Interregional Networks Research Articles

Сетевая организация непрерывной профессионализации педагогов на основе системы межрегионального дополнительного образования

The goal of the paper is to study the methodology of network interregional interaction in the system of lifelong professional education with the tasks of social and ecological education of students. This problem is significant for the interregional system of lifelong professional education and pedagogical education as a source of human resources for a wide range of activities. The objectives of the study include the analysis of the concept of "lifelong professional education", generalization of the features of pedagogical activity of various regions, regional and interregional professional portraits of a teacher from the standpoint of professional deficiencies, identification of the methodology of network interaction based on the expert opinion of university teachers with a description of the model of the interregional network lifelong professional education system. It is concluded that distributed project activities in poly-professional teams with the participation of teachers can become a methodological basis for network interregional interaction in the system of continuous professionalization based on interregional supplementary education programs. The network organization of the model allows for effective dissemination to pedagogical universities and universities of non-pedagogical profiles through interuniversity partnership. The novelty lies in the socio-ecological aspects of distance interregional interaction in the context of heterogeneity of socio-cultural norms in the implementation of poly-professional projects by teachers.

Book Festivals in Siberia and the Far East: Preserving Traditions and Role in Promoting Books and Reading

The paper characterizes the development of the book festival movement in recent decades in the eastern regions of Russia. The application of formal-logical and comparative-historical methods allowed us to expand the previously studied aspects of the functioning of book fairs. The main directions of the modern regional book festival movement were revealed: library book festivals; projects organized on private and public initiative in collaboration with governmental authorities; federal book festival projects. Long-term (“Book Salon” — Ulan-Ude, since 1996; “Pechatny Dvor” — Vladivostok, since 1997; “Published in Altai” — Barnaul, since 2006; Krasnoyarsk Book Culture Fair (2007—2021), etc.) and recently appeared (“BookMart” — Irkutsk, since 2019; “Book Square” — Kemerovo, since 2021, etc.) regional projects are analyzed. The federal initiatives of 2023 are characterized: “Red Square. Far East” (Vladivostok), “Reading August” of the All-Russian interregional network library-publishing festival movement “Book Beacons of Russia”. The increasing sustainability of the projects due to co-financing by federal and regional authorities, public organizations, sponsors, grant and subsidy support was established. The main trends of the regional book and festival movement were identified. Unresolved problems that can become points of growth are revealed. The relevance and significance of the study of the conditions of development and the current state of the book festival movement in the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District are determined by their growing communicative potential and its influence on the formation of the regional cultural field.

Defiant conformists: gender and resistance against genocide

AbstractThis article argues that college-educated women play a crucial part in successful resistance against genocide because they are more likely to forge secure interregional networks and, consequently, better able to shelter victims of mass-persecution than their male peers. We develop our argument through a study of Jewish rescue networks in the Netherlands during the Holocaust. College-educated women were especially valuable during rescue efforts due to their ability to operate as defiant conformists. These women – a small minority who were anything but traditional – could more fully exploit their biographical availability and university networks by concealing interregional resistance work through the strategic performance of traditional feminine roles. Statistical analyses of geocoded rescue networks reveal that rescue networks involving college-educated women were more successful because they funneled Jews across the country without getting exposed. More in-depth exploration of distinct networks identifies three dramaturgical strategies that college-educated women deployed to facilitate clandestine and geographically expansive rescue work: 1) strategic coquetry; 2) strategic self-devaluation; 3) strategic motherhood and wedlock. Taken together, our findings suggest we should focus on how gender and other forms of social status interact to produce the relational and dramaturgical underpinnings of civilian agency in times of emergency.

What drives network evolution? Comparing R&D project and patent networks in the EU

Abstract Collaboration networks are the main mechanisms through which regional innovation capacities are enhanced. These networks have been analyzed by using data either on research projects or patents. However, analyzing only one type of network can limit our understanding of regional innovation dynamics. In this paper, we investigate the drivers of network evolution in two inter-regional network types within the European Union: R&D project networks and co-patenting networks. Specifically, we examine data on Framework Program project collaborations and patent collaborations at the NUTS2 regional level between 2011 and 2019. Our empirical strategy is based on Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model where we analyze and compare the factors that affect the evolution of two networks. We find that path-dependent processes resulting from past networks, such as triadic closure, preferential attachment, and tie repetition, play a more important role in explaining the evolution of R&D project networks compared with patent networks. On the other hand, regional characteristics, particularly the patenting intensity of a region and similarity in patenting between regions appear to be more influential in shaping patent networks. These results have important implications for the future evolution of knowledge networks in Europe.

Lack of regional pathways impact on surgical delay: Analysis of the Orthopaedic Trauma Hospital Outcomes–Patient Operative Delays (ORTHOPOD) study

IntroductionCurrent practice following injury within the United Kingdom is to receive surgery, at the institution of first contact regardless of ability to provide timely intervention and inconsiderate of neighbouring hospital resource and capacity. This can lead to a mismatch of demand and capacity, delayed surgery and stress within hospital systems, particularly with regards to elective services. We demonstrate through a multicentre, multinational study, the impact of this at scale. MethodologyORTHOPOD data collection period was between 22/08/2022 and 16/10/2022 and consisted of two arms. Arm 1 captured orthopaedic trauma caseload and capacity in terms of sessions available per centre and patients awaiting surgery per centre per given week. Arm 2 recorded patient and injury demographics, time of decision making, outpatient and inpatient timeframes as well as time to surgery. Hand and spine cases were excluded. For this regional comparison, regional trauma networks with a minimum of four centres enroled onto the ORTHOPOD study were exclusively analysed. ResultsFollowing analysis of 11,202 patient episodes across 30 hospitals we found no movement of any patient between hospitals to enable prompt surgery. There is no current system to move patients, between regional centres despite clear discrepancies in workload per capacity across the United Kingdom. Many patients wait for days for surgery when simple transfer to a neighbouring hospital (within 10 miles in many instances) would result in prompt care within national guidelines. ConclusionMost trauma patients in the United Kingdom are managed exclusively at the place of first presentation, with no consideration of alternative pathways to local hospitals that may, at that time, offer increased operative capacity and a shorter waiting time. There is no oversight of trauma workload per capacity at neighbouring hospitals within a regional trauma network. This leads to a marked disparity in waiting time to surgery, and subsequently it can be inferred but not proven, poorer patient experience and outcomes. This inevitably leads to a strain on the overall trauma system and across several centres can impact on elective surgery recovery. We propose the consideration of inter-regional network collaboration, aligned with the Major Trauma System.

The contrasting effects of interregional networks and local agglomeration on R&D productivity in Chinese provinces: Insights from an empirical spatial Durbin model

This paper examines the contrasting effects of local agglomeration in innovation activities and the interregional networks derived from innovation collaboration on R&D productivity. Based on a two-stage R&D process, this study enriches the existing research and highlights the significance of interregional networks and local agglomeration in understanding spillover effects and productivity improvement. This study employs the network slacks-based measure model to quantify the R&D productivity of two successive stages of research and technology transfer using panel data from 2009 to 2017 for 30 Chinese provinces. It employs the spatial Durbin model to explore and compare the effects of interregional networks and local agglomeration on R&D productivity at each stage. The findings show that interregional networks play an important role in improving research productivity, while local agglomeration is more important in technology transfer research. The significant spatial spillover effect of technology transfer productivity in adjacent provinces indicates a large likelihood of convergences in R&D productivity. The results confirm that interregional networks and local agglomeration operate at distinct parts of the R&D process.

Multi-level political change: Assessing electoral volatility in 58 European regions (1993-2022)

In recent years, increasing attention has been devoted to electoral turmoil associated with the emergence of new political actors or the crisis of established parties at national level. However, in multi-level systems, transformations have also affected sub-national politics. This article seeks to understand some hitherto unexplored aspects of political change in regional party systems. Change is linked to the concept of instability and operationalized in terms of electoral volatility. To account for the fact that instability may be driven by distinct regional and national pressures coexisting in regional elections, a new measure of volatility has been developed. It is disaggregated into two territorial components: ‘Region-specific volatility’ (RSV) and ‘Region-transcending volatility’ (RTV). RSV refers to changes in electoral support for political parties competing exclusively in one region, while RTV is calculated for parties that ‘transcend’ regional boundaries – i.e. they are electorally active in several/all regions of a country or are part of institutionalized inter-regional networks. By applying this new measure to 385 elections in 58 European regions, this article shows that levels and types of instability have varied significantly over time, across regions and across countries. This may also account for different developments in territorial politics observed in Western Europe.

