longitudinally with respect to their study outcomes. The results show that students’ persistence was more related to SOC than to ASP, especially for male students. Furthermore, SOC was particularly important for students in STEM areas. Regarding performance, however, ASP was more important. Here, we notably found correlations for STEM subjects with a balanced proportion of female students. Regarding satisfaction, mainly marginal correlations could be found. The results indicate conceptual differences between social and aspirational congruence as well as specific effects for gender and study area. While research might take this into account by specifically developing their models for different study areas, career counseling may reflect on the different significance of the interest-based person-environment fit for different study areas. Initiatives for raising young people’s participation in STEM should therefore specifically focus on students that have high chances to develop interest profiles that are congruent to STEM rather than students who show profiles which already indicate a low congruence.

Influence of Person-Vocation Fit on Satisfaction and Persistence in Vocational Training Programs.

Positive effects of person-environment fit on job satisfaction and persistence are well documented. However, little is known about the consequences of person-vocation (P-V) fit for vocational education and training (VET). Using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we examine the influence of selected P-V fit indicators (educational match, interest congruence, skill congruence) on training satisfaction and premature contract termination (PCT) for 4,097 trainees in VET. We find that most P-V incongruences do not lead to negative consequences. Training satisfaction is not affected by interest congruence and skill congruence. However, moderate overeducation (intermediately qualified adolescents working in occupations with high shares of low-qualified trainees) enhances training satisfaction. For PCT, there is a general effect of undereducation; undereducation increases the probability of PCT independent of educational qualification for the occupation. PCT is not affected by skill congruence and only for Realistic interests, congruence with the vocational environment reduces PCT probability.

The relationship between congruence of employee interests with work environment and well-being

Sklad interesa pojedinca i radne okoline (kongruentnost) temelj je profesionalnog savjetovanja. Prema Hollandovoj teoriji izbora zanimanja, kongruentnost bi trebala voditi pozitivnim profesionalnim ishodima, poput zadovoljstva na poslu, radne uspješnosti i motivacije za rad. Dosadašnja istraživanja kongruentnosti i ishoda kao rezultat dobila su vrlo niske povezanosti kongruentnosti i zadovoljstva poslom. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos kongruentnosti zaposlenika i radne dobrobiti, pri čemu je proširen raspon kriterija na nekoliko mjera radne dobrobiti: radnu angažiranost, afektivnu dobrobit, zadovoljstvo poslom i zadovoljstvo životom. Dodatan problem istraživanja bio je ispitati moderatorsku ulogu strukture interesa u odnosu kongruentnosti i radne dobrobiti. Sudionici u istraživanju bili su zaposleni građani iz raznih hrvatskih tvrtki koji rade više od 30 sati svaki tjedan (N = 526). Sklad interesa zaposlenika i njihove radne okoline računan je putem RIASEC rezultata na Upitniku profesionalnih interesa i RIASEC procjena radnih okolina. Rezultati su pokazali da je kongruentnost, kada je operacionalizirana suvremenim indeksima, nisko pozitivno povezana s energičnosti i predanosti na poslu kao subskalama radne angažiranosti te s doživljavanjem ugodnih emocija na poslu. Pri tome se mjera kongruentnosti temeljena na Euklidskoj distanci pokazala najboljom operacionalizacijom konstrukta. Mjere strukture interesa uglavnom se nisu se pokazale značajnim moderatorom odnosa kongruentnosti i radne dobrobiti. Iznimka je moderatorska uloga konzistentnosti interesa koja djeluje na način da je odnos kongruentnosti i zadovoljstva životom snažniji za pojedince koji imaju nekonzistentne profile interesa. Ključne riječi: kongruentnost interesa i radne okoline, radna dobrobit, diferenciranost i konzistentnost profesionalnih interesa, visina profila

Congruences involving the binomial coefficient and some applications

In this paper, we gave some new identities and super-congruences involving binomial coefficient, and some interesting congruences related to Fibonacci and Lucas sequence.

