Interception Of Solar Radiation Research Articles

Higher Seed Rates Enlarge Effects of Wide-Belt Sowing on Canopy Radiation Capture, Distribution, and Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat.

The optimized winter wheat sowing method comprising wide-belt sowing (WBS) can improve the ears number and biomass to increase the grain yield, compared with conventional narrow-drill sowing (NDS). The seed rate and the interaction between the sowing method and seed rate also affect yield formation. However, the effects of the sowing method and seed rate, as well as their interaction on biomass production, particularly the interception of solar radiation (ISR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), are unclear. A field experiment was conducted for two seasons in southern Shanxi province, China, using a split-plot design with sowing method as the main plot (WBS and NDS) and seed rate as the sub-plot (100-700 m-2). Our results showed that while WBS had a significant and positive effect, increasing the yield by 4.7-15.4%, the mechanism differed between seed rates. Yield increase by WBS was mainly attributed to the increase in total biomass resulting from both the promoted pre- and post-anthesis biomass production, except that only the increase in post-anthesis biomass mattered at the lowest seed rate (100 m-2). The higher biomass was attributed to the increased ISR before anthesis. After anthesis, the increased ISR contributed mainly to the increased biomass at low seed rates (100 and 200 m-2). In contrast, the increased RUE, resulting from the enhanced radiation distribution within canopy and LAI, contributed to the higher post-anthesis biomass at medium and high seed rates (400 to 700 m-2). The greatest increases in total biomass, pre-anthesis ISR, and post-anthesis RUE by WBS were all achieved at 500 seed m-2, thereby obtaining the highest yield. In summary, WBS enhanced grain yield by increasing ISR before anthesis and improving RUE after anthesis, and adopting relatively higher seed rates (400-500 m-2) was necessary for maximizing the positive effect of WBS, and thus the higher wheat yield.

Genetic regulation of self-organizing azimuthal canopy orientations and their impacts on light interception in maize.

The efficiency of solar radiation interception contributes to the photosynthetic efficiency of crop plants. Light interception is a function of canopy architecture, including plant density; leaf number, length, width, and angle; and azimuthal canopy orientation. We report on the ability of some maize (Zea mays) genotypes to alter the orientations of their leaves during development in coordination with adjacent plants. Although the upper canopies of these genotypes retain the typical alternate-distichous phyllotaxy of maize, their leaves grow parallel to those of adjacent plants. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) on this parallel canopy trait identified candidate genes, many of which are associated with shade avoidance syndrome, including phytochromeC2. GWAS conducted on the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by canopies also identified multiple candidate genes, including liguleless1 (lg1), previously defined by its role in ligule development. Under high plant densities, mutants of shade avoidance syndrome and liguleless genes (lg1, lg2, and Lg3) exhibit altered canopy patterns, viz, the numbers of interrow leaves are greatly reduced as compared to those of nonmutant controls, resulting in dramatically decreased PAR interception. In at least the case of lg2, this phenotype is not a consequence of abnormal ligule development. Instead, liguleless gene functions are required for normal light responses, including azimuth canopy re-orientation.

On silicon nanobubbles in space for scattering and interception of solar radiation to ease high-temperature induced climate change

A thin film of silicon-based nanobubbles was recently suggested that could block a fraction of the sun’s radiation to alleviate the present climate crisis. But detailed information is limited to the composition, architecture, fabrication, and optical properties of the film. We examine here the optical response of Si nanobubbles in the range of 300–1000 nm to evaluate the feasibility using semi numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations, following the Mie and finite-difference time-domain procedures. We analyzed a variety of bubble sizes, thicknesses, and configurations. The calculations yield resonance scattering spectra, intensities, and field distributions. We also analyzed some many-body effects using doublets of bubbles. We show, due to high valence electron density, silicon exhibits strong polarization/plasmonic resonance scattering and absorption enhancements over the geometrical factor, which afford lighter but more efficient interception with a wide band neutral density filtering across the relevant solar light spectrum. We show that it is sufficient to use a sub monolayer raft with ∼0.75% coverage, consisting of thin (∼15 nm) but large silicon nanobubbles (∼550 nm diameter), to achieve 1.8% blockage of solar light with neutral density filtering, and ∼0.78 mg/m2 silicon, much less than the mass effective limit set earlier at 1.5 g/m2. We evaluated solid counterpart nanoparticles, which may be produced in blowing/inflation procedures of molten silicon, as well as aging by including silicon oxide capping. The studies confirm the feasibility of a space bubble filtering raft, with insignificant imbalance of the correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index characteristics of sunlight.