Regional and interregional networks of ancient Eleon during the early 12th century BCE as seen from the petrographic and neutron activation analyses of pottery

AbstractIn this article, we present the results of application of petrographic and neutron activation analyses to a group of pottery fragments dating to the 12th century BCE deriving from ancient Eleon (Boeotia, Greece) as a means of investigating regional and interregional networks in which the site participated. Production centres in Boeotia and central Euboea provided, as could be expected, the majority of sampled pottery across various shapes. A number of more distant areas, however, such as eastern Attica, the Cyclades, Macedonia, and western Crete, are also documented in the present study, suggesting their products were available to local consumers at ancient Eleon. These results are discussed with reference to consumer preferences and exchange networks operating at that time. Finally, some of the identified petrographic and chemical groups can be securely identified at the macroscopic level, allowing us to arrive at conclusions pertinent to a substantial part of the entire pottery assemblage.

Emerging inequality in the San Pedro de Atacama oases (Chile): An investigation of entheseal patterns using ANCOVA and factorial ANOVA

AbstractBioarcheologists have focused extensively over the past few decades on how to best investigate past activity, often concentrating on data collection protocols and more recently focusing on statistical approaches. Here, we complement ongoing studies focusing on emerging inequality during the Middle Period (AD 400–1000) in the San Pedro de Atacama oases (Chile) by investigating entheseal patterns among individuals (n = 210) interred in four cemeteries. This period represents a time of demographic expansion and the development of interregional networks and formalized social inequalities, all of which would have shaped the lived experiences of local inhabitants. The four cemeteries studied here allow investigations of potential differences between individuals living in a close geographic area: Solcor 3 and Casa Parroquial represent “elite” sites connected with the Tiwanaku state, the somewhat later site of Coyo 3 is associated with mining activities, and Quitor 6 Tardío represents individuals from relatively lower status. Using two complementary multifactorial tests, factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA, we identified differences in entheseal scores in several joints as a proxy for activity patterns among the cemeteries (left and right shoulders and wrists, and left elbow and hip; p < 0.05), with individuals from Casa Parroquial demonstrating lower entheseal scores in most joints. Results highlight how we can infer differences in entheseal patterns among individuals interred in cemeteries that were in close geographic proximity and in use over similar periods, highlighting possible differences in lived experiences in the sites categorized as “elite” as well as the effects of cemetery location, either within the core oases or outside them. Our analyses further suggest that ANCOVA and factorial ANOVA can identify more nuanced differences among the cemeteries while accounting for covariates in a single test, making them more robust inferential statistical approaches for this type of study.

:Ausgrabungen in der frühbronzezeitlichen Siedlung im Heraion von Samos 1966

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Indus-Style Stone Beads in the Late Third-Millennium BCE Southern Levant

This article discusses how identification of stylistic, morphometric, mineralogical, and technological characteristics of carnelian stone beads can provide major insights into EB IV/MB I interregional networks and social differentiation. Based on unique drilling techniques, stylistic shapes, morphometric proportions, and mineralogical characteristics, fifty-four carnelian beads found in Israel/Palestine have been identified as crafted in a manner ultimately diagnostic of the Indus tradition of modern Pakistan and western India. Fifty Indus-style beads in the EB IV/MB I probably reflect increased socio-cultural links to the northern Levant and Mesopotamia during this period, while four beads from later contexts represent long-term curation of valuable ornaments.

Adjusting the Evaluation of Potential for Integration of the National Cluster Model for Scientific (Scientific and Methodological) Interaction between Pedagogical Universities and Education Development Institutions for the Expansion of Intraand Inter-Regional Networking

Adjusting the Evaluation of Potential for Integration of the National Cluster Model for Scientific (Scientific and Methodological) Interaction between Pedagogical Universities and Education Development Institutions for the Expansion of Intraand Inter-Regional Networking

