Interactive Web Pages Research Articles

Remote Sensing and Assessment of Compound Groundwater Flooding Using an End-to-End Wireless Environmental Sensor Network and Data Model at a Coastal Cultural Heritage Site in Portsmouth, NH.

The effects of climate change in the forms of rising sea levels and increased frequency of storms and storm surges are being noticed across many coastal communities around the United States. These increases are impacting the timing and frequency of tidal and rainfall influenced compound groundwater flooding events. These types of events can be exemplified by the recent and ongoing occurrence of groundwater flooding within building basements at the historic Strawbery Banke Museum (SBM) living history campus in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Fresh water and saline groundwater intrusion within basements of historic structures can be destructive to foundations, mortar, joists, fasteners, and the overlaying wood structure. Although this is the case, there appears to be a dearth of research that examines the use of wireless streaming sensor networks to monitor and assess groundwater inundation within historic buildings in near-real time. Within the current study, we designed and deployed a three-sensor latitudinal network at the SBM. This network includes the deployment and remote monitoring of water level sensors in the basements of two historic structures 120 and 240 m from the river, as well as one sensor within the river itself. Groundwater salinity levels were also monitored within the basements of the two historic buildings. Assessments and model results from the recorded sensor data provided evidence of both terrestrial rainfall and tidal influences on the flooding at SBM. Understanding the sources of compound flooding within historic buildings can allow site managers to mitigate better and adapt to the effects of current and future flooding events. Data and results of this work are available via the project's interactive webpage and through a public touchscreen kiosk interface developed for and deployed within the SBM Rowland Gallery's "Water Has a Memory" exhibit.

A Study on the Use of Interactive Web Pages in Enhancing Speaking Skill among English Majored Students

This research paper investigates the effectiveness of interactive web pages as a supplementary tool for enhancing speaking skills among non-English majored students. By using survey research design with 122 students of English at The Banking Academy of Vietnam, the findings reveal some interesting results. Fluency aspect was believed the most beneficial aspect that interactive web pages can bring for students (M=4.01). Meanwhile, pronunciation obtained the least contribution to the improvement of speaking ability (M=2.69). However, further analysis indicated that the contributions of speaking aspects varied according to years of study. The mean of pronunciation aspect for Year1 (M = 3.57, SD = 0.58) was significantly larger than for Year 2 (M = 2.80, SD = 0.62), p < .001 and was significantly larger than for Year 3 (M = 2.21, SD = 0.38), p < .001. The result shows that students of year 1 believed that pronunciation was most enhanced through the use of interactive web pages (M=3.57) compared to M= 2.80; M=2.21 for year 2 and year 3 students respectively. The finding also reveals that the habits of using interactive web pages varied according to duration of study, i.e. first year students used pages to enhance speaking ability the least (M= 1.91) while the second year students use the most, M=4.33. The findings indicate that interactive web pages can significantly contribute to improving speaking skills among English majored students, providing valuable insights for educators and curriculum developers.

Knowledge-based query system for the critical minerals

Critical minerals are increasingly used in advanced, modern technologies. Exploration for these minerals require efficient mechanisms to search for the latest geological knowledge about the petrogenesis and spatial distribution of these essential resources. Although the current text-based deposit classification schemes help geoscientists to understand how and where these critical minerals form, they cannot easily be queried by software without extensive natural language processing and knowledge modeling. Ontologies can explicitly specify the knowledge scattered in the texts and tables of these schemes and the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) database by way of logical structures whose results can automatically be processed and queried. They can also draw new knowledge by inference from the ones that are explicitly specified in them. These qualities make ontologies a perfect choice for digital knowledge storage, search, and extraction. The Critical Minerals Ontology (CMO) is described herein by reusing the logical class and property structures of the top-level Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and mid-level Common Core Ontologies (CCO) and Relation Ontology (RO). The CMO formally models the knowledge about the critical mineral systems using the latest deposit classification scheme and the CMMI database schema. The ontology specifies the geochemical and geological processes that operate in various geotectonic environments of mineral systems to form the critical minerals in different deposit types. It models the properties of both the host minerals that contain the rare-earth elements and those that bear other types of elements. The CMO also represents uses of specific critical minerals in the manufacturing of industrial products, their alternate substitutes, and countries that produce, import, and export them. A query system, applying the Python programming language, accesses the knowledge modeled in the CMO and allows users through interactive web pages to query the ontology and extract different types of information from it. The ontology and the query system are useful for research in ore mineralogy and critical mineral prospecting. The information modeled by the ontology and served by the query system allows users to classify their ore specimen data into specific deposit types.

Establishment and verification of invasion syndrome prediction model in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess

Objective: To analyze the correlative factors of invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess, and to construct and verify the online nomographic prediction model. Methods: A case control study. The clinical data of 213 diabetic patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the training set (149 cases) and the test set (64 cases) by stratified random sampling method at a ratio of 7∶3. Synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE) was used to process the imbalanced data, then Lasso regression was used to screen out the optimal feature variables in the training set and multivariate logistic regression model was used to construct the prediction model of invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess, and verify it in the training set and test set. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of the model, and the simple and online interactive dynamic web page column graph was constructed. Results: Among the 213 patients, 60 were males and 153 were females, aged of (61.4±12.0) years. A total of 25(11.74%) diabetic patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess developed invasion syndrome, which were included in divided into invasive K.pneumoniae liver abscesses syndrome (IKPLAS) group, and the other 188 cases were in without invasive K.pneumoniae liver abscesses syndrome (NIKPLAS) group. SMOTE algorithm was used for oversampling processing, so that the ratio of positive and negative samples was 1∶1. In the oversampling training set, 5 main risk factors were screened based on Lasso regression, namely fasting blood glucose (λ=0.063), hemoglobin (λ=-0.042), blood urea nitrogen (λ=-0.050), abscess size (λ=-0.025) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (λ=0.450), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that fasting blood glucose (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 0.98-1.48, P=0.006), hemoglobin (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.86-0.95, P<0.001), blood urea nitrogen (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.03-1.43, P=0.017), abscess diameter (OR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.61-0.94, P=0.010), SOFA score (OR=3.08, 95%CI: 2.18-4.36, P<0.001) were associated with invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess. The area under the curve of ROC in the training set was 0.966 (95%CI: 0.943-0.989), the sensitivity was 90.5%, and the specificity was 91.3%. The area under the curve of the validation set ROC was 0.946 (95%CI: 0.902-0.991), with a sensitivity of 79.6% and a specificity of 88.9%. The calibration curves drawn in the training set and the test set fit well with the ideal curve. DCA showed that the neomorph prediction model had a good clinical net benefit when predicting the risk of IKPLAS in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess was 0.10-0.40. Conclusions: Fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin, urea nitrogen, abscess size and SOFA score are the related factors for invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess. The constructed column graph can effectively predict the risk of invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiae pneumoniae liver abscess.

Early development of a set of interactive tools for undergraduate acoustics education

Using interactive learning materials has been found to increase the efficiency of teaching math and physics concepts fundamental to acoustic phenomena; this presentation will discuss work done to explore their use in undergraduate acoustics courses. During the Spring 2024 semester at Penn State, three undergraduate courses in acoustics were offered, each aimed at different types of students at differing levels of mathematical rigor. These were: a general education elective for freshmen from non-STEM majors, a sophomore/junior level course required for communication science disorders majors, and a junior/senior elective for STEM majors. Observation of each class during the semester identified a variety of topics for which a web-based interactive tool could improve student understanding and engagement. This talk will discuss some of the topics identified as potentially benefiting from an online interactive tool, with a specific focus on one interactive webpage which may serve as an example template for the style and delivery of future developments. This specific interactive webpage explains basic trigonometric functions in a manner approachable by students at any level of mathematical confidence, by illustrating geometric implications with interactive graphs, explaining with a conversational tone, and addressing the etymology of some of the mathematical terms.

A new method for deriving broad-band polar motion geodetic excitations

While the geodetic excitation χ(t) of polar motion p(t) is essential to improve our understanding of global mass redistributions and relative motions with respect to the terrestrial frame, the widely adopted method to derive χ(t) from p(t) has biases in both amplitude and phase responses. This study has developed a new simple but more accurate method based on the combination of the frequency- and time-domain Liouville's equation (FTLE). The FTLE method has been validated not only with 6-h sampled synthetic excitation series but also with daily and 6-h sampled polar motion measurements as well as χ(t) produced by the interactive webpage tool of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). Numerical comparisons demonstrate that χ(t) derived from the FTLE method has superior performances in both the time and frequency domains with respect to that obtained from the widely adopted method or the IERS webpage tool, provided that the input p(t) series has a length around or more than 25 years, which presents no practical limitations since the necessary polar motion data are readily available. The FTLE code is provided in the form of MatLab function.

JAVASCRIPT: РАЗРАБОТКА ИНТЕРАКТИВНЫХ ВЕБ-СТРАНИЦ С ПОМОЩЬЮ JAVASCRIPT

The article explores the key aspects of using JavaScript for creating interactive web pages. It discusses fundamental concepts of the language, such as working with variables, functions, objects, and asynchronous programming. The interaction of JavaScript with the DOM is described for manipulating page elements and handling user events. Approaches to developing single-page applications (SPA) using modern frameworks are examined, as well as issues related to the performance and security of web applications. The prospects for the development of the language and its future impact on web technologies are also discussed.

The Influence of JavaScript, on Website Development and User Experience

Abstract: JavaScript, a programming language has brought about a revolution in the construction of websites and web applications. Its capability to generate interactive web pages while enabling real time user interaction has made it an indispensable tool for developers. This article delves into the impact of JavaScript on website design and development highlighting its contributions to user experience. Additionally it emphasizes the importance of research and development in this field.

Facilitating Harmonization of Variables in Framingham, MESA, ARIC, and REGARDS Studies Through a Metadata Repository.

High-quality research in cardiovascular prevention, as in other fields, requires inclusion of a broad range of data sets from different sources. Integrating and harmonizing different data sources are essential to increase generalizability, sample size, and representation of understudied populations-strengthening the evidence for the scientific questions being addressed. Here, we describe an effort to build an open-access repository and interactive online portal for researchers to access the metadata and code harmonizing data from 4 well-known cohort studies-the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study, FHS (Framingham Heart Study), MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), and ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. We introduce a methodology and a framework used for preprocessing and harmonizing variables from multiple studies. We provide a real-case study and step-by-step guidance to demonstrate the practical utility of our repository and interactive web page. In addition to our successful development of such an open-access repository and interactive web page, this exercise in harmonizing data from multiple cohort studies has revealed several key themes. These themes include the importance of careful preprocessing and harmonization of variables, the value of creating an open-access repository to facilitate collaboration and reproducibility, and the potential for using harmonized data to address important scientific questions and disparities in cardiovascular disease research. By integrating and harmonizing these large-scale cohort studies, such a repository may improve the statistical power and representation of understudied cohorts, enabling development and validation of risk prediction models, identification and investigation of risk factors, and creating a platform for racial disparities research. URL: https://precision.heart.org/duke-ninds.

RANCANG BANGUN E-INVENTORY SPARE PART KAPAL BERBASIS CODEIGNITER PADA PT PELAYARAN NASIONAL SANDICO OCEAN LINE BATAM

With the rapid advancement of information technology, computers have become highly useful devices for humans in various fields. In the context of companies, an inventory system is needed to ensure smooth operational activities. Inventory encompasses a complete list of items owned by an office, institution, factory, or company, and is used to carry out specific tasks. PT Pelayaran Nasional Sandico Ocean Line Batam is one company that still uses a manual or conventional inventory system to record ship spare parts inventory. Therefore, a web-based information system is proposed to replace the existing system. In the development of this website, the PHP programming language is used to create dynamic and interactive web pages. For the framework, Codeigniter is chosen based on the previously explained concepts. Codeigniter is selected as one of the best frameworks for building web applications because it provides various tools that aid in faster development, a stable structure, and ease of maintenance. The development of this Codeigniter-based website aims to assist developers in efficiently building web applications. By using Codeigniter, developers can easily handle complex PHP code, seamlessly integrate components, and achieve useful functionality with simple configuration.&#x0D;

IESDB – the Iberian Evaporite Structure Database

Abstract. Evaporites flow in the solid state under relatively low differential stress and have unique mechanical properties compared to other sedimentary rocks. Worldwide, they control the structural and stratigraphical architecture of many basins and orogens in ancient and active tectonic settings. Moreover, they host mineral deposits and play a key role in petroleum systems because they typically act as seals due to their low permeability, and their ability to flow results in the formation of structural hydrocarbon traps such as folds and faults in their encasing rocks. Additionally, evaporite structures can be used as subsurface storage sites for geo-energy applications and nuclear waste. The systematic characterisation of subsurface evaporite structures is thus key for the development of geoscience-based technologies to address societal challenges. Owing to their value, massive amounts of surface and subsurface information about (among others) the stratigraphy, structure, geochemistry, and petrophysical properties of evaporite structures and their surrounding rocks have been acquired by Earth scientists, petroleum and mining exploration companies, and geological surveys. However, the data often appear segregated (i.e. in the form of database fragments, scientific articles, and unpublished reports), are not systematically organised, and are sometimes not fully accessible. This contribution presents the Iberian Evaporite Structure Database (IESDB), the first comprehensive assessment that focuses on evaporite structures carried out in any region of the world. The IESDB includes information and figures for 150 evaporite structures and their surrounding rocks inventoried in Spain and Portugal and is sourced from other six thematic databases and more than 1500 published and unpublished scientific documents. The database targets undeformed to slightly deformed evaporite successions, outcropping and buried diapirs, evaporite-cored anticlines, evaporite-detached thrusts, and allochthonous evaporite bodies. Collated data include information about the structure, stratigraphy, event chronology, surface and subsurface data availability, mining activity, and key bibliographic references. The IESDB follows the FAIR principles of database management (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) and is presented as an interactive web page and an open-access database, where indexed structures can easily be selected from a map or browser and filtered by a search engine. The IESDB intends to be a useful resource for teaching (i.e. pointing out examples of exceptional evaporite outcrops), academic and industry research (i.e. identifying knowledge deficits on specific structures or tectonic settings), and for the sustainable exploration and appraisal of mineral resources and geo-energy applications (i.e. representing a terminus a quo for site selection and suitability assessment). The framework provided by the IESDB is an opportunity to enhance the scientific research on Iberian evaporite structures in Spain and Portugal and to take advantage of their scientific and economic potential to tackle important societal challenges faced by these countries. The IESDB is freely available at https://iesdb.eu (last access: 15 June 2023) and the datasets can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/14586 (González-Esvertit et al., 2022).

Illuminate the Functions of Dark Proteins Using the Reactome-IDG Web Portal.

Understudied or dark proteins have the potential to shed light on as-yet undiscovered molecular mechanisms that underlie phenotypes and suggest innovative therapeutic approaches for many diseases. The Reactome-IDG (Illuminating the Druggable Genome) project aims to place dark proteins in the context of manually curated, highly reliable pathways in Reactome, the most comprehensive, open-source biological pathway knowledgebase, facilitating the understanding functions and predicting therapeutic potentials of dark proteins. The Reactome-IDG web portal, deployed at https://idg.reactome.org, provides a simple, interactive web page for users to search pathways that may functionally interact with dark proteins, enabling the prediction of functions of dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways. Enhanced visualization features implemented at the portal allow users to investigate the functional contexts for dark proteins based on tissue-specific gene or protein expression, drug-target interactions, or protein or gene pairwise relationships in the original Reactome's systems biology graph notation (SBGN) diagrams or the new simplified functional interaction (FI) network view of pathways. The protocols in this chapter describe step-by-step procedures to use the web portal to learn biological functions of dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Search for interacting pathways of a protein Support Protocol: Interacting pathway results for an annotated protein Alternate Protocol: Use individual pairwise relationships to predict interacting pathways of a protein Basic Protocol 2: Using the IDG pathway browser to study interacting pathways Basic Protocol 3: Overlaying tissue-specific expression data Basic Protocol 4: Overlaying protein/gene pairwise relationships in the pathway context Basic Protocol 5: Visualizing drug/target interactions.

Interactive System for Gender Classification

Abstract: A study on the detection of gender, based on voice using artificial neural networks. In today’s fast-moving world Gender classification through voice plays an important role to enhance performance in Speech recognition systems, Forensic investigation, and Marketing. The dataset has 3,168 recorded voice samples of male and female voices. The samples are produced by using acoustic analysis. The primary goal of the proposed model is to automate the system to identify gender based on the audio signals and to test the voice of a human on the spot. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) with ReLU activation function as a model has been trained to predict gender. Nadam optimizer is used for the optimization of neural networks, K-Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Machines are trained on the dataset of 3,168 records. The obtained best accuracy is 97% on the given dataset by MLP algorithm. An Interactive web page has been built to test the voice without interruption and to predict its gender. 125 real time samples are tested out of which model could classify every record into male/female. 19 male records are incorrectly classified.

Vaccination strategies in structured populations under partial immunity and reinfection

Optimal protocols of vaccine administration to minimize the effects of infectious diseases depend on a number of variables that admit different degrees of control. Examples include the characteristics of the disease and how it impacts on different groups of individuals as a function of sex, age or socioeconomic status, its transmission mode, or the demographic structure of the affected population. Here we introduce a compartmental model of infection propagation with vaccination and reinfection and analyze the effect that variations on the rates of these two processes have on the progression of the disease and on the number of fatalities. The population is split into two groups to highlight the overall effects on disease caused by different relationships between vaccine administration and various demographic structures. As a practical example, we study COVID-19 dynamics in various countries using real demographic data. The model can be easily applied to any other disease transmitted through direct interaction between infected and susceptible individuals, and any demographic structure, through a suitable estimation of parameter values. Two main conclusions stand out. First, the higher the fraction of reinfected individuals, the higher the likelihood that the disease becomes quasi-endemic. Second, optimal vaccine roll-out depends on demographic structure and disease fatality, so there is no unique vaccination protocol, valid for all countries, that minimizes the effects of a specific disease. Simulations of the general model can be carried out at this interactive webpage Atienza (2021 S2iyrd model simulator).

RNAprofiling 2.0: Enhanced Cluster Analysis of Structural Ensembles

Understanding the base pairing of an RNA sequence provides insight into its molecular structure. By mining suboptimal sampling data, RNAprofiling 1.0 identifies the dominant helices in low-energy secondary structures as features, organizes them into profiles which partition the Boltzmann sample, and highlights key similarities/differences among the most informative, i.e. selected, profiles in a graphical format. Version 2.0 enhances every step of this approach. First, the featured substructures are expanded from helices to stems. Second, profile selection includes low-frequency pairings similar to featured ones. In conjunction, these updates extend the utility of the method to sequences up to length 600, as evaluated over a sizable dataset. Third, relationships are visualized in a decision tree which highlights the most important structural differences. Finally, this cluster analysis is made accessible to experimental researchers in a portable format as an interactive webpage, permitting a much greater understanding of trade-offs among different possible base pairing combinations.

A Semantics-Based Clustering Approach for Online Laboratories Using K-Means and HAC Algorithms

Due to the availability of a vast amount of unstructured data in various forms (e.g., the web, social networks, etc.), the clustering of text documents has become increasingly important. Traditional clustering algorithms have not been able to solve this problem because the semantic relationships between words could not accurately represent the meaning of the documents. Thus, semantic document clustering has been extensively utilized to enhance the quality of text clustering. This method is called unsupervised learning and it involves grouping documents based on their meaning, not on common keywords. This paper introduces a new method that groups documents from online laboratory repositories based on the semantic similarity approach. In this work, the dataset is collected first by crawling the short real-time descriptions of the online laboratories’ repositories from the Web. A vector space is created using frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and clustering is done using the K-Means and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) algorithms with different linkages. Three scenarios are considered: without preprocessing (WoPP); preprocessing with steaming (PPwS); and preprocessing without steaming (PPWoS). Several metrics have been used for evaluating experiments: Silhouette average, purity, V-measure, F1-measure, accuracy score, homogeneity score, completeness and NMI score (consisting of five datasets: online labs, 20 NewsGroups, Txt_sentoken, NLTK_Brown and NLTK_Reuters). Finally, by creating an interactive webpage, the results of the proposed work are contrasted and visualized.