Cultivars of Arabica coffee: Characterization and interception of solar radiation

Cultivars of Arabica coffee: Characterization and interception of solar radiation

Comparative assessment of two different designs of box solar cookers under algerian sahara conditions

This paper deals with the experimental study of two box-type solar cookers equipped with booster mirrors and suitable for cooking a single family’s food. The first one has a conventional, ordinary horizontal aperture area and the second one has an inclined aperture area. The latter is a new configuration which allows for much higher solar radiation interception, resulting in better cooking performance, especially in the winter when the sun’s elevation is low. Optimum inclination angles of the booster mirrors were calculated in order to maximize the reflection of the solar rays on the absorber plates. The cooking performance of the proposed new cooker was compared with the conventional box solar cooker of the same material and surface during Winter 2013 in the Ghardaîa Sahara climate (32.39°N, 3.78°E), Algeria. According to the values of some essential thermal performance parameters suggested by International Standards and evaluated by experimental studies, the inclined aperture area improves the thermal performance of the box-type solar cooker remarkably, reducing cooking time considerably. The first and second figures of merit for the improved cooker, respectively, were 0.15 and 0.47 compared to 0.13 and 0.38 for the conventional cooker.

Shade effect on the productivity and structure of natural campos communities: Doctoral thesis abstract

The characteristics of the forest plantations determine the dynamics of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under the tree canopy and its area of influence. The objective of this work was to study the effect of shade on the structure and biomass production of the natural grassland (CN), analyzing the relationships between the light environment on the vegetation cover of the understory (%), the species present and their photosynthetic metabolisms. In addition, the effect of artificial shade on the production, seasonal distribution of forage and structure of a CN were analyzed for three years. P. taeda and E. grandis exhibited a similar light environment, presenting the lowest levels of plant cover. E. globulus showed a more illuminated environment, generating better conditions for plant development. C4 species increase their coverage against increases in incident photosynthetically active radiation (PARi) levels and C3 species achieve the highest coverage at intermediate levels of light interception. The composition in summer and autumn tends to become homogeneous over the years, associating with summer perennial grasses (GPE), regardless of the level of interception of solar radiation (IRS). In winter and spring the cover evolves towards a greater association with winter perennial grasses (GPI) and winter annual grasses (GAI) in the levels of greater shade. The increase in IRS levels increased the production of CN. The effect of shade over time determined different seasonal responses in biomass production and composition of functional types of plants. The shade modifies the botanical composition, increasing the coverage of GPI, GAI and reducing the GPE. The shade level modifies the seasonal distribution of forage, smoothing the annual production curve.

Desempenho produtivo do milho em diferentes arranjos de plantas

ABSTRACT Sowing arrangements composed of double-row spacing in corn can favor the interception of solar radiation by the canopy and, consequently, the yield performance of the crop. However, it is possible that the microclimate provided by this spacing, especially at high plant densities, favors the occurrence of leaf diseases. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of 0.45 m and double-row spacing arrangements on the severity of foliar diseases and yield performance of corn grown in the first and second-crop seasons. Two independent experiments were conducted (with and without the fungicide fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) in the first and second-crop seasons in a randomized block design arranged in a split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The plots consisted of spacing (0.45 m) and double-row (0.30 × 0.60 m), and the subplots, four plant densities (59,200, 74,000, 81,400, and 96,200 plants ha-1). In the plant density factor, in the second-crop season, there is a decrease in the severity of white spot as plant density is increased. Also, for the plant density factor, in the first-crop season, there may be a significant yield increase as the plant density is increased.

Soybean seed yield and protein response to crop rotation and fertilization strategies in previous seasons

Annual crops dominate Argentinean landscapes with a majority of fields dedicated to soybean production. Consecutive years with full-season soybean crops are frequent and this practice is associated with organic carbon losses affecting soil chemical and physical properties. It is proposed that more intensive and diverse cropping sequences coupled with targeted fertilization may allow keeping near-neutral nutrient and carbon balances while improving successive crops performance. We conducted four on–farm experiments along six seasons in the Argentine Pampas where three crop rotations and two fertilization strategies (high and regular rates of N, P, and S) were evaluated. Crop rotations involved were i) soybean monoculture, ii) a typical wheat-soybean/maize/soybean rotation, and iii) a more intensified rotation consisting of wheat-soybean/field pea-maize/soybean. After five years, soil organic carbon was consistently lower under soybean monoculture compared to that under more intensive and diverse rotations. During the sixth and last season, identically managed soybean crops were grown in all treatments to determine the influence of previous management history on soil, plant nutrients, and on crop performance. Results indicate that crop rotation largely influenced soybean seed yield (range from 120 to 690 kg ha−1 yield increase) mainly through changes in water use affecting solar radiation interception and, by a lesser extent, the conversion efficiency of radiation into biomass and partition to seeds. Comparatively, increased fertilization rates in preceding seasons resulted in a lower seed yield response (range from nil to 180 kg ha−1), which indicates that fertilization strategies alone are ineffective to restore productivity levels after years of soybean monoculture. However, in most cases, the high fertilization strategy in previous seasons resulted in greater soybean protein concentration in seeds and in overall protein yield.

Light Interception and Radiation Use Efficiency of Three Cassava Genotypes with Different Plant Types and Seasonal Variations

The yield potential of cassava might be increased by enhancing light interception and the ability to convert energy into biomass and yield, which is described as radiation use efficiency (RUE). The objective of this study was to determine light interception, extinction coefficient (k), and RUE of three cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50 (KU50), Rayong 11 (RY11), and CMR38-125-77) under seasonal variations. The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications, using two planting dates for 2 years at Khon Kaen, Thailand. Data were recorded for weather conditions, light interception, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass. Solar radiation interception, RUE, and k were calculated. Light interception of the crop planted in May sharply increased in the early growth stage, whereas the crop planted in November slowly increased and could maintain higher light interception from the mid–late growth stages. Light interception and LAI had a moderate to high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.61–0.89) for three cassava genotypes and all planting dates. The k values ranged from 0.59 to 0.94, varying by genotypes and planting dates, indicating that the leaf orientation of the three cassava genotypes was horizontally oriented. The relationship between biomass accumulation and cumulative solar radiation produced a high value of R2 (0.86–0.99). The RUE for biomass (RUEbi) varied by genotype and planting date, ranging from 0.66 g MJ−1 to 0.97 g MJ−1. However, the RUE for storage root dry weight (RUEsr) ranged from 0.29 g MJ−1 to 0.66 g MJ−1. The RUEbi and RUEsr in each genotype on each planting date were significantly different. The highest RUEbi and RUEsr were found at 4–6 and 7–9 MAP for almost all genotypes and planting dates, except for the crop planted in November 2015, when both RY11 and CMR38-125-77 had the highest RUEbi at 10–12 MAP. RY11 had a lower LAI compared to other genotypes, which contributed to lower light disruption and lower RUEbi and RUEsr. KU50 and CMR38-125-77 could maintain canopy light interception during canopy development and storage root accumulation stages and had high RUEbi and RUEsr, resulting in high biomass and crop yield.

Effect of Microclimate Modification on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet

Field experiment was conducted at Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the summer 2022 to study the effect of microclimate modification on growth and yield of pearl millet (CO 10). Experiment was laid in Factorized Random Block Design (FRBD) with three factors viz., three levels of land configurations, two levels of mulching and two levels of water stress conditions. Totally 12 treatment combinations that replicated thrice. The results revealed that the paired row with intercropping approach produced the best growth parameters, such as plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield followed by paired row sowing and normal sowing due to higher solar radiation interception and utilization. In terms of irrigation level, maximum growth and yield parameters were observed with 0.75 IW/CPE ratio as compared to 0.5 IW/CPE due to lesser canopy temperature. In respect of mulch treatments, the mulched plots under both the levels of irrigation and at different land configurations had higher DMP and yield by reducing soil moisture stress, lowering the canopy temperature and higher PAR use efficiency It is concluded that the microclimatic alterations through changes in land configuration, irrigation and mulch application showed an effective adaptive strategy to mitigate adverse weather susceptibility and climatic risks in field crops.

