Interdisciplinary Health Care Teams Research Articles

A Qualitative Study of Patient and Interprofessional Healthcare Team Member Experiences of Bedside Interdisciplinary Rounds at a VA: Language, Teamwork, and Trust.

Patient and interprofessional healthcare team member experiences of bedside interdisciplinary rounds (BIDR) are generally positive. Overall, there is large heterogeneity in existingBIDR frameworks, and best practices have not been defined. Understand patients' and interprofessional healthcare team members' experiences of BIDR. Academic VA Medical Center (VAMC) with daily structured BIDR. Inpatients, nurses, pharmacists, and care coordinators who participated in BIDR. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with study participants about their experiences with BIDR between January and June 2020. All interviews were recorded and professionally transcribed. We used thematic analysis to identify key themes. We interviewed 14 inpatients and 18 interprofessional healthcare team members, including nurses, pharmacists, and care coordinators. Patients participating in BIDR reported positive perceptions of being included in the discussion of their healthcare plans and increased trust in providers; patient discomfort resulted from physician use of technical language and frombeing presented with unclear, vague careplans. Interdisciplinary healthcare team members participating in BIDR reported an increased understanding, respect, and trust for other team members and improved patient care; challenges were posed by lack of supportive structural elements to interprofessional workflow and prolonged physician presentations. BIDR can build trust between patients andhealthcare providers and within the interprofessional team by creating a setting where teamwork interactions can be observed. Based on our findings, we recommend trust-building practices for BIDR, which include sharing BIDR goals with patients, using patient-centered language, creating structures for interprofessional inclusion, defining team roles, using standardized communication, and addressing interprofessional inputs in real time.

Innovate and renovate: Environmental intensive care unit design.

This article describes the reallocation of space and construction of a new adult shock trauma intensive care unit implementing methods to mitigate the environmental impact. The environmental burden was reduced through innovative reallocation of space and diversity of lighting sources. Circular economy principles were implemented which enabled much of the infrastructure materials to be reused. Collaboration among interdisciplinary health care teams, such as described in this article, helped to ensure expertise was shared so that the environmental impact was lessened. This article provides insight into innovative methods to mitigate the carbon footprint of a critical care renovation project.

Registered Dietitian Nutritionists’ Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Health Care Teams: A Cross-Sectional Survey

BackgroundRegistered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) are important members of interprofessional health care teams; yet, there is limited research of RDN perspectives of interprofessional teams. ObjectiveTo examine associations between the characteristics of RDNs and their attitudes of team-based care (TBC). DesignA cross-sectional electronic Qualtrics survey encompassing demographic questions, the Attitudes Toward Interdisciplinary Health Care Teams (ATIHCT) scale, and additional interprofessional-related items was distributed to RDNs during January 2020. Participants/settingA total of 5018 RDNs from various regions/specialties in the United States were recruited primarily via direct email from a random list of RDNs obtained through the Commission on Dietetic Registration. The final sample was N = 616; 12.3% of RDNs and 88.1% of RDNs who initiated the survey. Main outcome measuresATIHCT subscale scores, which measure attitudes regarding efficiency of TBC and service quality of TBC. Statistical analyses performedMultiple linear regression modeled area of specialty, time with RDN credential, location, sex, frequency of TBC, and how valued the RDN perceived him or herself to be as independent variables, with ATIHCT subscales as outcome variables. Data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to determine appropriate use of the ATIHCT scale in the sample. ResultsFoodservice (β = –1.48; P = .004) and sports nutrition RDNs (β = –2.58; P = .014) had lower scores for attitudes regarding efficiency of TBC (subscale 1) than clinical RDNs. Greater perceived value of the RDN was associated with higher scores for attitudes regarding efficiency (β = .66; P < .001). Greater perceived value of the RDN (β = .13; P = .03) was associated with higher scores for attitudes regarding service quality of TBC (subscale 2). ConclusionsSpecialty and perceived RDN value are associated with more favorable interprofessional attitudes among RDNs. To support positive attitudes regarding interprofessional collaboration, efforts should be honed to foster appreciation and clarity of the RDN’s role in TBC.