PS-C20-1: NIGHT-TIME BLOOD PRESSURE-LOWERING DRUG TREATMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN DIABETES: A PROPOSED RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Rationale: An increase of 20 mmHg in night-time blood pressure (BP) and a pattern of a higher BP at night than during the day was independently associated with an increased risk of 21% and 48% cardiovascular disease respectively. This association was more likely to present in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Objectives: This proposed study aims to examine the effect of taking night-time BP lowering drug treatment targeting night-time BP profile as compared to the conventional once-daily morning dose on the prevention of cardiovascular disease event in diabetes. Design: A Prospective Randomized Open-label with Blinding of Endpoint assessment. Methods: Men and women diagnosed with type 2 DM patients who are 60 years or over in Australia will be included in the trial. As per the current Australia guideline, these individuals meet the criteria to initiate BP lowering drug treatment for CVD prevention. The trial will be conducted as a “digital clinical trial” for participant recruitment, retention and data collection through an interactive web page platform. Participants will be referred by their health practitioners. Eligible participants will be randomised to either night-time or morning dosing treatments with a 1:1 ratio: a) Taking all of their usual once-daily dose of BP-lowering medications at bedtime (between 20:00 and midnight) or b) Taking a once-daily dose of BP-lowering medications upon awakening (between 06:00 and 10:00). The primary endpoint is the occurrence of any first major CVD events after randomisation. We expect to complete the participant recruitment over the first two years and finalise the analysis after an average follow-up of 5 years. Results: We are finalising the project protocol and have applied the proposed project to relevant research grants. An ethics application has also been prepared. We plan to run a one -year pilot trial and then transfer to the full study. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study will contribute to Level 1 evidence on the effect of night-time BP-lowering drug treatment in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Due to the nature of pragmatic design, our research outcomes are straightforward and could be adopted in current practice without any further cost. Changing the ingestion time of BP-lowering drug treatment from morning to night-time is very cost-effective and promises to reduce the financial and clinical burden of CVD and DM on the healthcare system.

The EUROVOLC citizen-science tool: collecting volcano observations from Europe

During the European Commission-funded project EUROVOLC, our team has created an interactive webpage to collect citizen-science observations of volcanic events, and to visualise, map and download previously collected data.

Transparency and corruption: Measuring real transparency by a new index

AbstractDespite the salience of transparency in policy and democracy debates a global measurement of transparency has always been missing. In its absence, measuring the impact of transparency on accountability and corruption for a large number of countries has been difficult, with scholars using more or less adequate proxies. This paper introduces a new measurement of real transparency—the T‐index—using 14de factocomponents, based on direct observations of official websites in 129 countries and fivede jurecomponents, based on the transparency laws and conventions adopted. The resulting index is a measurement with very good internal and external validity and moderate precision. The paper argues thatde factotransparency must be considered alongsidede jure(legal) transparency if we are to judge the impact (or lack of) transparency against accountability and corruption, as a large implementation gap exists, in particular in poor countries, between legal commitments and real transparency. The T‐index has significant impact on both perception and objective indicators of corruption, including perceived change in corruption over time as measured by the Global Corruption Barometer. An analysis of outliers shows that high transparency alone is not sufficient to achieve control of corruption, especially in countries with low human development and poor rule of law, although transparency is a robust predictor of corruption with GDP controls. The data with all sources is available for download as T‐index 2022 dataset: DOI10.5281/zenodo.7225627and an interactive webpage developed for updates is available atwww.corruptionrisk.org/transparency.

A Comparison Study of Doctor-Patient Internet Interactions in Traditional and Modern Medicine: Empirical Evidence from Online Healthcare Communities

Online healthcare platforms serve not just as a medical knowledge-sharing community but also bring about effective interactions between professional physicians and patients. However, it is unclear whether online technology adoption affects such interactions in the same way between traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical departments. By utilizing a large sample of online doctor-patient interaction information from 168,870 doctor-specific interactive webpages recorded in a famous Chinese online healthcare community, this paper studies the differences between 17,513 traditional medicine doctor homepages and 151,357 others from more than 100 different specialty areas. Our chosen platform is representative since it covers about 800,000 physicians working at over 10,000 hospitals across all major provincial regions in China. We document that online medical service users tend to accept and use online health care services. However, patients seeing Chinese medicine doctors exhibit the following unique characteristics. They still prefer choosing doctors according to third-party information and may be reluctant to pay for the current online service price level. This problem is hard to overcome by the platform in the short run. Patients need a long-term process to adapt to the upgraded medical environment gradually. Therefore, establishing a personalized doctor recommendation system has become the most urgent demand presently.