Effects of Minimum and Maximum Limits of Solar Radiation and Its Temporal and Geographic Interactions

In order to achieve high yields, the use of radiation by agricultural crops must be improved in order to maximize and extend the duration of foliar interception of solar radiation. Appropriately, studies aimed at the understanding and behavior of radiation in plants are extremely relevant. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to approach information about the concepts, radiation availability temporal, geographical, photosynthesis efficiency as a function of leaf arrangement and radiation interception efficiency × leaf area index (LAI). Studies aimed at a significant comprehension of radiation in crops demonstrate that the plant growth and development depend on the intensity and duration of solar radiation. More surveys are required on the subject for a better development of the culture, aiming to guarantee that the plants have better conditions to express their potential.

Optimizing Seeding Ratio for Semi-Leafless and Leafed Pea Mixture with Precise UAV Quantification of Crop Lodging

The field pea has both semi-leafless (SL) and leafed (L) types. Mixing these two types together might improve yield by optimizing pea solar radiation interception, reducing lodging, and decreasing disease. However, an optimum mixing ratio has not yet been established, since previous studies mixed two leaf types from two separate varieties. This study used four near-isogenic pairs of pea genotypes differing only in leaf type to determine the optimal mixing ratio for yield and agronomic traits. Two leaf types were mixed at seeding in five mixing ratios: 0:100, 50:50, 67:33, 83:17, and 100:0 SL/L. With precise UAV quantification of canopy height (r2 = 0.88, RMSE = 2.6 cm), the results showed that a ratio of over 67% semi-leafless pea had a 10% greater lodging resistance when compared to the leafed monoculture. For mycosphaerella blight and Uromyce viciae-fabae rust diseases, the 83:17 mixture decreased disease severity by 4% when compared with the leafed monoculture. Regression analysis of yield estimated that the 86:14 ratio provided an 11% increase to the leafed monoculture, but there was no increase compared with the semi-leafless monoculture. Mixing the two types in a high semi-leafless ratio can reduce leafed lodging and prevent yield loss but does not increase the overall yield over the semi-leafless monoculture.

Exploring the evapotranspirative cooling effect of a green façade

• External wall behind the green layers were up to 7°C cooler than shade sails. • The gap temperatures behind green façade were always cooler than ambient air. • The gap temperatures behind green façade were cooler than gap behind shade sail. • The contribution of the evapotranspirative to overall gap cooling was to be 35%. Green façades are one of many innovative solutions widely applied to buildings to reduce energy consumption. Green façades can mitigate urban heat through evapotranspiration and shading; however, the relative contribution of interception of solar radiation (shade cooling) versus transpiration (evapotranspirative cooling) is not well understood. This study investigates the cooling provided by different façades, including green façades and shade sails, to quantify the relative impacts of evapotranspiration and shading. The temperature of the ambient air, gaps (areas behind the façades), and external walls behind the façades were measured and compared during different weather conditions. According to the results, during hot sunny days, the external wall temperatures behind the green façade were up to 7°C cooler than those behind the shade sail. Furthermore, the temperatures behind the green façade and shade sail were always cooler than the ambient air, by up to 11 and 6.8°C, respectively, indicating that the evapotranspirative cooling contributed 25-35% of the overall gap cooling induced by the green façades. The thermal benefits provided by the green façade indicated that they could contribute effectively to the sustainability of the building design and constitute an effective nature-based solution to city-scale urban heat and building energy use. The setup of temperature sensors (yellow circles) relative to the external wall and the a) green façade, d) shade sale and g) control – without façade. Diurnal temperature changes from the ambient air to the external wall behind the green façades (b: north-facing; c: west-facing), shade sails (e: north-facing; f: west-facing), and without façades (h: north-facing; i: west-facing) under sunny conditions. Note the difference in temperature scale of the north (b, e and h) and west facing façades (c, f and i). .

