Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 In Patients Research Articles

Study of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients with Sepsis in Medical Intensive Care Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals and its Relation to the Clinical Outcome

Study of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients with Sepsis in Medical Intensive Care Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals and its Relation to the Clinical Outcome

MiR-126 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Negatively Correlates with Risk and Severity and is Associated with Inflammatory Cytokines as well as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of miR-126 with risk and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as its correlation with inflammatory cytokines and endothelial related proteins. Methods: In total, 215 patients suspected of CAD who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in this case control study and were divided into a CAD group (n = 119) and control group (n = 96). miR-126 relative expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The relative expression of miR-126 decreased in CAD patients compared to controls (p < 0.001), and the receiver operating characteristic curve showed a good diagnostic value of miR-126 for CAD risk with an area under the curve of 0.801 (95% CI 0.740-0.861). Additionally, miR-126 was negatively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (p < 0.001) and reversely associated with TNF-α (p = 0.008) and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels, while it was positively correlated with the IL-10 level (p < 0.001). In addition, miR-126 was negatively associated with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels (p = 0.001), and no association of miR-126 with vascular endothelial growth factor was detected (p = 0.142). Meanwhile, the miR-126 relative level was negatively associated with the Gensini score (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell miR-126 predicts risk and severity and correlates with inflammatory cytokines as well as ICAM-1 in patients with CAD.

The Serum Changes of Neuron-Specific Enolase and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients With Diffuse Axonal Injury Following Progesterone Administration: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BackgroundImprovement of neurologic outcome in progesterone-administered patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has been found in a recent study. Also, there has been interest in the importance of serum parameters as predictors of outcome in traumatic brain injury.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of progesterone administration on serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in clinical DAI.Patients and MethodsIn this study, the serum levels of ICAM-1 and NSE of 32 male DAI patients (18 - 60 years of age, a Glasgow coma scale of 12 or less, and admitted within 4 hours after injury) who were randomized for a controlled phase II trial of progesterone were analyzed. The analysis was performed between the control and progesterone groups at admission time, and 24 hours and six days after DAI, respectively.ResultsA reduction in the serum level of ICAM-1 was noticed in the progesterone group 24 hours after the injury (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum level of NSE between the study groups during evaluation. At 24 hours after the injury, the level of ICAM-1 in the control group was higher than that at admission time (P < 0.05). The lowest level of NSE in the two groups was seen six days after DAI (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn summary, progesterone administration reduced serum ICAM-1, and whereby may attenuate blood brain barrier disruption, the latter needs further investigation for confirmation.

Serum activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with gastric cancer: Can they be used as biomarkers?

Cellular adhesion molecules might be used as markers in diagnosis and prognosis in some types of malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the serum levels of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule-1 (ALCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Fifty-eight GC patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled into this study. Pretreatment serum markers were determined by the solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The median age at diagnosis was 59.5 years (range 32-82 years). Tumor localizations of the majority of the patients were antrum (n=42, 72.4%) and tumor histopathologies of the majority of the patients were diffuse (n=43, 74.1%). The majority of the patients had stage IV disease (n=41, 70.7%). Thirty six (62.1%) patients had lymph node involvement. The median follow-up time was 66 months (range 1-97.2 months). At the end of the observation period, 26 patients (44.8%) were dead. The median survival for all patients was 21.4±5 months (%95 CI, 11.5-31.3). The 1-year survival rates were 66.2%. The baseline serum ALCAM levels of the patients were significantly higher than those of the controls (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the serum levels of ICAM-1 between the patients and controls (p=0.232). No significant correlation was detected between the levels of the serum markers and other clinical parameters (p>0.05). Tumor localization (p=0.03), histopathology (p=0.05), and response to chemotherapy (p=0.003) had prognostic factors on survival. Neither serum ALCAM levels nor serum ICAM-1 levels were identified to have a prognostic role on overall survival (ICAM-1 p=0.6, ALCAM p=0.25). In conclusion, serum levels of ALCAM were found to have diagnostic value in GC patients.

Maternal serum uric acid concentration is associated with the expression of tumour necrosis factor-α and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with preeclampsia.

We aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between elevated serum uric acid (SUA) concentration and endothelial inflammatory response in women with preeclampsia (PE). On the basis of clinical and laboratory findings, patients were assigned to three groups: normal blood pressure (Control (Con)), gestational hypertension (GH) and PE (n=50 in each group). SUA concentration was measured by spectrophotometry, and serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were also used to detect the changes in TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression in subcutaneous fat tissue. PE patients showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with Con and GH pregnant women (P=0.02 and P=0.02, respectively). The changes of body mass index (ΔBMI) before and after pregnancy and 24-h urine protein were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.001). Maternal SUA, TNF-α and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) levels were significantly increased in the patients with PE (P<0.05) compared with the other two groups. Scatterplot analysis revealed that elevated SUA concentration positively correlated with TNF-α and sICAM-1 in pregnant women. Moreover, vessels in subcutaneous fat tissues of preeclamptic patients showed intense TNF-α and ICAM-1 staining compared with Con and GH patients. The results support that, to a certain extent, elevated SUA concentration is significantly associated with inflammation of maternal systemic vasculature as indicated by increased TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression in women with PE.

Investigation of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) gene expressions in patients with Barrett's esophagus

The adhesion molecules play a major role in inflammation as well as in neoplastic diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expressions of the adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-2, and ICAM-3, in Barrett's esophagus, recognized as a premalign lesion for esophageal cancer and related to inflammation. Eighteen patients with Barrett's esophagus according to endoscopy and 25 volunteers without Barrett's esophagus disease were included in the study. Tissue samples were supplied by biopsy and used for both gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis. The significance of the differences between the two groups was assessed by Student's t test. The ICAM-1 expression level was fivefold higher in the patient group compared with that of the control. There was an increase in the serum level of ICAM-1 in patients compared to that of the controls, but this increase was not significant. ICAM-2 levels were also increased in the patient group, but it was not significant. There was no difference between controls and patients in ICAM-3 levels. Significantly higher levels of ICAM-1 gene expression make us think that ICAM-1 may play an important role in Barrett's esophagus. We think that more studies, with larger patient groups and preferably detailed histopathological and clinical evaluations, are needed to explain the severity of ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and ICAM-3 molecules in Barrett's esophagus.

Dysregulation of the Microvasculature in Nonlesional Non-Sun-exposed Skin of Patients with Lupus Nephritis

Membrane endothelial protein C receptor (mEPCR) is highly expressed in peritubular capillaries of kidneys from patients with active and poorly responsive lupus nephritis (LN). We investigated the hypothesis that changes in the microvasculature are widespread with extension to the dermal vasculature. Skin biopsies from uninvolved skin (buttocks) were performed in 27 patients with LN and 5 healthy controls. Sections were stained with specific antibodies reactive with mEPCR, adiponectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and CD31; then assessed by enumeration of stained blood vessels (percentage positive blood vessels) blinded to knowledge of clinical information. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of blood vessels that stained for mEPCR and ICAM-1 in patients compared to controls [94% vs 59% (p = 0.045) and 81% vs 67% (p = 0.037), respectively]. Adiponectin staining and CD31 staining were similar between the groups (45% vs 43% and 98% vs 92%). Dermal staining for mEPCR was greater in patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis than in those with membranous disease (96% vs 60%; p = 0.029). A composite of poor prognostic renal markers and death was significantly associated with greater expression of mEPCR staining. These data are consistent with the notion that in patients with LN, activation of the microvasculature extends beyond the clinically targeted organ. The insidious expression of this widespread vasculopathy may be a contributor to longterm comorbidities.

Role of cell adhesion molecules in acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The expression of soluble adhesion molecules inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), besides activation of endothelial cells and transendothelial migration of leukocytes, play an important role in inflammation and progression of ischemic injury after acute stroke. The aim of this study was to determine serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in patients with acute ischemic stroke and controls and correlate them according to etiological subtypes (thromboembolic or lacunar stroke), stroke severity and disability after acute stroke.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Hospital-based prospective study of acute stroke patients hospitalized between December 2008 and September 2009 at the University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice in Zagreb, Croatia.METHODS:We enrolled 110 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 93 healthy individuals as controls. Serum concentrations of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were determined by means of quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Patients were classified according to etiological subtype, clinical severity of stroke and disability after stroke.RESULTS:There was no significant difference between levels of soluble adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in patients and in controls. Levels of VCAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with thromboembolic stroke than in controls. There was no significant correlation between levels of soluble adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and stroke severity and disability. There was marked biological interindividual variability in all patient groups.CONCLUSION:This study confirms the role of adhesion molecule VCAM-1 in the pathogenesis of acute thromboembolic stroke.

Supervised Exercise Training Reduces Plasma Levels of the Endothelial Inflammatory Markers E-Selectin and ICAM-1 in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease

Elevated plasma levels of vascular inflammatory markers have been reported in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We assessed the effect of supervised exercise training (ET) on vascular inflammation, hypothesizing that ET reduces plasma levels of the endothelial adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-I (VCAM-I). Twenty-nine patients with PAD underwent a supervised ET program for 8 weeks. Before and after ET, walking distances (pain-free, PWD; maximal, MWD) were determined by a standard treadmill test. Plasma levels of E-selectin and ICAM-I were significantly reduced (E-selectin: 45.5-40.4 ng/mL, P = .013); ICAM-I: 342.0-298.0 ng/mL, P = .016). VCAM-1 levels were unchanged. Walking distances increased significantly (PWD: median 77-150 m, P < .001; MWD: median 306-535 m, P < .001). In conclusion, 8 weeks of ET in patients with PAD reduces plasma levels of the specific endothelium-derived inflammatory markers E-selectin and ICAM-I.

Association between macular microcirculation and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with macular edema and retinal vein occlusion

In patients who have macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, the role of vasoactive molecules such as growth factors and the influence of molecules related to leukocyte adhesion need to be investigated further. A prospective study was performed to investigate the relations between perifoveal capillary blood flow velocity and the vitreous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in patients with macular edema and retinal vein occlusion. Undiluted vitreous specimens were obtained from 11 eyes of 11 patients with macular edema (nine had branch retinal vein occlusion and two had central retinal vein occlusion). VEGF and sICAM-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Before vitreous sampling, perifoveal capillary blood flow velocity was measured by fluorescein angiography with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope and the tracing method. The relations between perifoveal capillary blood flow velocity and the vitreous levels of VEGF and sICAM-1 were investigated. There was a significant correlation between perifoveal capillary blood flow velocity and the vitreous level of sICAM-1 (rho = -0.7303, p = 0.03). In contrast, there was no significant association between blood flow velocity and the vitreous level of VEGF (rho = -0.1458, p = 0.67). The vitreous level of sICAM-1 is associated with perifoveal capillary blood flow velocity in patients who have retinal vein occlusion and macular edema.

Relevance of Nutritional Route and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients With Acute Renal Failure and Its Prognostic Implications