An Analysis of Drug-Related Problems in the Neurology Ward of a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objective Drugs that act on the central nervous system have a high potential to cause drug-related problems (DRPs). A clinical pharmacist aided by collaborative efforts within an interdisciplinary healthcare team can prevent, detect, and resolve DRPs, thereby contributing to the promotion of medication safety and improving the quality of life of individuals under care.This study aimed to assess DRPs identified in the neurology ward of a tertiary hospital from February 2016 to November 2019. Methods This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional and retrospective design involving secondary data collected from pharmaceutical care (PC) records. Student's t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, Poisson models, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between age, number and type of medications, duration of hospitalization, and the occurrence of DRPs. Results A total of 130 patients were included in the study, and a total of 266 DRPs were detected, with 93 patients experiencing more than one DRP and 37 not presenting any DRPs. Necessity-related DRPs were the most prevalent (46.6%) type, followed by safety-related DRPs (28.6%). The prevalence of safety-related DRPs was higher in individuals older than 60 years (p<0.001). Conclusions Of note, 84.6% of the interventions suggested by pharmacists to resolve DRPswere accepted by the healthcare team. The high number of DRPs found underscores the importance of the clinical role of the pharmacist and interprofessional collaboration in the care of neurological patients, especially in the pharmaceutical follow-up of elderly individuals.

Implementing Inpatient Social Needs Screening in an Urban Tertiary Care Children's Hospital.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening for unmet social needs, and the literature on inpatient screening implementation is growing. Our aim was to use quality improvement methods to implement standardized social needs screening in hospitalized pediatric patients. We implemented inpatient social needs screening using the Model for Improvement. An interprofessional team trialed interventions in a cyclical manner using plan-do-study-act cycles. Interventions included a structured screening questionnaire, standardized screening and referrals workflows, electronic health record (EHR) modifications, and house staff education, deliberate practice, and feedback. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of discharged patients screened for social needs. Screening for social needs was defined as a completed EHR screening questionnaire or a full social work evaluation. Process and balancing measures were collected to capture data on screening questionnaire completion and social work consultations. Data were plotted on statistical process control charts and analyzed for special cause variation. The mean monthly percentage of patients screened for social needs improved from 20% at baseline to 51% during the intervention period. Special cause variation was observed for the percentage of patients with completed social needs screening, EHR-documented screening questionnaires, and social work consults. Social needs screening during pediatric hospitalization can be implemented by using quality improvement methods. The next steps should be focused on sustainability and the spread of screening. Interventions with greater involvement of interdisciplinary health care team members will foster process sustainability and allow for the spread of screening interventions to the wider hospitalized pediatric population.

Enhancing midwives' occupational well-being: Lessons from New Zealand's COVID-19 experience.

The World Health Organization posits that adequate maternity health is possible if midwives are supported, respected, protected, motivated, and equipped to work safely and optimally within interdisciplinary health care teams. Based on qualitative survey data, we argue that the COVID-19 pandemic amplified job demands and resources, professional invisibility, and gender norms to negatively impact midwives' well-being. We aim to develop a refined understanding of the antecedents of well-being in midwifery to equip policymakers, administrators, and professional associations with the knowledge to enhance midwives' well-being postpandemic. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources model, we thematically analyzed qualitative survey data ( N = 215) from New Zealand midwives to reveal how job demands, resources, and structural factors impacted midwives' well-being. We identified fear of contracting and spreading COVID-19, financial and legal imperatives (job demands), work-related hypervigilance, sense of professional duty, practical and social support, and appreciation and recognition (job resources) as key antecedents of midwives' well-being. These job demands and resources were influenced by professional invisibility and gender norms. Policy and practice solutions must address job demands, resources, and structural factors to meaningfully enhance midwives' well-being postpandemic. We recommend that policymakers, administrators, and professional associations monitor for signs of overcommitment and perfectionistic strivings and then take appropriate remedial action. We also suggest that midwives receive equitable pay, sick leave, and other related benefits.

A Measure of Attitudes toward Interdisciplinary Healthcare Teams Around Pediatric Autism Care

A Measure of Attitudes toward Interdisciplinary Healthcare Teams Around Pediatric Autism Care

"I think deprescribing is very needed in our society:" Healthcare Professional Students Perceptions of Deprescribing Education.