Recruiting Foreign Warriors: Moral and Temporal Tropes in the Islamic State’sDabiq

AbstractTo commemorate its declaration of a global khilafah in 2014, the Islamic State (IS) began publishing an online magazine, Dabiq, which became one of its primary recruiting tools during its rise to infamy. By using rhetoric that recalls U.S. presidential war rhetoric, specifically, tropes of “justice” and “time,” the English-language version of Dabiq fulfilled both subversive and hegemonic functions. It disrupted the reductive discourse that equates Islamic terrorists only with barbaric aggression and rendered IS as a rational global actor. Through this subversive move, IS aligned its anti-imperial interests with potential recruits in English-speaking Western countries with similar proclivities. At the same time, through its use of dominant Western war tropes, IS made a hegemonic attempt to facilitate recruits’ cultural identification so they assume a congruence of interests with IS, leading to an alignment of motives. Dabiq thus fulfilled an imperial trajectory through (neo)imperial rhetorics of identification and control. IS’s strategic use of (neo)imperial tropes in English—language of the empire—in Dabiq hence complicates monolithic (and Oriental) perceptions of the relationship between empire, imperialism, and Islamic terrorism in contemporary global political discourse. In addition, the significance of (neo) imperial tropes expands the heuristic scope of the rhetoric of terrorism by highlighting the implications of imperial ambitions and use of (neo)imperial rhetoric for the rise of global Islamic terrorism.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИМ КЛАСТЕРНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ТУРИСТИЧНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ

The article discusses the contemporary issues related to the specifics of managing the innovative development of cluster entrepreneurship in the tourism sector. High dynamism of the external environment, rapidly growing consumer market demands for the quality of goods and services, intensified competition and a range of other factors urge local governments to make effective management decisions aimed at supporting further development of tourism business clusters that have to rely on compliance and well-reasoned application of methods, principles and functions of strategic management based on modern economic and mathematical modeling toolkit. The study presents the results of research on managing innovative cluster development of tourism entrepreneurship along with providing step-by-step assessment of innovation environment and exploring the sources of possible barriers to transformation processes. In addition, the intensity of transformation dynamics has been measured. The findings suggest an algorithm to run the diagnostics for the sensitivity of tourism companies within integrated clusters to innovative transformations. It is argued that the management framework, with innovative cluster development pattern of tourism entrepreneurship as its structural element, is capable to ensure integrated congruence of interests of all market actors, non-for-profit institutions and consumers, which allows to develop and implement effective policies for tourism and recreational services sector, subject to availability of appropriate management structures, powers and levers of influence. A conclusion is made that the primary function in managing the innovative cluster development of tourism entrepreneurship is the ability to balance the interests of various regional market actors and implement the strategic socioeconomic priorities of the tourism and recreation services sector in the context of sustainable development.

Fit gets better: A longitudinal study of changes in interest fit in educational and work environments

Theories of person–environment fit describe a dynamic process in which fit should improve over time due to changes in a person’s attributes, the environment, or both. Although these ideas are central in several theoretical perspectives, they have largely gone untested. Here, we report a longitudinal examination of interest congruence (i.e. interest fit) across 12 years during the transition from education to the workforce. The study uses four methods to capture interest congruence and the drivers of fit change: growth models, latent congruence models, person and environment latent difference scores, and piecewise growth models based on environmental transitions. Each method uses a different lens to understand interest congruence in educational and work domains. Across methods, three results were typically found: (1) interest congruence improved over time in school and at work, (2) participants’ interests often predicted educational and work changes, and (3) participants’ interests rarely changed in response to their environment. These results support a dynamic conceptualization of fit and suggest that selection—rather than socialization—is the main mechanism through which individuals achieve better interest fit during young adulthood. Other implications are discussed for theory development and the applied use of interest assessments.

Stability and change in vocational interest profiles and interest congruence over the course of vocational education and training

The current study is concerned with the stability of and changes in vocational interest profiles and interest congruence in vocational education and training (VET). Specifically, we examined (1) the stability of vocational interest profiles, (2) the existence of occupational socialization effects that manifest themselves as increases in person-environment (P-E) congruence, and (3) the question of whether or not changes in P-E congruence are psychologically relevant because they are related to trainees’ attitudes towards their VET course. We used data from a three-wave longitudinal sample comprising N = 2611 trainees from five different VET courses in Germany. Through the use of meta-analytical aggregation techniques, we were able to analyze interindividual differences in intraindividual interest stability and P-E congruence and to relate these differences to trainees’ satisfaction with VET. On average, interest profiles turned out to be highly stable over the entire course of VET. However, we found substantial interindividual and intergroup differences in interest stability. Average P-E congruence increased slightly in two groups, providing only little evidence for the presumed socialization effects. Nevertheless, interindividual differences in P-E congruence and changes in P-E congruence were psychologically relevant because they were linked to trainees’ satisfaction with their VET course and changes therein.