Strange Creatures of Chu: A Regional Approach to Antlered Tomb Sculptures

Lacquered wooden sculptures of fantastic hybrid beasts adorned with real deer antlers are among the most extraordinary examples of sculpture found in Chu tombs dated from the sixth through the third centuries BCE. Conventionally known as zhenmushou 镇墓兽 or “protecting tomb beasts”, the antlered sculptures have grotesque features, including bulging eyes, fangs, and protruding tongues. In the fourth century BCE, production and use of these sculptures increased and peaked in the Hanxi region of Hubei province. Although most of these figures have been found in tombs in Hanxi (west of the Han River), distinctive variations of antlered tomb sculptures are also documented in regional areas of the Chu polity, including the Nanyang Basin, the Upper Huai, Eastern Hubei, and Jiangnan. Through a systematic regional analysis of Chu antlered sculptures, this paper presents a spatial framework for analyzing this unique genre of Chu funerary sculpture. This approach provides fresh insight into the interregional networks of interaction across the Chu state and beyond, via waterways and the Suizao corridor from the sixth through the third centuries BCE.

Research on the evolution of the Chinese urban biomedicine innovation network pattern: An analysis using multispatial scales.

This paper addresses the spatial pattern of urban biomedicine innovation networks by separately using four scales, i.e., the national scale, interregional scale, urban agglomeration scale, and provincial scale, on the basis of Chinese biomedicine patent data from the incoPat global patent database (GPD) (2001-2020) and using the method of social network analysis (SNA). Through the research, it is found that (1) on the national scale, the Chinese biomedicine innovation network becomes denser from west to the east as its complexity continuously increases. Its spatial structure takes the form of a radial network pattern with Beijing and Shanghai as its centers. The COVID-19 pandemic has not had an obvious negative impact on this network at present. (2) On the interregional scale, the strength of interregional network ties is greater than that of intraregional network ties. The eastern, central and western biomedicine innovation networks appear to be heterogeneous networks with regional central cities as the cores. (3) At the urban agglomeration scale, the strength of intraurban-agglomeration network ties is greater than that of interurban-agglomeration network ties. The three major urban agglomerations have formed radial spatial patterns with central cities as the hubs. (4) At the provincial scale, the intraprovincial networks have poor connectivity and low internal ties strength, which manifest as core-periphery structures with the provincial capitals as centers. Our research conclusion helps to clarify the current accumulation of technology and offer guidance for the development of China's biomedicine industry.

경부고속도로의 경제적 효과

The expressway use by the construction of Gyeongbu Expressway makes it possible to efficiently allocate resources and disseminate information and knowledge through inter-regional networks. However, the existing studies on the economic effect of the Gyeongbu Expressway have only analyzed the ripple effect of the construction of the Gyeongbu Expressway on the people and industry. There are no studies estimating the effect of the use of the Gyeongbu Expressway on economic growth through efficient resource allocation and information and knowledge dissemination. Therefore, this study analyzes the effect of using the Gyeongbu Expressway on total factor productivity, which is the core of sustainable economic growth. In particular, focusing on the analysis of the economic effect after the construction of the Gyeongbu Expressway, the effect of the use of the Gyeongbu Expressway on national productivity is explained through a long-term and short-term growth model. In the endogenous growth model, an increase in the use of the Gyeongbu Expressway has a negative effect on economic growth in the short term, but a positive effect in the long term, and after a certain period, the positive long-term effect dominates the negative short-term effect. Our empirical result supports the above suggestion, showing that the use of the Gyeongbu Expressway contributes to the efficient allocation of resources and the transmission of information and technology.

Using the Web to Predict Regional Trade Flows: Data Extraction, Modeling, and Validation

Despite the importance of interregional trade for building effective regional economic policies, there are very few hard data to illustrate such interdependencies. We propose here a novel research framework to predict interregional trade flows by utilizing freely available Web data and machine learning algorithms. Specifically, we extract hyperlinks between archived Websites in the United Kingdom and we aggregate these data to create an interregional network of hyperlinks between geolocated and commercial Web pages over time. We also use existing interregional trade data to train our models using random forests and then make out-of-sample predictions of interregional trade flows using a rolling-forecasting framework. Our models illustrate great predictive capability with R 2 greater than 0.9. We are also able to disaggregate our predictions in terms of industrial sectors, but also at a subregional level, for which trade data are not available. In total, our models provide a proof of concept that the digital traces left behind by physical trade can help us capture such economic activities at a more granular level and, consequently, inform regional policies.