Nutritional support and the route of nutrition are important conditions for patients with acute renal failure (ARF) in intensive care units (ICUs). Enteral nutrition (EN) is the primary route of nutrition in these patients because of a lower rate of complications. A lack of enteral feeding was reported to increase intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in experimental models. Serum soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) level is an independent predictor of mortality in predialysis patients. However, the effect of nutritional route on serum ICAM-1 level is unknown in ARF patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between route of nutrition and serum ICAM-1 level and its prognostic implications in ICU ARF patients. In total, 64 ICU patients with ARF were assessed according to their clinical features, route of nutrition, laboratory parameters, serum sICAM-1 levels, presence of infection, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III scores, and outcomes on their first nephrology consultation day. Thirty-two patients died during the follow-up period. The mortality rate and infection rate were higher in the parenteral nutrition (PN) group compared with the EN group (64% vs 42%, P = .05, and 84% vs 64%, P = .05, respectively). The route of nutrition influenced the serum sICAM-1 level. Parenteral nutrition was associated with a higher serum sICAM-1 level compared to EN (434 ng/mL [range 255 to 1,240] vs 217 ng/mL [range 123 to 296], respectively, P = .0004). The APACHE III score was found to be an independent prognostic factor among the parameters of nutritional route, presence of infection, serum albumin level, and serum sICAM-1 level. Patients with ARF as supported by PN had a lower serum albumin level, and a higher APACHE III score, sICAM-1 level, and mortality and infection rate. Serum sICAM-1 levels did not independently predict mortality in the present set of ARF patients.

Serum Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Comparison With Alcoholic Hepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes both nonalcoholic fatty liver (FL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It has previously been reported that alcoholic hepatitis, which shows morphological findings similar to that of NASH, leads to the onset of endotoxinemia and to an increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and/or interleukin-1 (IL-1) from macrophages. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1 induce strong expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) of the cell membranes of hepatocytes and/or sinusoidal endothelial cells, resulting in increased serum ICAM-1 levels in our previous study. In this study, we clarified the significance of serum ICAM-1 levels in patients with NAFLD, and especially in NASH. Thirty-three obese patients of NAFLD (FL: n=14, NASH: n=19) with no habit of drinking, 20 cases of alcoholic liver diseases (alcoholic hepatitis; ASH: n=10, alcoholic hepatic fibrosis; HF: n=10), and 10 healthy individuals were studied. Serum ICAM-1 concentrations were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassay in patients with NAFLD and alcoholic liver diseases. Potential factors were assessed for increase in serum ICAM-1 and a diagnostic tool for NASH including ICAM-1 levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-gluatmyl transferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, type-IV collagen, body mass index, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and existence of high blood pressure. The serum ICAM-1 level was significantly higher in the patients with NASH than in the patients with FL, and in the normal subjects. The serum ICAM-1 level was also significantly higher in the patients with ASH. The serum ICAM-1 level in the patients with ASH was remarkably high compared with that of the patients with NASH. No significant difference in serum ICAM-1 levels was found between the patients with NASH and those with HF. The serum ICAM-1 level was significantly higher in patients with high blood pressure than in those without high blood pressure in NAFLD. A multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression showed that high blood pressure and GGTP were the significant factors contributing to high serum ICAM-1 levels, while highly sensitive CRP and ICAM-1 were the significant factors for the diagnosis of NASH. The serum ICAM-1 concentration is increased in patients with NASH. The serum level of ICAM-1 in patients with NAFLD may be a useful marker for the diagnosis of NASH.

Clinical evaluation of serum concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with colorectal cancer

To investigate the correlation between the serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and the clinicopathologic features and to evaluate the possible prognostic significance of sICAM-1 concentration in colorectal cancer. A total of 56 patients (mean age 57.3 years) having transitional cell carcinoma of the colorectal and 25 control patients (mean age 42.6 years) were enrolled in the study. The serum samples of the patients were obtained on the day before surgery. Sera were obtained by centrifugation, and stored at -80 degrees C until assay. Serum concentrations of ICAM-1 were measured with enzyme-linked immunoassay. Differences between the two groups were analyzed by Student's t-test. No significant increase of serum sICAM-1 could be demonstrated in the Dukes A(1) patients (352.63+/-61.82 mug/L) compared to the control group (345.72+/-49.81 microg/L, P>0.05), Dukes A(1) patients (352.63+/-61.82 microg/L) compared to Dukes A(2,3) patients (491.17+/-86.36 microg/L, P<0.05). Furthermore, the patients with Dukes B had significantly higher serum concentrations of sICAM-1 than those of the control group (496.82+/-93.04 microg/L vs 345.72+/-49.81 microg/L, P<0.01). Compared with Dukes A(2,3), B colorectal cancer patients, patients with more advanced clinical stage (Dukes C and D) had higher levels of sICAM-1 (743.68+/-113.74 microg/L vs 491.17+/-86.36 microg/L and 496.82+/-93.04 microg/L, P<0.001). The difference was statistically significant in sICAM-1 levels between patients with positive lymph node status and those without lymph node involvement (756.25+/-125.57 microg/L vs 445.62+/-69.18 microg/L, P<0.001). Patients with poorly differentiated colorectal cancer had a higher level of sICAM-1 than those with differentiated and highly differentiated cancer (736.49+/-121.97 microg/L vs 410.23+/-67.47 microg/L, P<0.001). In this study, serum ICAM-1 levels were found to be related to tumor presence, clinical stages, and grade. Increased ICAM-1 in patients with colorectal cancer which should be considered when the diagnostic and/or prognostic usefulness of soluble ICAM-1 is to be evaluated. sICAM-1 should prove useful for monitoring malignant disease stage and for evaluating the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches for colorectal carcinomas.

Diurnal Variation of Soluble E- and P-Selectin, and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients with and without Coronary Artery Disease

Background: The more frequent onset of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the morning has been known for a long time. Diurnal changes of fibrinolysis such as lower activity of tissue plasminogen activator and higher activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the morning has been demonstrated previously and correspond with the manifestation of ACS. Less is known about the diurnal variation of soluble adhesion molecules as markers of endothelial or platelet activity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients and Methods: 80 patients with a history of myocardial infarction and/or chest pain with positive exercise testing admitted for elective coronary angiography were studied. 10 had normal findings on coronary angiography (control group), 70 patients had at least one or more stenoses ≧50% of the diameter of an epicardial vessel. None of the patients suffered from acute inflammation, connective or tumor disease. Blood samples were drawn at 7:00 a.m. and at 7:00 p.m. at rest and plasma concentration of soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), E-selectin (sE-selectin), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and acute-phase proteins were measured by ELISA. Results: In both groups, no diurnal variation was found in sE-selectin and sICAM-1. sP-selectin levels were significantly higher in the evening (CAD group: 149.8 ± 54.5 vs. 172.2 ± 68.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001; control: 148.7 ± 75.5 vs. 187.5 ± 96.3 ng/ml, p = 0.001, Wilcoxon test). Conclusion: We have demonstrated diurnal variation of sP-selectin in patients with CAD. We conclude that high sP-selectin values in the evening represent the shed forms of the morning membrane-bound P-selectin.

458 Aldosterone antagonism reduces circulating interleukin-6 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with advanced chronic heart failure

458 Aldosterone antagonism reduces circulating interleukin-6 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with advanced chronic heart failure

Percutaneous Transluminal Mitral Valvuloplasty Reduces Circulating Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