Some new q-congruences on double sums

Swisher confirmed an interesting congruence: for any odd prime p, $$\begin{aligned} \sum _{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}(-1)^k(6k+1)\frac{(\frac{1}{2})_k^{3}}{k!^{3}8^k} \sum _{j=1}^{k}\Bigg (\frac{1}{(2j-1)^{2}}-\frac{1}{16j^{2}}\Bigg ) \equiv 0 \pmod {p}, \end{aligned}$$ which was conjectured by Long. Recently, its q-analogue was proved by Gu and Guo. Inspired by their work, we obtain a new similar q-congruence modulo $$\Phi _n(q)$$ and two q-supercongruences modulo $$\Phi _n(q)^{2}$$ on double basic hypergeometric sums, where $$\Phi _n(q)$$ is the n-th cyclotomic polynomial.

Vocational interests, gender, and job performance: Two person–occupation cross‐level interactions

AbstractVocational interest theories imply a person–occupation cross‐level interaction effect (e.g., artistic interests predict job performance better in artistic occupations), which has rarely if ever been tested as such. Using a large military sample, we find person–occupation interest congruence effects are supported: (a) on core technical job performance for six of eight interest dimensions, and (b) on job performance ratings for structural/machines and rugged outdoors (i.e., Realistic) interests. Another cross‐level interaction involves the person–occupation gender congruence effect. Our data also confirm the job performance gap favors men when in male‐dominated occupations, but favors women when in gender‐balanced occupations. Due to strong overlap between vocational interests and gender, we conduct a critical test of whether person–occupation interest congruence might be due to person–occupation gender congruence. In only two of six cases (i.e., rugged outdoors and administrative interests), did the person–occupation interest congruence effect disappear after controlling for the person–occupation gender congruence effect; the gender congruence effect also remained significant after controlling for the interest congruence effect. Consequently, the two cross‐level interactions on job performance (for vocational interests and for gender) appear to represent distinct effects. In a second, service organization sample, the person–occupation interest congruence effect (for Realistic interests) on job performance ratings and the person–occupation gender congruence effect were both replicated.

Operationalize Interest Congruence: A Comparative Examination of Four Approaches

Although interest congruence is a cornerstone of career counseling, little is known about the relative importance of different operationalization approaches to interest congruence (i.e., how to calculate interest congruence). Using a sample of U.S. employees ( n = 303), the current study comparatively examined four profile-based conceptual congruence approaches, namely Euclidean distance, angular agreement, profile deviance, and profile correlation, in terms of their predictions for job and life satisfaction, turnover intention, and perceived person–job fit. The results found that profile correlation demonstrated complete dominance (i.e., ubiquitously stronger predictive utility) over the other three congruence indices in predicting all four career outcomes. Therefore, the current study portrays profile correlation as a preferred operationalization approach to interest congruence and offers rich implications for congruence research and practice.

Israel defense forces strategy (2015): reflexos da aliança de Estados Unidos e Israel na atual política declaratória de defesa de Israel

Este artigo tem como objetivo primário a análise exploratória do documento da Política Declaratória de Defesa de Israel, divulgada ao público pela primeira vez na história do Estado (2015). Como objetivo secundário, busca-se analisar o reflexo da aliança histórica de Estados Unidos e Israel na Política de Defesa israelense, objetivando o recorte analítico quanto à interpretação do país no que tange a definição do inimigo. Em face deste cenário parte-se do seguinte problema de pesquisa: Qual o papel dos Estados Unidos na construção da atual política declaratória de defesa de Israel no que tange a identificação de ameaças? A hipótese inicial considera que as ameaças identificadas por Israel são produto da aliança histórica e congruência de interesses de ambos países para o Sistema Regional do Oriente Médio. Argumenta-se que a congruência de interesses de Estados Unidos e Israel se traduzem na estratégia de alinhamento de balanceamento regional. Para melhor compreensão ao leitor, a estrutura do texto se divide em duas seções que correspondem aos objetivos do trabalho: inicialmente analisam-se as mudanças estruturais do período Pós Guerra Fria e o arcabouço teórico de alinhamentos sistêmicos; na segunda seção apresenta-se o estudo da Política Declaratória de Defesa israelense, atentando-se para os seguintes fatores: i) caso de Israel como Regional Power; ii)histórico da aliança com Estados Unidos, e iii) análise do documento “The Israel Defense Forces Strategy” (2015). A metodologia empregada consiste na adoção de fontes primárias (análise do Documento de Defesa Nacional) e fontes secundárias (revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema).