Taking identified fraud telephone recordings as the corpus, the study first analyses the lexicon and overall structure of fraud discourse from the perspective of pragmatics and then explores the identities constructed by fraudsters. It found that, in deceptive telecom discourse, address forms and technical terms are used to construct the turn, and the fraud conversation has a relatively complete structure, including a beginning, problem construction, problem solving, and a closing. In addition, the lexical choice and the overall structure of deceptive conversation help to construct the fraudster’s individual identity, interpersonal identity and group identity. Individual identity includes the real identity as a fraudster and the false identity as a help seeker; interpersonal identity involves identity as a relative or superior; and group identity can be divided into institutional identity and professional identity. This study aims to enhance people’s awareness of fraud and assist in identifying the fraudulent identities of scammers, thereby reducing the occurrence of telecom fraud incidents.