The circulating levels of adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), have been demonstrated to be elevated in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS). However, the impact of percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty (PTMV) on the elevated circulating levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in patients with MS has never been investigated. and results: A total of 19 patients with symptomatic MS undergoing PTMV were studied (group 1) [15 patients in chronic atrial fibrillation, and 4 patients in sinus rhythm]. The plasma levels of soluble VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the femoral vein and artery, and right and left atria before PTMV, and those in the peripheral venous blood at the 1-week and 4-week follow-ups after PTMV were determined by solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mitral valve area was calculated by means of the Doppler pressure half-time method. In addition, we measured plasma concentrations of soluble VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the peripheral venous blood samples obtained from 22 control patients (including 14 healthy volunteers in sinus rhythm [group 2] and 8 patients in chronic lone atrial fibrillation [group 3]). The plasma level of soluble VCAM-1 was significantly elevated in group 1 patients (1,205.4 +/- 462.4 ng/mL [mean +/- SD]) compared with group 2 (580.9 +/- 208.0 ng/mL) and group 3 patients (716.4 +/- 221.6 ng/mL) [p < 0.0001]. In group 1 patients, the plasma levels of soluble VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the left atrium did not differ from those in the right atrium, femoral vein, or femoral artery (p = 0.668 for VCAM-1, and p = 0.232 for ICAM-1). The area of mitral valve increased significantly after PTMV (1.08 +/- 0.14 cm(2) vs 1.48 +/- 0.33 cm(2), p < 0.0001). The mean left atrial pressure fell significantly after PTMV (22.9 +/- 5.2 mm Hg vs 17.7 +/- 6.0 mm Hg, p < 0.0001). The peripheral venous plasma level of soluble VCAM-1 obtained before PTMV fell significantly after PTMV (before, 1,205.4 +/- 462.4 ng/mL; 1 week after PTMV, 915.7 +/- 280.2 ng/mL; 4 weeks after PTMV, 859.0 +/- 298.7 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). In patients with moderate-to-severe MS, the venous plasma level of soluble VCAM-1 fell significantly after PTMV, and the elevated plasma soluble VCAM-1 concentration was associated with hemodynamic abnormality rather than with rheumatic activity.

Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with cerebral infarct

To observe the changes of the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) in serum of patients with cerebral infarct and to explore the effect of sICAM-1 on cerebral infarct. The serum levels of sICAM-1 in 55 patients with cerebral infarct both in acute stage(within 2 days) and convalescence(2 weeks after attack) were detected by using ELISA. At the same time, we compare the results with those of 32 patients having other neurologic diseases(20 patients with sciatica, 12 with trigeminal neuralgia) and 30 healthy subjects. (1) The serum levels of sICAM-1 of patients with cerebral infarct (acute stage: 766+/-179 microgram/L, convalescence: 602+/-155 microgram/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the control groups(530+/-77 microgram/L and 521+/-116 microgram/L, respectively, P<0.01). (2)There was a positive correlation of SICAM levels with the amount of leukocytes in acute stage(r=0.285,P<0.05), but negative correlation to clinical severity of cerebral infarct(r= 0.333,P<0.05). And there was no significant correlation between the level of sICAM-1 and the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum(r= 0.042 and r=0.061, respectively, P>0.05). (3)There was no significant difference between sICAM levels of patients of cerebral cortex infarct and those of patients with basal ganglia infarct(773+/-178 microgram/L and 758+/-183 microgram/L, respectively, P>0.05). (4)The levels of sICAM-1 between patients of cerebral infarct with or without hypertension were no significant difference(774+/-189 microgram/L and 754+/-165 microgram/L, respectively, P>0.05). The levels of sICAM-1 increase significantly in patients with cerebral infarct. sICAM-1 may participate in the pathophysiologic process through inflammatory mechanism.

