Interactions Of Carbon Nanomaterials Research Articles

Therapeutic applications of carbon nanomaterials in renal cancer.

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and nanodiamonds (NDs), have shown great promise in detecting and treating numerous cancers, including kidney cancer. CNMs can increase the sensitivity of diagnostic techniques for better kidney cancer identification and surveillance. They enable targeted medicine delivery specifically to tumour locations, with little effect on healthy tissue. Because of their unique chemical and physical characteristics, they can avoid the body's defence mechanisms, making it easier to accumulate where tumours exist. Consequently, CNMs provide more effective drug delivery to kidney cancer cells. It also helps in improving the efficacy of treatment. This review explores the potential of several CNMs in improving therapeutic strategies for kidney cancer. We briefly covered the physicochemical properties and therapeutic applications of CNMs. Additionally, we discussed how structural modifications in CNMs enhance their precision in treating renal cancer. A thorough overview of CNM-based gene, peptide, and drug delivery strategies for the treatment of renal cancer is presented in this review. It covers information on other CNM-based therapeutic approaches, such as hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and photoacoustic therapy. Also, the interactions of CNMs with the tumour microenvironment (TME) are explored, including modulation of the immune response, regulation of tumour hypoxia, interactions between CNMs and TME cells, effects of TME pH on CNMs, and more. Finally, potential side effects of CNMs, such as toxicity, bio corona formation, enzymatic degradation, and biocompatibility, are also discussed.

Effect of carbon nanomaterials on cell toxicity, biomass production, nutritional and active compound accumulation in plants

The unique characteristics of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted great attention in the agricultural field since the breakthrough of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. Worldwide, there have been numerous efforts to insight new interactions of CNMs with plants. Published research reported contradictory effects of CNMs on plant toxicity, biomass accumulation, development stages, nutritional and pharmaceutical compound accumulation. Thus, growth and development patterns varied in different plant species and depended on the CNM types, concentration, exposure time, plant species and growth conditions on which these were applied. It was found that CNMs at low concentrations activated water channel and cell wall extension proteins which promoted water uptake, nutrient absorption, seed germination, seedling growth and photosynthesis. On the contrary, at high doses CNMs promoted free radicals and some antioxidant enzyme production which induced oxidative stress responses and cell damage. Also, CNMs stimulated the accumulation of nutritional (carotenoids) and pharmaceutical compounds in a dose-dependent manner. Researchers noted that CNMs by changing the genes involved in secondary metabolite pathways could regulate their accumulation. The present review updates the effect of various CNMs on plant toxicity, biomass accumulation, development stages, nutritional and pharmaceutical compound accumulation in plants.

DFT Study on the Interaction of Carbon Nano-Materials with Sodium Ion and Atom

The binding structures and electronic states of sodium ion and atom (Na+ and Na) trapped on the smallest fullerene surface (C20) have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculation to elucidate the nature of interaction. It was found that the Na+ ion can bind two sites of C20: one is on-top site where Na+ ion binds to the carbon atom of C20, while the other is a pentagonal site where the Na+ ion binds to five membered ring of C20. In case of sodium atom, the similar binding structures were obtained on C20 surface. The nature of the interaction between Na+(Na) and the C20 cluster was discussed on the basis of theoretical results.

Ab-Initio and MD Studies on the Interaction of Carbon Nano-Materials with Alkali Ion and Atom

The structures and electronic states of sodium atom (Na) trapped on the graphene surfaces have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculation to elucidate the nature of interaction between Na and the graphenes. In addition, direct molecular orbital-molecular dynamics (MO-MD) calculation [Tachikawa, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112 (2008) 10193] was applied to diffusion processes of the Na atom on graphene surfaces. Seven graphenes (n = 7, 14, 19, 29, 37, 44 and 52, where n means numbers of rings in each carbon cluster) were examined in the present study. The B3LYP/LANL2MB calculation showed that the sodium atom is located at ca. 3.0 Å from the graphene surfaces. The direct MO-MD calculation showed that diffusion of Na atom is slower than that of Na+ ion on graphene surface. The nature of the interaction between Na atom and the carbon clusters was discussed on the basis of theoretical results.

A DFT and MD Study on the Interaction of Carbon Nano-Materials with Metal Ions

The interaction of manganese (II) ion (Mn2+) with graphene surfaces have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT). Also, the molecular dynamics (MD) calculations using molecular mechanics-2 (MM2) potential functions have been applied to the diffusion dynamics of Mn2+ on the graphene surface. Two graphene sheets (n = 19 and 52, where n means numbers of rings in each carbon cluster) were considered as models of graphene surface in the present study. The B3LYP/LANL2MB calculations showed that the Mn2+ ion is located in the ranges 2.28–2.46 Å from the graphene surface. Also, classical MD calculation was applied to diffusion processes of the Mn2+ on the graphene surface (n = 52). The classical MD calculations showed that the Mn2+ ion diffuses from bulk to edge region at 300–600 K and is trapped in the edge region. The nature of the interaction between the Mn2+ ion and the graphene sheet was discussed on the basis of theoretical results.