What network orientation supports the development of a Resilient City? Evidence from the innovation systems of eighty-seven cities

It is critical to understand how and why a city's economy rises or falls, especially when an abrupt change is triggered. Not all cities are able to maintain economic sustainability and resilience at the same time they support industrial vigour and innovation activities. This study reviews data collected from eighty-seven cities worldwide to understand how they were able to regain and extend their technological venturing momentum and reinforce their resilience following adverse economic events. It examines patenting indexes derived from the regional innovation system (RIS) of each city. Our difference-in-differences analysis identifies the innovation dynamics of cities in OECD countries, revealing their ability to lay a local knowledge base and to command cross-regional knowledge networks. Our study found that this highly resilient framework surprisingly demonstrated a clear downtrend after the Dotcom Bubble crisis. In contrast, many cities in BRICS and developing countries are relatively behind in terms of both their ability to command the local knowledge base and progress in developing regional and interregional networks. Our resilience analysis breaks new ground in the understanding of regional system orientations and the development context required for a city to maintain resiliency and support its ability to quickly recover from an adverse event.

Understanding the romanization spreading on historical interregional networks in Northern Tunisia

Spreading processes are important drivers of change in social systems. To understand the mechanisms of spreading it is fundamental to have information about the underlying contact network and the dynamical parameters of the process. However, in many real-wold examples, this information is not known and needs to be inferred from data. State-of-the-art spreading inference methods have mostly been applied to modern social systems, as they rely on availability of very detailed data. In this paper we study the inference challenges for historical spreading processes, for which only very fragmented information is available. To cope with this problem, we extend existing network models by formulating a model on a mesoscale with temporal spreading rate. Furthermore, we formulate the respective parameter inference problem for the extended model. We apply our approach to the romanization process of Northern Tunisia, a scarce dataset, and study properties of the inferred time-evolving interregional networks. As a result, we show that (1) optimal solutions consist of very different network structures and spreading rate functions; and that (2) these diverse solutions produce very similar spreading patterns. Finally, we discuss how inferred dominant interregional connections are related to available archaeological traces. Historical networks resulting from our approach can help understanding complex processes of cultural change in ancient times.

Obsidian acquisition networks in northern Ecuador from 1600 to 750 cal BCE

Since a pair of seminal studies in the mid-1990́s, obsidian provenience research in Ecuador has shown limited advancement with regard to analysis of archaeological materials. Investigations of the relevant sources have been the primary focus. While these are important, especially given the complex nature of the major Ecuadorian sources, more investigation is required to analyze how prehispanic populations acquired this material that frequently is used as a proxy for interregional interaction. This article advances our understanding on this front by presenting the portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysis of 401 artifacts from five sites in northern Ecuador with absolute dates spanning from 1600 to 750 cal BCE. The results permit a finer-grained reconstruction of procurement patterns than the typical relative period approach. Three principal findings are proposed: the utilization of Yanaurco-Quiscatola obsidian declined during the period of interest, the Mullumica source became the center of obsidian procurement as the utilization of these other sources fell, and two interregional networks existed that resulted in populations on the northern Ecuadorian coast acquiring obsidian.

An exploration of the ceramic technology of a northern Chilean community, evidence from the Caleta Vitor Archaeological Complex

This paper discusses the results of statistical analyses of the domestic ceramic assemblage from the Caleta Vitor Archaeological Complex, northern Chile, a collection that spans 2500 years. Mineralogical analyses were also conducted on a selection of the ceramic sherds using X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as paste and petrographic analyses. The results of this study correspond with prior research (Bland et al., 2017a) which concluded that the majority of domestic ceramics from the Caleta Vitor Archaeological Complex were manufactured using local resources. Here, we expand this discussion by identifying four ceramic paste groups that would constitute local pottery traditions of manufacture. The identified paste groups are relatively consistent and span almost all time periods examined (Formative c. 4000–1500 BP through to Hispanic c. 467 BP Periods). These results support the argument that these ceramic traditions were maintained by the coastal communities of Caleta Vitor, despite the fact that they were integrated into interregional networks of interactions through time, including their relationships with powerful Andean polities. These apparent continuities in domestic ceramic production allow us to reflect on local decision-making processes throughout relevant cultural phases, and to conclude that foreign pottery did not have an exchange value.