Rise in serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels with vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Proinflammatory adhesion molecule expression has been demonstrated to be elevated in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recent studies have shown that elevations in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) may be predictive of poor outcome in patients with good grade (Hunt and Hess Grades 1-2) aneurysmal SAH at delayed time points that correspond with the risk period for cerebral vasospasm. In addition, ICAM-1 is upregulated in experimental models of vasospasm. Unfortunately, the relationship of adhesion molecule expression to human vasospasm remains unclear. The authors hypothesized that the delayed elevation of soluble ICAM-1 in patients with aneurysmal SAH is associated with the development of cerebral vasospasm. Eighty-nine patients with aneurysmal SAH were prospectively enrolled in a study and stratified according to the presence or absence of vasospasm, as evidenced by daily monitoring of transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities (presence, > 200 cm/second; absence, < 120 cm/second). Levels of soluble ICAM-1 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay every other day for 12 days post-SAH. An analysis of covariance model was used to evaluate trends in soluble ICAM-1 levels from 2 days prior to 6 days after the occurrence of documented vasospasm. Two groups of patients, matched for admission admission Hunt and Hess grade, were compared: nine patients with TCD velocities greater than 200 cm/second and nine patients with TCD velocities less than 120 cm/second. From among the patients with TCD velocities greater than 200 cm/second six patients with angiographically documented vasospasm were selected. Patients with TCD velocities less than 120 cm/second and matched admission Hunt and Hess grades but without angiographically documented vasospasm were selected. Patients with TCD-demonstrated vasospasm showed a significant mean rate of rise (p < 0.01) in soluble ICAM-1 levels during the perivasospasm period, but admission Hunt and Hess grade-matched control patients did not (p = not significant [NS]). There was a significant difference between these groups' rates of soluble ICAM increase (p < 0.01). Patients with both TCD- and angiographically demonstrated vasospasm likewise showed a highly significant mean rate of increase in soluble ICAM-1 levels during the perivasospasm period (p < 0.01), whereas admission Hunt and Hess grade-matched controls did not (p = NS). The difference beween these groups' rates of increase was highly significant (p < 0.001). These data suggest a role for ICAM-1 in the pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm or its ischemic sequelae. As this relationship is further elucidated, adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 may provide novel therapeutic targets in the prevention of vasospasm or its ischemic consequences.

Cell Adhesion Proteins As Tumor Suppressors

We summarize recent progress on the role of cell adhesion molecules in biology and discuss the potential application of cell adhesion molecules for managing urological cancer. We comprehensively reviewed the literature from 1982 to 2001, including peer reviewed publications and recent abstracts from national meetings, relevant to cell adhesion molecules in urological cancer. A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations in the adhesion properties of neoplastic cells have a pivotal role in the development and progression of cancer. Loss of intercellular adhesion and desquamation of cells from the underlying lamina propria allows malignant cells to escape from their site of origin, degrade the extracellular matrix, acquire a more motile and invasion phenotype, and invade and metastasize. In addition to participating in tumor invasiveness and metastasis, adhesion molecules regulate or significantly contribute to various functions, including signal transduction, cell growth, differentiation, site specific gene expression, morphogenesis, immunological function, cell motility, wound healing and inflammation. To date a diverse system of transmembrane glycoproteins has been identified that mediates cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. The main families of adhesion molecules include members of the Ig superfamily, cadherins, integrins and selectins. Multiple and diverse cell adhesion molecules participate in intercellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions of cancer. Cancer progression is a multistep process, in which some adhesion molecules have a pivotal role in the development of recurrent, invasive and distant metastasis. Recent data implicate some of these molecules in cell signaling and tumor suppression, which has important consequences for tumor growth.

Interleukin-8 and Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by dysregulated local immune defense with constant influx of leucocytes , providing a basis for continuous intestinal inflammation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the serum and intestinal concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and their correlation with the disease activity. Twenty eight patients with ulcerative colitis (16 with active and 12 with inactive disease) and 12 subjects as a control group were included in the study .The patients and control group were subjected to the following investigations: colonoscopy and obtaining biopsy specimens , histopathological examination of biopsy specimen for assessment of disease activity score, assay of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), assay of IL-8 and sICAM-1 levels in sera and colonic biopsy specimens. The results showed that the serum and tissue IL-8 concentrations were significantly increased in patients with active UC as compared to control group (p 0.05). The results of sICAM-1 in sera and colonic mucosa showed significant increase in patients with active UC as compared to the control group (p 0.05). Both IL-8 and sICAM-1 whether in sera or in tissue showed significant positive correlations with disease activity score and the inflammatory markers , (ESR and CRP) in patients with active UC. IL-8 in sera and tissue also showed significant positive correlation with sICAM-1 in patients with active UC. In conclusion, both IL-8 and sICAM-1 showed significant increase in patients with active ulcerative colitis as compared to control group and inactive cases , denoting that they might play a role in the inflammatory response and tissue destruction and that the assay of their serum levels could be simple, non-invasive tests for monitoring the disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis.