Interactive Search Tool Research Articles

Potential prognostic value of ITPR1 in thyroid carcinoma: An integrated analysis

PurposeInositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type1 (ITPR1) is reported to play an important role in malignancy. We aim to explore the potential role of ITPR1 in thyroid carcinoma (THCA). MethodWe collected THCA tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues as well as clinical information from 99 patients with THCA (69 females and 30 males). Quantitative real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions and immunohistochemical were performed to investigate ITPR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression between THCA tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and the relationship between ITPR1 mRNA expression and clinical parameters were analyzed. Bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze ITPR1 in THCA from publicly available datasets including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus dataset, LinkedOmics, Kaplan Meier plotter, TNMplot, muTarget, TIMER, TIMER2, TISIDB, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. ResultsITPR1 mRNA and protein expression was down-regulated in THCA tissues. Low ITPR1 mRNA expression was associated with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, advanced stages, and BRAF mutation of TCHA patients. Moreover, the high mRNA expression of ITPR1 is unfavorable in patients with THCA. ITPR1 mRNA expression was positively associated with thyroid iodide-handling genes including TPO, PAX8, TG, TSHR and SLC5A5. And ITPR1 was an autophagy-gene in THCA and participated in autophagy-associated pathways. Additionally, ITPR1 may regulate proliferation capacity in THCA by interacting with microRNAs-144/221/222/101/500/501 and involve in drug resistance of cancer treatment via OCT1 family. ITPR1 was potentially correlated with infiltrating levels of tumor-immune cells and CXCL1/2/3/5/8/9/10/11/13/14/16/17. ConclusionThrough clinical data investigation and bioinformatic analysis, this work showed the potential role of ITPR1in carcinogenesis and diagnostic in THCA patients.

Associations of remote mental healthcare with clinical outcomes: a natural language processing enriched electronic health record data study protocol

IntroductionPeople often experience significant difficulties in receiving mental healthcare due to insufficient resources, stigma and lack of access to care. Remote care technology has the potential to overcome these barriers...

Suicidality in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and its association with receipt of specific secondary mental healthcare treatments

Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for suicidality (suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt). This study described the prevalence of suicidality amongst a representative sample of individuals with PTSD and the association between suicidality and receipt of five PTSD treatments. Methods We analysed deidentified data for patients being treated for PTSD at Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust between 2009 and 2017 obtained via the Clinical Record Interactive Search tool. We described the sample’s sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and used stepwise logistic regression to investigate the association between suicidality and receipt of four, specific PTSD treatments: psychotherapy, antidepressant/antianxiety medication, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate the association between suicidality and hospital/crisis team admission. Results Of 745 patients diagnosed with PTSD, 60% received psychotherapy and 66% received psychotropic medication. Those who reported suicidality (6%) were no more likely than those who did not to be prescribed antidepressant/antianxiety medication, but were more likely to receive antipsychotics (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.15 − 4.47), benzodiazepines (AOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.17 − 4.44), psychotherapy (AOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.18 − 5.73) and to be admitted to hospital/crisis team (AOR 2.84, 95% 1.82 − 4.45). Conclusion In this sample, patients with PTSD and suicidality were more likely to receive psychiatric medication, psychotherapy and psychiatric admission than those who were not suicidal. Overall patients were more likely to receive psychotropic medication than psychotherapy. Adherence to clinical guidelines is important in this population to improve treatment outcomes and reduce the risk of suicide. KEY POINTS NICE guidelines recommend psychological therapy be first line treatment for PTSD, yet we identified that fewer people diagnosed with PTSD received therapy compared to psychotropic medication. Patients with suicidality were more likely to receive antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, yet not antidepressant/antianxiety medication although given that suicidality is characteristic of severe depression, it might be assumed from stepped care models that antidepressant/antianxiety medication be prescribed before antipsychotics. The high proportion of patients prescribed antipsychotics suggests a need for better understanding of psychosis symptoms among trauma-exposed populations. Identifying which combinations of symptoms are associated with suicidal thoughts could help tailor trauma-informed approaches to discussing therapy and medication.

Evaluating physical urban features in several mental illnesses using electronic health record data.