Transparent part design optimizations in buildings towards energy saving based on customized radiation sky dome model

In consideration of the sun's path in architectural design, the window systems can be regarded as heat traps, to introduce solar radiation into the buildings in winter. On the contrary, the solar radiation passing through the glazing into rooms significantly increases the cooling energy requirements in summer. Due to the optimum solar heat gain magnitudes varying by season in the buildings, a tradeoff solution needs to be explored between the solar radiation interception in summer and the solar heat gain in winter. Here, we separated out the beneficial and the harmful solar radiations from the radiation sky dome model, based on the air temperature data. Then, a new customized radiation sky dome model was created, according to the difference value between the beneficial and harmful solar radiations over a year. Furthermore, the neighboring buildings with various volume and number combinations were assigned to surround the study building, to explore the shading performance on the study building cast by the surrounding building(s). In this work, the average energy saving rate for six chosen study buildings is about 14%, based on the passive strategy of the customized radiation sky dome model.

A study on wheat crop for estimation of potassium efficiency, effect on growth, potential yield under agricultural and botanical practices

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the important crops of human diet around the globe. Purify flour of wheat contains less vitamins and causes constipation and malnourishment. The experiment was designed to study on wheat crop, botanical and agricultural parameters and advances in plant sciences and accomplished in Randomized Complete Block Design. Sowing was done in field with plot size of 216 m2. LAI is very crucial growth index which directly controls the interception of solar radiation and consequently dry matter production and accumulation. The LAD exhibits the tenacity of leaves to remain photo synthetically active during the growth season of a crop. The NAR indicates the dry matter accumulation in plants per unit canopy area. Recorded data was subjected to analysis of variance by using Statistix 8.1 software. It presented mean values of all treatments for crop growth rate. Maximum results for CGR observed under T3 with 14.3 mean values. While minimum observations had been shown by T1 that is 13.4. It showed mean values for all applied treatments and wheat showed maximum value of leaf area index of (3.3367) under treatment (T4) and minimum value of leaf area index that is 3.0233 was shown by plants under treatment (T7). Maximum results for flag leaf area observed under T4 with 114.73 mean values. While minimum observations had been shown by T1 that is 88.03. It is recommended that the farmers should use split dose of potassium fertilizer for better growth and yield of wheat and it may also be helpful in future prospects.

How could observed sowing dates contribute to maize potential yield under climate change in Northeast China based on APSIM model

The Northeast China (NEC) accounts for more than 30% of the national total maize planted area (grain yield). Adjusting the sowing dates has been considered an effective measure to adapt to climate change, but there was little evidence that how well the producers had done. In this study, we used phenology observations at 67 stations from 1981 to 2014 to detect trends in actual sowing dates, then the agricultural production systems simulator, APSIM-Maize model, was used to assess the effects of changes in observed sowing dates on maize phenology and yields. During the past 34-year period, the actual maize sowing dates show a delaying tendency, at a rate of 1–6 days per decade, but there are significant fluctuations among years. For per day delay in the sowing dates, the whole growing season was shortened by 0.1%. Delaying sowing dates reduced the solar radiation interception during the vegetative period as well as the thermal time during the reproductive period. As a result, the overall maize potential yield was negatively affected in NEC; for per day delay in the sowing dates, the potential yield was decreased by 0.6%. By contrast, advancing sowing dates in some years led to increases in both the solar radiation interception during the vegetative period and the thermal time during the reproductive period. However, these increases showed various effects on the maize potential yield across different parts of the study region. We detected a positive effect of advancing sowing dates on maize potential yield in the high latitudes, at a rate of up to 1.6%. By contrast, in the low latitudes, the negative effect of advancing sowing dates on maize potential yield was dominant, at a rate of up to 2.7%.

Growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. iceberg) irrigated with brackish water under competition

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of salt stress and competition on the development and growth of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa var. iceberg). The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions with 50% interception of solar radiation. Iceberg lettuce seedlings were transplanted to 8-liter pots with surface area of 4.9 dm2 filled with 5 kg of a substrate composed of soil, sand, and manure at the ratio of 3:1:1 v v-1. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement (six salinity levels and one or two plants per pot), and three replications. An electrical conductivity meter was used to determine the salinity level; NaCl was added to the water until reaching 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS m-1. The lettuce plants were sensitive to salt stress; however, the plants can be irrigated with brackish water with electrical conductivity equal to or lower than 2 dS m-1 without significant decreases in shoot fresh weight, therefore meeting the social demand for use low quality water in agriculture. The morphophysiological plasticity of lettuce plants increases the competitive potential of plants in high density crops, with one plant per 2.45 dm2

Image processing and area estimation of chia (Salvia hispanica L.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) leaves based on statistical and intelligent methods

The leaf area (LA) is essential for interception of solar radiation and is determinant factor in plant photosynthesis and penetration of light in the canopy and the plant growth rate. In this research, we assessed the robustness of models on an independent set of data in chia (Salvia hispanica L.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). The number of 1000 leaves from each plants were selected from different levels of the canopy during the growth period and immediately transferred to the laboratory and prepared for imaging. After the LA was calculated using image processing system, regression and artificial intelligence methods were considered to LA estimation. Out of 47 evaluated regression models, a+b((L+W) 2 model explained more than 95% of phenotypic variation of LA for three plants (L and W represented length and width of leaf respectively). Among the various training algorithms studied, the trained neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation training algorithm had the lowest MSE error and R2 value more than 0.98 in estimating the LA of quinoa, chia and bitter melon plants. In this study, prediction of LA of chia and quinoa with ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) system indicated that using this system LA is estimated with high accuracy (R2 > 98%). Generally, results showed that methods based on artificial intelligence can estimate the LA in an acceptable manner. This research application codes can be used to generate an application on a smartphone to calculate the LA of chia, quinoa, and bitter melon.

Towards the maximization of energy performance of an energy-saving Chinese solar greenhouse: A systematic analysis of common greenhouse shapes

Determining the optimal shape for greenhouses that is suitable for cold northern regions is essential for non-seasonal fruit production. In the present study, a structural model was developed for energy-saving Chinese solar greenhouses (ECSG), which combines a greenhouse energy balance model with a detailed shape analysis. All possible greenhouse shape interpolations within four common front shape extrema were systematically analysed to determine an optimal ECSG shape with a maximal energy performance for use during winter. The analysis revealed a direct relationship between the interception of solar radiation in the greenhouse and the height of the ridge. Our results indicated that the flatter the curve of the front cover, the more radiation is intercepted by the ground and north wall of the greenhouse. As a result, compared to the commonly used greenhouse type, two types of optimal ECSG shapes were identified, each attaining an increase of 2°C in the minimum night temperature. The general model framework developed in this study allows the investigation of the effects of different variations in the many small detailed interpolation shapes of ECSGs for any arbitrary latitude which can be used directly to provide guidance for the construction of a new generation of energy-efficient solar greenhouses. Also, with the interpolation method proposed in this paper, large-scale shape statistical analysis now can be performed to help qualified decision-making during the process of greenhouse construction.

Evaluation of the radish Vikima cultivar growth stages by regression models in spring planting at Gorgan city.

Growth analysis is considered a valuable method for quantitative assessment of growth, development, and agricultural crop development as well as a powerful method for measuring/estimating long term photosynthesis net assimilation/production. Among growth-related parameters/characteristics, the value of dry matter is considered a determining factor due to higher economic importance. The pattern of dry matter/weight distribution in different plant parts is followed by agricultural crops development stages. Studies of growth and dry matter accumulation in different agricultural crops show that dry matter production is dependent/ related to leaf area index, solar radiation interception during growth stages, and plant utilization of solar radiation. The experiment was carried out in a factorial-RBD design with three replications at research farm of Gorgan Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences University located at 5 Km to Kordkoy-Gorgan old street. The sown radish cultivar was Vikima which is a short-duration variety, market-choice and of small aerial canopy volume. The plot size was 4 m2 and each compromised of 10 rows. Row to row distance and plant to plant distance were 20 and 5 cm, respectively. 400 seeds were sown in each plot. Generally, with an assessment of the study traits variability, it could be concluded that radish Vikima cultivar by 5th leaf emergence, till day 27, produces leaf in an identical sequence. Later on, from day 37 onwards it produces leaves at a high-rate pace and from day 34 the tuber root which increases its diameter, length, and volume uniformly at the same time with the leaf expansion, starts rapidly to increase its fresh and dryness weights. Further, the weight gaining of tuber roots will start from day 34 onwards. In addition, based on found equations, variation of each study trait can be predicted from sowing time till 45 days.