Introduction: Deprescribing is a complex and pivotal process in the healthcare system that requires the involvement of different healthcare professionals, as well as patients and family members. Given the multifaceted healthcare professionals involved in deprescribing, fostering interdisciplinary healthcare teams during the didactic and experiential educational engagement is imperative. Thus, this study aimed to characterize healthcare professional students' opinions on the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to deprescribing during the didactic and experiential components of the curriculum. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with healthcare professional students enrolled in a professional degree program at one Mid-South health science center located in the US. Focus groups were conducted via an online platform over three months in 2022, and recruitment continued until thematic saturation was achieved. Using Thematic Analysis, the corpus of the transcribed data was imported into Dedoose®, a qualitative software that facilitated the analysis. Results: A total of 36 healthcare professional students participated in four focus groups. Three themes emerged from the data: 1) setting the stage for deprescribing, 2) developing interprofessional deprescribing simulations, 3) potential positive patient outcomes. In the first theme, the healthcare professional students describe current challenges in the deprescribing process that call attention to the interprofessional nature of deprescribing. The second theme demonstrates the necessity of developing interprofessional simulations to educate healthcare professional students in the practice of deprescribing. Finally, in the third theme, the healthcare professional students illustrate the potential of interprofessional education on deprescribing to improve patient outcomes. Conclusion: The data highlights that there was strong agreement between extant literature and health professions participants on barriers to deprescribing, including interprofessional communication issues, and on the recommendation to enact interprofessional healthcare simulation education on deprescribing. In addition, the potential benefits of increased interprofessional education will provide immeasurable benefits and create an ample understanding of the health professions roles. These findings suggest that deprescribing focused interprofessional healthcare simulation educational activities should be conducted and assessed.

Seven strategies for optimizing end-of-life skin and wound care

These seven strategies may help the interdisciplinary healthcare team optimize the care of patients at the end of life with skin and wound concerns.

The extended care team for people with multimorbidity as a complex adaptive system: How to raise the adaptability of your own team.

1.Short summary: Rapid changes in healthcare structure and demands require continuous adaptability of healthcare teams. This workshop will describe a case vignette of a patient with multimorbidity to start a theoretically underpinned reflection on how teams can be supported to adapt to changing contexts.&#x0D; 2.Why: Traditionally healthcare delivery has been structured based on disease-specific guidelines, procedures and teams in which effectiveness and quality of interventions is often measured by means of disease specific clinical outcome indicators defined in disease-specific randomized clinical trials. However, for people with a combination of disorders or with a complex context, outcomes are often a lot more uncertain. In addition, patients with multimorbidity are often followed by different professionals in different healthcare and welfare services, each with their own perspective and priorities. Therefore, interprofessional healthcare teams often operate in complex situations. Moreover, they tend to operate in fragmented order throughout different primary and secondary healthcare and welfare services. Complexity science has been introduced in healthcare as a theoretical framework to better understand complex situations. Interdisciplinary healthcare teams can be viewed as Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) by focusing more on the team members' interactions than on the characteristics of individual team members. Viewing teams in this way can provide us with insights into the origins of team behavior. Insights that can be supportive to improved team functioning and improved integrated care.&#x0D; 3.Audience: Clinicians, teamleaders, managers&#x0D; &#x0D; Structure (90')&#x0D; &#x0D; Introduction (10') on changes in population needs (e.g. multimorbidity) and healthcare delivery (e.g. interprofessional collaboration) including the related challenges. The need for optimizing the adaptability of clinical teams towards this changing working context will be emphasized as focus of the workshop. Theoretical background on complexity science as a lens to better understand working in VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous) conditions&#x0D; Group work (30') A case vignette will be provided of a patient with multimorbidity taken care of by a multiprofessional team. Based on the case vignette participants will fill in the CAL questionnaire (Complex Adaptive Leadership Organisational Capability Questionnaire). Group discussion on the meaning of the scores will be guided by the moderators&#x0D; Theory (10')The constructs of the Questionnaire will be explained and the use of the questionnaire as a monitoring tool during team transitions will be discussed&#x0D; Group work (10') discuss/brainstorm about strategies to influence the topics defined in the different questions of the questionnaire.&#x0D; Reporting back (20') small groups will report back about the strategies they have defined for each question.&#x0D; Wrap up and key messages (10') Two minutes of repetition of the theoretical principles of complexity science in healthcare by the moderators. Group formulation of preferred strategies defined during the workshop to optimize the adaptability of clinical teams in working with complex patients&#x0D; 5.How to engage&#x0D; Small group discussions – plenary discussions&#x0D; Case vignette – clinical reflection – brainstorm&#x0D; Dscussion on transferability of ideas to real world situation&#x0D; 6.Take home messages?&#x0D; Partly by moderators, partly by participants&#x0D; One pager with theoretical underpinning + further reading suggestions will be provided

OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS IN INTEGRATING PALLIATIVE CARE SERVICES INTO PERMANENT SUPPORTIVE HOUSING

Abstract Despite well-known inequities in rates of serious illness and premature mortality among people experiencing homelessness, as well as the unique biopsychosocial and spiritual care needs of people with homelessness histories, there is a lack of translational research focused on palliative care service delivery within permanent supportive housing. This presentation will present data from the Research, Action, &amp; Supportive Care at Later-life for Unhoused People (RASCAL-UP study) to describe the current practices, perceived barriers, and recommendations in providing support to older permanent supportive housing residents during serious illness and end-of-life. Through a thematic analysis of interviews with direct care providers (n=30) across multiple care settings, themes were identified: 1) the importance of on-site relationships; 2) cross-sector collaboration barriers; 3) interdisciplinary communication barriers within permanent supportive housing teams; 4) environmental and spatial considerations; and 5) missing levels of care between supportive housing and higher levels of medical care. From these results, we put forth recommendations for translational research, supportive housing policy, and capacity-building efforts for interdisciplinary and cross-sector healthcare and housing teams.

Palliative care for infants with life-limiting conditions: integrative review

BackgroundInfants with life-limiting conditions are a heterogeneous population. Palliative care for infants is delivered in a diverse range of healthcare settings and by interdisciplinary primary healthcare teams, which may not...

Utilizing pharmacists for billable services related to disease state management

Pharmacists are uniquely trained to optimize pharmacotherapy regimens for chronic disease states such as type 2 diabetes as part of an interdisciplinary health care team. Although pharmacists can enter into collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) with physicians that allow them to adjust pharmacotherapy, it is difficult to align these agreements with billable services to sustain pharmacists’ salaries in the primary care setting. Although pharmacists cannot bill directly, they can participate in certain billable services under varying levels of provider supervision. Services such as chronic care management, remote patient monitoring, and continuous glucose monitoring specifically allow for pharmacist participation in care and present opportunities to link CPAs to billable care.

Coping Factors for Caregivers of Children With Medical Complexity During Hospitalization.

This study aimed to identify coping factors for caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) to manage the stressors and experience associated with their child's hospitalization. We conducted semistructured interviews with CMC caregivers over a video-conferencing platform to examine factors that they perceive impact their coping while their children are hospitalized. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and imported into a qualitative coding software (MAXQDA). Using a modified grounded theory approach, we assigned process and in vivo codes to the transcripts and conducted interpretive analysis to identify themes. Once we reached thematic saturation, we finalized themes by discussing them to achieve group consensus and processed themes through triangulation with our institution's pediatric family advisory council. We interviewed 14 caregivers (11 mothers and 3 fathers) and identified 3 major themes. The factors that contributed to CMC caregiver coping with their child's hospitalizations included caregivers: feeling that they are prioritizing their child's needs over their own, feeling trust in their child's interdisciplinary healthcare team, and feeling their self-care practices are well adjusted to the hospital setting. Our study found 3 coping factors for caregivers of CMC during their child's hospitalization. Development and testing of interventions that enhance these coping practices may better support CMC caregivers during their child's hospitalizations. Potential interventions could include developing structured processes to establish caregiver involvement in their child's hospital care and helping caregivers modify their existing coping mechanisms to the hospital setting.

Spirituality and health outcomes within the context of social determinants of health.

Spirituality has a significant impact on patients' overall quality of life, however, it is often overlooked in the context of social determinants of health (SDOH). Nurses are well positioned to lead the expansion of SDOH models to include spirituality; however, routine nursing care does not emphasize spiritual assessment knowledge and skills. This article discusses spirituality and how it fits into the SDOH model, nursing education, and interdisciplinary healthcare. Spiritual care training may improve the confidence of nurses to integrate routine mental and spiritual assessments in clinical practice and serve as leaders in promoting spiritual care within interdisciplinary healthcare teams.