ObjectivesUnderstanding the potential impact of physical characteristics of the urban environment on clinical outcomes on several mental illnesses.Materials and MethodsPhysical features of the urban environment were examined as predictors for affective and non-affective several mental illnesses (SMI), the number and length of psychiatric hospital admissions, and the number of short and long-acting injectable antipsychotic prescriptions. In addition, the urban features with the greatest weight in the predicted model were determined. The data included 28 urban features and 6 clinical variables obtained from 30,210 people with SMI receiving care from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) using the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) tool. Five machine learning regression models were evaluated for the highest prediction accuracy followed by the Self-Organising Map (SOM) to represent the results visually.ResultsThe prevalence of SMI, number and duration of psychiatric hospital admission, and antipsychotic prescribing were greater in urban areas. However, machine learning analysis was unable to accurately predict clinical outcomes using urban environmental data.DiscussionThe urban environment is associated with an increased prevalence of SMI. However, urban features alone cannot explain the variation observed in psychotic disorder prevalence or clinical outcomes measured through psychiatric hospitalisation or exposure to antipsychotic treatments.ConclusionUrban areas are associated with a greater prevalence of SMI but clinical outcomes are likely to depend on a combination of urban and individual patient-level factors. Future mental healthcare service planning should focus on providing appropriate resources to people with SMI in urban environments.

Daisychain: Search and Interactive Visualisation of Homologs in Genome Assemblies

Daisychain is an interactive graph visualisation and search tool for custom-built gene homology databases. The main goal of Daisychain is to allow researchers working with specific genes to identify homologs in other annotation releases. The gene-centric representation includes local gene neighborhood to distinguish orthologs and paralogs by local synteny. The software supports genome sequences in FASTA format and GFF3 formatted annotation files, and the process of building the homology database requires a minimum amount of user interaction. Daisychain includes an integrated web viewer that can be used for both data analysis and data publishing. The web interface extends KnetMaps.js and is based on JavaScript.

No rest for the weary: Prevalence, impact and nature of sleep problems among young people at risk of psychosis.

Sleep problems are common in people with a psychosis-spectrum diagnosis and are associated with worse psychotic symptoms and lower quality of life. Sleep problems are also frequent in individuals at a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) however, less is known about the prevalence and association with symptoms in this population. This study investigates the prevalence of sleep problems within CHR-P individuals and the associations with attenuated positive symptoms, transition to psychosis, time to transition to psychosis and functioning. The clinical records interactive search (CRIS) tool was used to carry out a retrospective study of 795 CHR-P individuals. Sleep problems, subsequent psychotic diagnoses, attenuated positive symptoms and Health of The Nation Outcome Scale scores were extracted. Regression models were used to examine the association between sleep problems and clinical outcomes. 59.5% of CHR-P individuals experienced sleep problems. Perceptual abnormality severity (OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.05-1.48) and frequency (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.08-1.58) as measured by the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State interview, predicted sleep problems. Sleep problems were not associated with transition to psychosis; however, they were significantly associated with a shorter time to transition in individuals who developed psychosis (HR=1.4, 95% CI=1.05-1.88) and higher follow-up Health of the Nation Outcome Scale scores (MD=2.26, 95% CI=0.55-3.96). The high prevalence of sleep problems, along with the association with positive symptoms and worse functioning, highlights the need for effective sleep interventions in this population. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between sleep problems and transition to psychosis.

Dig That Lick (DTL): Analyzing Large-Scale Data for Melodic Patterns in Jazz Performances

Dig That Lick (DTL): Analyzing Large-Scale Data for Melodic Patterns in Jazz Performances

Insights from electronic health record data to improve mental health service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundRemote consultation technology has been rapidly adopted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, some healthcare settings have faced barriers in implementation. We present a study to investigate changes in rates of remote consultation during the pandemic using a large electronic health record (EHR) dataset.MethodsThe Clinical Record Interactive Search tool (CRIS) was used to examine de-identified EHR data of people receiving mental healthcare in South London, UK. Data from around 37,500 patients were analysed for each week from 7th January 2019 and 20th September 2020 using linear regression and locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) to investigate changes in the number of clinical contacts (in-person, remote or non-attended) with mental healthcare professionals and prescribing of antipsychotics and mood stabilisers. The data are presented in an interactive dashboard: http://rpatel.co.uk/TelepsychiatryDashboard.ResultsThe frequency of in-person contacts was substantially reduced following the onset of the pandemic (β coefficient: -5829.6 contacts, 95% CI -6919.5 to -4739.6, p<0.001), while the frequency of remote contacts increased significantly (β coefficient: 3338.5 contacts, 95% CI 3074.4 to 3602.7, p<0.001). Rates of remote consultation were lower in older adults than in working age adults, children and adolescents. Despite the increase in remote contact, antipsychotic and mood stabiliser prescribing remained at similar levels.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a marked increase in remote consultation, particularly among younger patients. However, there was no evidence that this has led to changes in prescribing. Further work is needed to support older patients in accessing remote mental healthcare.DisclosureAll authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: RS has received funding from Janssen, GSK and Takeda outside the submitted work. RP has received funding from Janssen, Induction Healthcare and H

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on remote mental healthcare and prescribing in psychiatry: an electronic health record study

ObjectivesThe recent COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted mental healthcare delivery, with many services shifting from in-person to remote patient contact. We investigated the impact of the pandemic on the use of...

Increased Expression of UBE2T Predicting Poor Survival of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Based on Comprehensive Analysis of UBE2s, Clinical Samples, and the GEO Database.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes E2 (UBE2) have been reported in the microenvironment of various malignant tumors, but their correlation with ovarian cancer (OC) remains elusive. This study aimed to systematically analyze the expression patterns, prognostic value, genetic variation, and biological functions of 12 members of the UBE2 gene family in OC through the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) databases, respectively. We found that the mRNA levels of UBE2C, UBE2N, UBE2S, and UBE2T were significantly upregulated in OC compared with those in normal ovarian tissue. In patients with serous ovarian cancer (SOC), UBE2A, UBE2B, UBE2C, UBE2G, UBE2R2, and UBE2T upregulation were associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, UBE2A, UBE2N, UBE2R2, and UBE2T upregulation and UBE2G downregulation were associated with poor progression-free survival. UBE2T exhibited a strong correlation with OC and was thus further examined. We found that UBE2T has a high diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.969) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Immunohistochemical assays and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database revealed that UBE2T was significantly upregulated in EOC compared with that in borderline tumors, benign tumors, and normal ovarian tissues, and its high expression was associated with poor prognosis. The Cox model showed that UBE2T upregulation was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of EOC and SOC. Furthermore, UBE2T was associated with specific immune cells and was mainly involved in cell cycle-related events. Genomic analysis showed that TP53 and TTN mutations were associated with UBE2T expression. Gene copy number amplification and hypomethylation may be responsible for UBE2T upregulation in OC. In conclusion, UBE2 family members may play a role in the development of OC. Specifically, UBE2T could serve as a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target for this disease. (IRB Approval No. 2020PS533K).

Using de-identified electronic health records to research mental health supported housing services: A feasibility study.

Mental health supported housing services are a key component in the rehabilitation of people with severe and complex needs. They are implemented widely in the UK and other deinstitutionalised countries but there have been few empirical studies of their effectiveness due to the logistic challenges and costs of standard research methods. The Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) tool, developed to de-identify and interrogate routinely recorded electronic health records, may provide an alternative to evaluate supported housing services. The feasibility of using the Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust CRIS database to identify a sample of users of mental health supported accommodation services. Two approaches to data interrogation and case identification were compared; using structured fields indicating individual's accommodation status, and iterative development of free text searches of clinical notes referencing supported housing. The data used were recorded over a 10-year-period (01-January-2008 to 31-December-2017). Both approaches were carried out by one full-time researcher over four weeks (150 hours). Two structured fields indicating accommodation status were found, 2,140 individuals had a value in at least one of the fields representative of supported accommodation. The free text search of clinical notes returned 21,103 records pertaining to 1,105 individuals. A manual review of 10% of the notes indicated an estimated 733 of these individuals had used a supported housing service, a positive predictive value of 66.4%. Over two-thirds of the individuals returned in the free text search (768/1,105, 69.5%) were identified via the structured fields approach. Although the estimated positive predictive value was relatively high, a substantial proportion of the individuals appearing only in the free text search (337/1,105, 30.5%) are likely to be false positives. It is feasible and requires minimal resources to use de-identified electronic health record search tools to identify large samples of users of mental health supported housing using structured and free text fields. Further work is needed to establish the availability and completion of variables relevant to specific clinical research questions in order to fully assess the utility of electronic health records in evaluating the effectiveness of these services.

PlaMoM: a comprehensive database compiles plant mobile macromolecules.

In plants, various phloem-mobile macromolecules including noncoding RNAs, mRNAs and proteins are suggested to act as important long-distance signals in regulating crucial physiological and morphological transition processes such as flowering, plant growth and stress responses. Given recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, numerous mobile macromolecules have been identified in diverse plant species from different plant families. However, most of the identified mobile macromolecules are not annotated in current versions of species-specific databases and are only available as non-searchable datasheets. To facilitate study of the mobile signaling macromolecules, we compiled the PlaMoM (Plant Mobile Macromolecules) database, a resource that provides convenient and interactive search tools allowing users to retrieve, to analyze and also to predict mobile RNAs/proteins. Each entry in the PlaMoM contains detailed information such as nucleotide/amino acid sequences, ortholog partners, related experiments, gene functions and literature. For the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, protein-protein interactions of mobile transcripts are presented as interactive molecular networks. Furthermore, PlaMoM provides a built-in tool to identify potential RNA mobility signals such as tRNA-like structures. The current version of PlaMoM compiles a total of 17 991 mobile macromolecules from 14 plant species/ecotypes from published data and literature. PlaMoM is available at http://www.systembioinfo.org/plamom/.

New Strategies in Clinical Guideline Delivery: Randomized Trial of Online, Interactive Decision Support Versus Guidelines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Selection by Trainees.

Support for clinicians in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicine is critical given national HIV-provider shortages. The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines are comprehensive but complex to apply for antiretroviral therapy (ART) selection. Human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral selection support and interactive search tool (HIV-ASSIST) (www.hivassist.com) is a free tool providing ART decision support that could augment implementation of clinical practice guidelines. We conducted a randomized study of medical trainees at Johns Hopkins University, in which participants were asked to select an ART regimen for 10 HIV case scenarios through an electronic survey. Participants were randomized to receive either DHHS guidelines alone, or DHHS guidelines and HIV-ASSIST to support their decision making. ART selections were graded "appropriate" if consistent with DHHS guidelines, or concordant with regimens selected by HIV experts at 4 academic institutions. Among 118 trainees, participants randomized to receive HIV-ASSIST had a significantly higher percentage of appropriate ART selections compared to those receiving DHHS guidelines alone (percentage of appropriate responses in DHHS vs HIV-ASSIST arms: median [Q1, Q3], 40% [30%, 50%] vs 90% [80%, 100%]; P < .001). The effect was seen for all case types, but most pronounced for complex cases involving ART-experienced patients with ongoing viremia (DHHS vs HIV-ASSIST: median [Q1, Q3], 0% [0%, 33%] vs 100% [66%, 100%]). Trainees using HIV-ASSIST were significantly more likely to choose appropriate ART regimens compared to those using guidelines alone. Interactive decision support tools may be important to ensure appropriate implementation of HIV guidelines. NCT04080765.

M128. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS

BackgroundConsistent evidence suggests that there is an association between childhood trauma and psychotic disorders. Exposure to childhood trauma among people with severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including exacerbation of symptoms, higher rates of readmission and relapse, poorer levels of social and vocational functioning, substance use and self-harm (Grubaugh et al., 2011). We aimed to identify people with SMI and a history of CSA as recorded in electronic health records in a large mental healthcare provider in the UK, describe the clinical and functional characteristics these patients and compare their clinical outcomes (admissions, medication) to those of patients with no recorded history of CSA.MethodsData for this study were obtained from Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust using the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) tool. CRIS is an application developed to enable routinely collected electronic health records to be used in research. C&I NHS FT is a large mental health provider serving a geographic catchment area of two inner-city London boroughs, and approximately 470,000 residents. For purposes of this study we identified patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of F20-F29 or F30-31 with at least one year of follow-up. We searched text records (clinical notes and documents) for keywords associated with CSA, using an iterative process of inclusion and exclusion rules. We then tested the positive predictive value of this search. We compared the demographic, clinical and functional characteristics of patients with and without a history of CSA using chi square tests. Next, we used logistic regression models to examine the outcomes of inpatient admission and receipt of antipsychotic medication among the study population.ResultsWe identified 7,000 patients with SMI, of which 619 (8.8%) hade a recorded history of CSA. Patients with a recorded history of CSA were more likely to be female (63.8% vs. 43.3%), single (76.9% vs. 66.5%), of white ethnic origin (66.4% vs. 54.3%) than their counterparts without CSA. There was no difference in the distribution of social deprivation between the groups. Major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and personality disorders were all more prevalent in patients with CSA (13.4% vs. 7.6%, 4.7% vs. 1.4%, and 22.0% vs. 5.8%, respectively). Higher rates of moderate-severe psychotic symptoms, depressed mood, self-harm, substance use and aggression were also evident in this group, as were problems with relationships and accommodation. There was a 2-fold increase in the odds of inpatient admissions in patients with a history of CSA than in those without (adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.64–2.33), and they were more likely to have spent at least 10 days a year as inpatients (adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.07–1.62). Similarly, patients with a history of CSA were more likely to be prescribed antipsychotic medication (adjusted OR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.69–3.66), and more likely to be given over 75% of the maximum recommended dose (adjusted OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.44–2.04).DiscussionThe current study used routinely recorded data from electronic health records to identify a history of childhood sexual abuse in patients with SMI. Consistent with previous findings, the study demonstrated that exposure to childhood trauma is associated with negative clinical and functional outcomes in these patients. Clinicians working with patients with SMI should be trained and skilled at assessing childhood adversity, and addressing such adversity in the clinical setting.

Characteristics and risk of repeat suicidal ideation and self-harm in patients who present to emergency departments with suicidal ideation or self-harm: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundCharacteristics and outcomes of patients presenting to Emergency Departments (EDs) have been under-examined. This paper describes the characteristics and risk of repeat suicidality amongst patients presenting to EDs with (1) suicidal ideation and (2) self-harm, compared to (3) controls in mental health crisis. MethodsThe Clinical Record Interactive Search tool identified 2211 patients who presented to three London EDs with suicidal ideation or self-harm, and 1108 control patients. All patients received a full psychosocial assessment. Chi-squared tests examined group characteristics. Cox regression models assessed the risk of re-presentation with suicidal ideation or self-harm within one year. ResultsThere were a higher proportion of females and individuals under the age of 25 in the self-harm group. Patients presenting with suicidal ideation or self-harm were more likely to be white, live in more deprived areas, and less likely to receive a psychiatric diagnosis within one year compared to controls. Risk of repeat suicidality within one year was 3–4 times higher in those with baseline suicidal ideation (adjusted HR = 3.66, 95% CI 2.44–5.48) or self-harm (HR = 3.53 95% CI 2.47–5.04) compared to controls. LimitationsTo be included patients needed to have a full psychosocial assessment. Incomplete records meant 21.4% of the sample was excluded. This will have introduced bias which might confound observed associations. ConclusionIndividuals presenting with either suicidal ideation or self-harm have similar risk for re-presentation within one year. Both groups would benefit from personalised risk management plans and active follow-up to reduce the risk of repeat suicidal behaviour.

Patent retrieval: a literature review

With the ever increasing number of filed patent applications every year, the need for effective and efficient systems for managing such tremendous amounts of data becomes inevitably important. Patent Retrieval (PR) is considered the pillar of almost all patent analysis tasks. PR is a subfield of Information Retrieval (IR) which is concerned with developing techniques and methods that effectively and efficiently retrieve relevant patent documents in response to a given search request. In this paper we present a comprehensive review on PR methods and approaches. It is clear that, recent successes and maturity in IR applications such as Web search cannot be transferred directly to PR without deliberate domain adaptation and customization. Furthermore, state-of-the-art performance in automatic PR is still around average in terms of recall. These observations motivate the need for interactive search tools which provide cognitive assistance to patent professionals with minimal effort. These tools must also be developed in hand with patent professionals considering their practices and expectations. We additionally touch on related tasks to PR such as patent valuation, litigation, licensing, and highlight potential opportunities and open directions for computational scientists in these domains.

F228. EFFECTIVENESS OF PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE VS OTHER LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE (LAI) ANTIPSYCHOTICS – AN ELECTRONIC CASE REGISTER STUDY