Integrating interprofessional core competencies through simulation that promotes ethical decisions, patient safety, and cultural diversity

Introduction: Integrating ethical decisions, patient safety, and cultural diversity through multidisciplinary team-based simulation enhances learning and awareness of interprofessional core competencies.Methods: A simulation scenario was designed to meet educational objectives and create a realistic environment for second-year medical, third-year pharmacy, and third-year nursing students. Students from each of the three disciplines were evenly distributed into groups to participate in a scenario. The simulation-based encounter consisted of a prebrief session, a simulation activity, and an overall debrief session. Course faculty from each discipline facilitated the three mirror-imaged scenarios, observed student behaviors, and operated mid-fidelity simulators. Students’ knowledge and attitudes related to the interprofessional education core competencies (IPE-CC) were evaluated using pre- and post-assessment surveys. Additionally, student feedback was gathered through an opinion survey following the activity.Results: Three-hundred and sixty-one students participated in the simulation activity during the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. A statistical significance was noted with 80% of the pre- and post-assessment survey items. Learner opinion survey results provided favorable feedback as well as suggestions for improvement. The educational objectives were met.Discussion: This simulation activity provides a realistic environment for students to apply the IPE-CC in preparation for their role as an interdisciplinary healthcare team member.

Team behaviors as antecedents for team members' work engagement in interdisciplinary health care teams.

Due to the increasing complexity and diversity of work tasks in teams, teams need team members who are dedicated and energetic, both characteristics attributed to team members' work engagement. Especially in the domain of health care, high demands at work impact professionals' work engagement. Despite teams being the main work unit in this domain, team research on antecedents of work engagement has been neglected. The present study examines the role of team behaviors such as reflection activities in the relationships between demands at work and team members' work engagement. In doing so, the study aims to extend findings on team behaviors by considering cognitive and work-task related team behaviors as well as team behaviors that focus on emotional aspects. Data of 298 team members of 52 interdisciplinary teams of health and social care organizations which provide care and assistance were collected in this cross-sectional survey study. Relationships between team demands at work, team learning behaviors, dealing with emotions in the team and team members' work engagement were estimated in a mediation model using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that team members' work engagement is positively related to team learning behaviors and dealing with emotions in the team. Cognitive team demands at work such as the complexity of work tasks, were found to relate positively to team members' work engagement, while emotional team demands such as the amount of emotional labor at work had a negative relationship. Team learning behaviors and dealing with emotions in the team were found to mediate the relationship between team demands at work and team members' work engagement. Our results provide insights into the actual behavior of teams in the domain of health care, both on cognitive and emotional aspects, and the capability of team learning behaviors and dealing with emotions in the team to mediate the relationship between team demands at work and team members' work engagement. The findings encourage future researchers and practitioners to address cognitive, emotional and motivational components in team research to provide a better understanding of team conditions, team behavior and team outcomes.

The Evolving Role of Nurses in Patient-Centered Care

As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, so too does the role of nurses in providing patient-centered care. Gone are the days when nurses were solely seen as assistants to physicians. Today, nurses play a vital and dynamic role in shaping healthcare outcomes, making significant contributions to the overall patient experience. With their holistic approach, empathetic nature, and clinical expertise, nurses have become key drivers in delivering personalized care that puts patients at the center. The evolving role of nurses in patient-centered care is characterized by their increased autonomy and decision-making authority. Nurses are no longer confined to following strict protocols but are actively involved in care planning, assessment, and coordination. This expanded scope of practice empowers nurses to develop personalized care plans that address the unique needs and preferences of individual patients, fostering a stronger therapeutic alliance.&#x0D; Furthermore, nurses have become integral members of interdisciplinary healthcare teams. Their ability to collaborate and communicate effectively with other healthcare professionals ensures seamless coordination of care and promotes continuity across different settings. Nurses act as advocates for patients, facilitating dialogue and ensuring that their voices are heard in the decision-making process. This collaborative approach fosters a culture of patient-centeredness and enhances the overall quality of care delivered. Another significant aspect of the evolving role of nurses is the integration of technology in patient-centered care. Nurses are now proficient in using various digital tools, electronic health records, and telehealth platforms. These technological advancements enable nurses to collect and analyze patient data more efficiently, monitor vital signs remotely, and provide timely interventions. By leveraging technology, nurses can deliver care that is both personalized and evidence-based, optimizing patient outcomes.&#x0D; The evolving role of nurses in patient-centered care marks a paradigm shift in healthcare delivery. With their expanded scope of practice, interdisciplinary collaboration, and integration of technology, nurses have emerged as leaders in shaping the patient experience. By placing patients at the center of care and tailoring interventions to their unique needs, nurses ensure that healthcare remains truly patient-centered. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, it is imperative that we recognize and support the pivotal role nurses play in championing patient-centered care for better health outcomes.