BackgroundPaliperidone palmitate is a 2nd generation long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic which is increasingly prescribed for patients with chronic schizophrenia. However, it is more expensive than 1st generation LAI antipsychotics and little is known about its effectiveness in a real world clinical setting. We sought to address this issue by analyzing a large electronic case register of patients with schizophrenia treated with LAI antipsychotics.MethodsData were obtained from 1,281 patients in the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Case Register who were treated with an LAI antipsychotic between 1st April 2011 and 31st January 2015. The number of days spent as a psychiatric inpatient and the number of admissions to a psychiatric hospital were extracted using the Clinical Record Interactive Search tool (CRIS) and analyzed in each of the 3 years before and after LAI prescription using multivariable regression.ResultsPatients who received paliperidone palmitate (n=430; 33.6%) spent more time in hospital (β coefficient 12.3 days, 95% CI 2.3 to 19.2, p=0.001) and were admitted to hospital more frequently (IRR 1.44, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.61, p<0.001) in the year prior to treatment than those treated with other LAI antipsychotics (n=851, 66.4%). However, there were no significant differences between paliperidone and the other LAI antipsychotics in the 3 years after initiation with respect to the number of days spent in hospital (β coefficient 5.4 days, 95% CI -57.3 to 68.2, p=0.86) or frequency of hospital admissions (Incidence rate ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.83, p=0.82).DiscussionPaliperidone palmitate was more likely to be prescribed in patients with more severe illness, as indicated by a history of more frequent and lengthy hospital admissions prior to initiation. The absence of differences in outcomes after initiation indicates that the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate was similar to that of other LAI antipsychotics. However, paliperidone palmitate may be better tolerated than other 1st generation LAI antipsychotics with a lower rate of discontinuation. These findings merit consideration in relation to the high cost of paliperidone palmitate compared to other LAI antipsychotics.

Virtual Exploration of the Ring Systems Chemical Universe.

Here, we explore the chemical space of all virtually possible organic molecules focusing on ring systems, which represent the cyclic cores of organic molecules obtained by removing all acyclic bonds and converting all remaining atoms to carbon. This approach circumvents the combinatorial explosion encountered when enumerating the molecules themselves. We report the chemical universe database GDB4c containing 916 130 ring systems up to four saturated or aromatic rings and maximum ring size of 14 atoms and GDB4c3D containing the corresponding 6 555 929 stereoisomers. Almost all (98.6%) of these ring systems are unknown and represent chiral 3D-shaped macrocycles containing small rings and quaternary centers reminiscent of polycyclic natural products. We envision that GDB4c can serve to select new ring systems from which to design analogs of such natural products. The database is available for download at www.gdb.unibe.ch together with interactive visualization and search tools as a resource for molecular design.

PlaMoM: a comprehensive database compiles plant mobile macromolecules.

In plants, various phloem-mobile macromolecules including noncoding RNAs, mRNAs and proteins are suggested to act as important long-distance signals in regulating crucial physiological and morphological transition processes such as flowering, plant growth and stress responses. Given recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, numerous mobile macromolecules have been identified in diverse plant species from different plant families. However, most of the identified mobile macromolecules are not annotated in current versions of species-specific databases and are only available as non-searchable datasheets. To facilitate study of the mobile signaling macromolecules, we compiled the PlaMoM (Plant Mobile Macromolecules) database, a resource that provides convenient and interactive search tools allowing users to retrieve, to analyze and also to predict mobile RNAs/proteins. Each entry in the PlaMoM contains detailed information such as nucleotide/amino acid sequences, ortholog partners, related experiments, gene functions and literature. For the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, protein–protein interactions of mobile transcripts are presented as interactive molecular networks. Furthermore, PlaMoM provides a built-in tool to identify potential RNA mobility signals such as tRNA-like structures. The current version of PlaMoM compiles a total of 17 991 mobile macromolecules from 14 plant species/ecotypes from published data and literature. PlaMoM is available at http://www.systembioinfo.org/plamom/.

Supporting Creativity through the Interactive Exploratory Search Paradigm

ABSTRACTIn creative tasks, there is a need to explore the space of available information in order to come up with diverse views before converging to a solution. In such tasks, typical search engines that follow the direct search paradigm fail to inspire users. It is hypothesized that contrary to typical engines, interactive exploratory search, which aims at revealing latent, alternative directions in the information space enabling user orientation and engagement, is better suited to assist users in their quest for serendipitous discoveries and inspiration. In this study, an interactive exploratory search tool that combines diversification of content and sources with a user interface design that visualizes clues from the social chatter – generated with micro-blogging services such as Twitter – and lets users interactively explore the available information space is presented. A profiling service and recommendation module in charge of delivering personalized social content complements the setting. A pilot and two task-based user studies comparing our system to a query-based baseline indicate that our system significantly improves inspirational discoveries by providing access to more interesting and serendipitous information.