Experiences of nurses on COVID-19 preventive protocols implementation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana: A qualitative exploration.

The Coronavirus Disease, 2019 (COVID-19) disrupted healthcare delivery. Health workers, particularly nurses are key members of the interdisciplinary healthcare team. They are faced with many challenges due to the pandemic. In addition to providing basic healthcare services, nurses are required to adhere to the COVID-19 recommended safety protocols. This study explored experiences of nurses on the implementation of COVID-19 preventive protocols in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A qualitative study was conducted among seventeen (17) nurses, comprising five (5) staff with COVID-19 infection, and twelve (12) ward managers or in-charges who did not have COVID-19 infection, using explorative design and an interview guide. The participants were purposively selected. The ward managers/in-charges and infected staff were interviewed face-to-face and by mobile phone respectively. Content analysis was conducted on the data and the results presented as themes and sub-themes. After the analysis, five (5) main themes and fourteen (14) sub-themes were identified on experiences of nurses regarding COVID-19 preventive protocols implementation. These included understanding COVID-19 transmission/spread (patients-to-staff, staff-to-staff and through fomites), communicating the preventive protocols (social media, ward meetings and administrative memoranda), and attitude of nurses on the protocol's implementation (growing apathy, discomfort in applying personal protective equipment (PPEs) and outright defiance). Nurses also experienced some challenges and inadequate support (progressive decline in supply of PPEs, infrequent supply of water and limited infrastructure), in addition to dealing with issues of protocols implementation in healthcare setting (inapplicability of social distancing in hospital setting and improvising PPEs). In conclusion, the nurses had varied experiences on COVID-19 preventive protocols implementation. The themes explored were mode of COVID-19 transmission, communication approaches, negative attitudes, inadequate logistics and inability to implement social distance. Overall, these affected the effective implementation of the protocols. Thus, health facilities should be provided with adequate logistics/supplies and trainings to enable nurses implement COVID-19 preventive protocols effectively.

PHarmacistavoidance or reductions in medical costs inCRITicallyill adults rounding with oneSERVICEcompared to two or more services:PHARM‐CRIT‐SERVICE

AbstractIntroductionIntensive care unit (ICU) pharmacists are integral members of the interdisciplinary health care team. Pharmacy staffing models vary by ICU and hospital, and clinical pharmacists may cover one ICU service or multiple services. It is presently unknown how covering or rounding on multiple services relative to one service impacts the quantity of interventions made or the acceptance rate of those interventions.MethodsExploratory analysis of the PHarmacist Avoidance or Reductions in Medical costs in CRITically ill adults (PHARM‐CRIT) study, a multicenter, prospective, observational study was performed between August 2018 and January 2019 in academic medical centers and community hospitals throughout the United States. ICU pharmacists documented recommendations and accepted interventions. Pharmacists that covered one service were compared to those who covered two or more services or no services.Results218 ICU pharmacists participated across 85 centers. There were 2905 shifts and the primary rounding structure was one service (n = 1766, 60.8%) compared to covering two or more services (n = 822, 28.3%), and no rounding (n = 317, 10.9%). The percent of pharmacists with accepted interventions was higher with one service compared to the other groups: one service (45.7% ± 1.8) vs. no rounding (12.7% ± 1) (odds ratio [OR] 4.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.19–5.78]) and one service vs. two or more services (31.6% ± 1.6) (OR 1.81 [95% CI 1.67–1.95]). This was also observed when comparing two or more services to no rounding (OR 2.73 [95% CI 2.32–3.2]). The probability of an intervention being accepted was highest in pharmacists rounding on one service, followed by two or more services, and least likely without rounding. Increasing the patient load of the pharmacist in any of the rounding structures resulted in a decline in interventions being accepted.ConclusionsICU pharmacists rounding with one service relative to two or more or none had more interventions attempted and accepted.