Internationalization Research Articles

Unlocking knowledge transfer dynamics across borders: key drivers in international strategic alliances

Purpose In today’s swiftly evolving and intensely competitive business landscape, organisations increasingly recognise the significance of cross-border collaborative partnerships. International Strategic Alliances (ISAs) have emerged as effective platforms to foster innovation and gain a competitive advantage. Within the context of the hotel industry, which epitomises international operations, this study aims to investigate the pivotal role of knowledge transfer (KT) in the performance of ISAs. Design/methodology/approach The research framework draws on the influence of technological drivers (TD), organisational drivers (OD) and individual drivers (ID) on successful KT within ISAs. By analysing data from managers and owners of international hotel businesses using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), this study empirically examines the relationships between these drivers and KT dynamics. Findings Findings highlight the direct impact of these drivers on KT and subsequent alliance performance. However, among these drivers, factors related to TDs, such as Web 2.0, knowledge management systems and IT infrastructure, generally received the highest values. Originality/value This study contributes to international business and knowledge management and sheds light on the intricate interactions between the drivers of KT and ISAs. The insights derived from this study provide a foundation for enhancing strategic alliance practices in a global context. By embracing KT mechanisms, organisations can harness collaborative potential, drive innovation and achieve sustainable growth.

Crisis of housing cooperatives in Mexico City: A struggle for Palo Alto

This article features a conversation with Luis Márquez Cruz and Fabiola Carrera from the Palo Alto Cooperative, delving into the history and ongoing struggles of one of Mexico City's oldest housing cooperatives. Formed in the 1980s based on principles of solidarity, mutual aid, and self-management, the cooperative provided affordable housing to working-class families. However, changes to cooperative laws in 1994 halted new cooperative projects and shifted government support to private developers. Today, Palo Alto faces internal divisions as some members push for the cooperative's dissolution and sale of property amidst rising real estate prices, while others fight to preserve collective ownership. The article explores the cooperative’s international alliances, political training, and grassroots organizing efforts, highlighting the urgency of defending cooperative housing as an alternative to Mexico City's increasingly commodified and exclusionary housing market.

International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) consensus on miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Over the past three decades, there has been increasing interest in miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) techniques featuring smaller tracts as they offer potential solutions to mitigate complications associated with standard PCNL (sPCNL). However, despite this growing acceptance and recognition of its benefits, unresolved controversies and acknowledged limitations continue to impede widespread adoption due to a lack of consensus on optimal perioperative management strategies and procedural tips and tricks. In response to these challenges, an international panel comprising experts from the International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) took on the task of compiling an expert consensus document on mPCNL procedures aimed at providing urologists with a comprehensive clinical framework for practice. This endeavor involved conducting a systematic literature review to identify research gaps (RGs), which formed the foundation for developing a structured questionnaire survey. Subsequently, a two-round modified Delphi survey was implemented, culminating in a group meeting to generate final evidence-based comments. All 64 experts completed the second-round survey, resulting in a response rate of 100.0%. Fifty-eight key questions were raised focusing on mPCNLs within 4 main domains, including general information (13 questions), preoperative work-up (13 questions), procedural tips and tricks (19 questions), and postoperative evaluation and follow-up (13 questions). Additionally, 9 questions evaluated the experts’ experience with PCNLs. Consensus was reached on 30 questions after the second-round survey, while professional statements for the remaining 28 key questions were provided after discussion in an online panel meeting. mPCNL, characterized by a tract smaller than 18 Fr and an innovative lithotripsy technique, has firmly established itself as a viable and effective approach for managing upper urinary tract stones in both adults and pediatrics. It offers several advantages over sPCNL including reduced bleeding, fewer requirements for nephrostomy tubes, decreased pain, and shorter hospital stays. The series of detailed techniques presented here serve as a comprehensive guide for urologists, aiming to improve their procedural understanding and optimize patient outcomes.

Exploring New Paths for the Internationalization of Vocational Colleges in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

This study analyzes the internationalization development changes of one vocational college in China over the past 10 years. Based on the new requirements and trends of vocational education in the era of artificial intelligence , effective suggestions are proposed for the internationalization development of vocational education from the aspects of establishing international consulting organizations, attracting international capital investment, learn from other vocational colleges, formulating international cooperation plans, building industry education integration communities, constructing international curriculum resource databases, shortening students' learning time in school, changing classroom learning modes, increasing online practical training time, and building international cooperation alliances. This study is expected to promote the improvement of vocational colleges in curriculum construction, teaching resources, learning modes, school enterprise cooperation, and platform construction, ultimately achieving sustainable development of vocational education.

Nexus between India and Bangladesh in the Liberation War of Bangladesh: Consequences of International Agreement

The support of India and the Soviet Union was very important in the liberation war of Bangladesh, 1971 and the then East Pakistan witnessed a brutal struggle for independence. Amidst the liberation war a triangle web of international alliances and strategic moves attempt to create hegemony in this region. However, it is very urgent to understand the background of why and how India was active, and its attitude was positive in the liberation war of Bangladesh. The present study will investigate these research questions through secondary sources. This present study is qualitative in nature and historical events were explained leveraging the decision making and games theory as theoretical framework. The historic Indo-Soviet Treaty had an immediate impact on the decisive battle between India and Pakistan in the eastern war theater. This paper deals with the explanation for establishing a treaty that was signed between the Soviet Union and India. A focus has been made on the reasons for India's diplomatic role in the liberation war of Bangladesh. This paper also highlights that the friendship treaty between these two countries was not signed to help and aid East Pakistan, but its background prevailed in the 1954 SEATO treaty and aftermath in 1955 Bandung conference that made close friendship ties with USSR and India. Geopolitics, history and international politics played a vital role in signing the treaty that created a nexus between India and Bangladesh during liberation war of Bangladesh.

Lobbying from the Outside: Foreign Agents, Lobbyists, and Foreign Advocacy in the USA

AbstractIn 1938, Congress enacted the Foreign Agent Registration Act (FARA) as a tool to identify and potentially combat Nazi propaganda. In the 1960s, FARA was amended to shift its focus from capturing propaganda to documenting the advocacy relationship between foreign principals (e.g., governments, political parties, and corporations) and the US government. Today, foreign agents—those hired by foreign principals to represent their interests—are required to register with the Department of Justice unless they meet one of the eight statutory exemptions, including one that allows for the registration under the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA), a 1995 law that requires lobbyists to register with Congress. This paper provides background on FARA, LDA, and how they interact. Using data from both laws, three logit regression models test the importance of American foreign assistances and international alliance connections on a countries decision to hire an advocate in the USA. The analysis demonstrates that countries that receive have more international alliance connections with the USA are more likely to hire a foreign agent, lobbyist, or both. Those that receive more foreign assistance are more likely to hire a lobbyist or a lobbyist and a foreign agent.

Ivermectin-Based Mass Drug Administration for Scabies in Northern India: A Single-Arm Community Intervention Trial.

Scabies and impetigo cause direct health effects and contribute to severe infectious and immune-mediated complications. Ivermectin-based mass drug administration can reduce scabies and impetigo prevalence in island settings with high prevalence, but the effectiveness in moderate-prevalence settings is not known. We conducted a single-arm, before-after community intervention trial. Mass drug administration was offered to the entire population of 4 villages in Uttarakhand, India. The treatment consisted of 2 doses, given 7 days apart, of oral ivermectin (∼200 μg/kg), or topical 5% permethrin if ivermectin was contraindicated. The primary outcome was the prevalence of scabies at 12 months compared with baseline, as diagnosed using clinical assessment and the 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies criteria. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of impetigo at each time point. The trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001712190). In January 2020, 1211 participants were enrolled (100% of the estimated village population). Treatment coverage was high-1204 (99.4%) and 1177 (97.2%) received 1 and 2 doses, respectively. Scabies was diagnosed in 91 participants (7.5%) and impetigo in 15 (1.2%). In February 2021, 1190 (98.3% of baseline) participants re-enrolled, and of these 11 had scabies (0.9%; relative risk reduction, 87.7%; 95% CI, 77.1%-93.4%) and 5 had impetigo (0.4%; relative risk reduction, 66.1%; 95% CI, 7.0%-87.6%). A single round of ivermectin-based mass drug administration substantially reduced the prevalence of scabies and impetigo in this setting with moderate scabies prevalence in northern India.

EXPRESS: Can Experience with International Alliances Help Firms Navigate Jolts? a Study of Resilience Amidst the Dot-Com Bubble Burst

EXPRESS: Can Experience with International Alliances Help Firms Navigate Jolts? a Study of Resilience Amidst the Dot-Com Bubble Burst

International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guidelines on the management of pediatric urolithiasis.

The aim of this study was to construct the sixth in a series of guidelines on the treatment of urolithiasis by the International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) that by providing a clinical framework for the management of pediatric patients with urolithiasis based on the best available published literature. All recommendations were summarized following a systematic review and assessment of literature in the PubMed database from January 1952 to December 2023. Each generated recommendation was graded using a modified GRADE methodology. Recommendations are agreed upon by Panel Members following review and discussion of the evidence. Guideline recommendations were developed that addressed the following topics: etiology, risk factors, clinical presentation and symptoms, diagnosis, conservative management, surgical interventions, prevention, and follow-up. Similarities in the treatment of primary stone episodes between children and adults, incorporating conservative management and advancements in technology for less invasive stone removal, are evident. Additionally, preventive strategies aiming to reduce recurrence rates, such as ensuring sufficient fluid intake, establishing well-planned dietary adjustments, and selective use pharmacologic therapies will also result in highly successful outcomes in pediatric stone patients. Depending on the severity of metabolic disorders and also anatomical abnormalities, a careful and close follow-up program should inevitably be planned in each pediatric patient to limit the risk of future recurrence rates.

The balance of sea power in the early modern era: The Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652–1674)

The balance of power is among the foundational principles in international relations. This principle, however, has been analysed mostly in relation to land powers on the European continent, while the historiography has failed to appropriately recognize its naval aspect so far. This article compares the English and Dutch sea powers or fleets during the three Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652–1674). Warships or ships of the line were the main instruments of naval warfare, and hence key to any measurements of sea power. Detailed tables of the fleets with the number of warships and guns for the major engagements show the balance of sea power at the time. Attaining and maintaining the balance of (sea) power in the early modern era was not just an abstract idea, but also an interactive process, based on numerical analysis. The author argues that there was a real or naval balance of sea power between the fleets or alliances of fleets; that the balance of sea power was acknowledged in the international alliance treaties; and that the balance of sea power became an element of early modern political discourse.

Promoting global alliances for sustainable architectural education, training, and practice in Nigeria

The field of architecture in Nigeria is experiencing dynamic growth and development, driven by urbanisation, infrastructure demands, and a growing awareness of sustainability. To navigate these challenges and contribute to sustainable development, the study aimed to explore the potential of global alliances that enhance architectural education, training and professionalism. The study combines literature reviews, six case studies of successful international architectural alliances and 34 interviews with architectural professionals to explore the significance of promoting global alliances for sustainable architectural training, practice, and profession in Nigeria. The findings suggest that many countries, like the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United States of America, and Hong Kong, have formed alliances with architectural regulatory bodies in other nations to simplify international architectural practice. The benefits of a global architectural alliance enable architects to practice worldwide, promoting reciprocity and enhancing competitiveness and professional enhancement. Such alliances enrich architectural education, fostering the development of well-rounded professionals capable of addressing the complex challenges of the built environment. This research provides valuable insights for architectural education, training, and professional stakeholders seeking to elevate sustainable development in Nigeria. By cultivating global alliances, Nigeria can develop a thriving architectural landscape that addresses societal challenges, preserves cultural heritage, and leads the way in sustainable architectural practices.

Point-of-care ultrasound training in nephrology: a position statement by the International Alliance for POCUS in Nephrology.

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) has rapidly evolved from a niche technology to an indispensable tool across medical specialties, including nephrology. This evolution is driven by advancements in technology and the visionary efforts of clinicians in emergency medicine and beyond. Recognizing its potential, medical schools are increasingly integrating POCUS into training curricula, emphasizing its role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Despite these advancements, barriers such as limited faculty expertise and 'lack of' standardized guidelines hinder widespread adoption and regulation. The International Alliance for POCUS in Nephrology (IAPN), through this position statement, aims to guide nephrologists in harnessing the diagnostic power of POCUS responsibly and effectively. By outlining core competencies, recommending training modalities and advocating for robust quality assurance measures, we envision a future where POCUS enhances nephrology practice globally, ensuring optimal patient outcomes through informed, evidence-based decision-making. International collaboration and education are essential to overcome current challenges and realize the full potential of POCUS in nephrology and beyond.

Internationalization of Companies: a Systematic Literature Review Supported by Bibliometric Analysis

Objective: Conduct a comprehensive analysis of the internationalization of companies (IE) over the past three decades, exploring topics ranging from alliance strategies to mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Theoretical Framework: Over the past decades, the study of internationalization has gained importance with the reduction of border barriers. Hamel (1991) highlighted the role of international strategic alliances in promoting competition and learning. Multinational companies from emerging markets have become relevant, and early international expansion has driven competitiveness and innovation. Method: The methodology combines Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Bibliometric Analysis (BA), using VOSviewer 1.6.20 software to explore networks of co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence in 246 articles published between 1991 and 2023. Results and Discussion: The results revealed challenges in internationalization, such as selecting suitable partners and mitigating risks. Understanding the factors of success or failure is crucial. Opportunities include consistent product strategies that enhance global competitiveness and strategic collaborations, such as international alliances and joint ventures, which promote learning and innovation. Organizational learning offers a sustainable competitive advantage. Implications of the Research: The practical and theoretical implications discussed provide insights into how the results may influence practices in the field of alliances within a globalized business environment. Originality/Value: This study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, highlighting the importance of contextual, cultural, institutional, and economic factors in understanding the complexities of international strategic alliances.

ЕФЕКТИВНЕ ДЕРЖАВНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ І НАЦІОНАЛЬНА БЕЗПЕКА В КОНТЕКСТІ DEEP STATE

The article explores the concept of the «deep state» as a key element of ensuring sustainable public administration and national security in war and peace. The author examines global and regional development trends that affect the formation of national security and analyses the mechanisms of power and governance in different countries. Particular attention is paid to the role of informal and closed networks in influencing official policy, which allows for a deeper understanding of the sources of information wars and manipulation of public opinion. The relevance of the study is driven by the need to build a transparent, fair and democratic society, as well as to strengthen democratic institutions and protect the rights and freedoms of citizens. The analysis of the deep state allows us to identify the interconnections between state institutions, the military, intelligence services and big business, which often remain outside democratic control. The author notes that the study of the deep state is important for the protection of democratic values, increasing transparency, accountability and efficiency of governance. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the deep state on the information space and the mechanisms of manipulating public opinion through the media. Understanding these processes contributes to the development of critical thinking and the protection of citizens' rights and freedoms. In the context of globalisation, the concept of the deep state is seen as an important factor influencing international relations, trade policies and economic alliances. The study of this phenomenon helps to predict changes in global politics and the economy, which is important for the development of long-term national security strategies. The term «deep state» is used to describe a network of influential individuals or organisations that can exert significant influence on public policy beyond democratic control. This concept is actively discussed in political debates, causing controversy over its role and influence on political processes.

Scabies Emergence! A Critical Health Crisis Demands Immediate Action

Scabies, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei ectoparasites, is a skin infestation marked by itching and erythematous lesions. Recognized as a global public health issue, especially in crowded settings, it was added to the Neglected Tropical diseases list by the World Health Organization in 2017. The International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) provides diagnostic criteria, emphasizing definitive, clinical, and suspicious cases. Microscopic examination is key for a definitive diagnosis, while clinical and suspected cases rely on characteristic lesions and patient history.

Global and regional prediction of coccidiosis and ascaridiosis prevalence in extensive backyard chickens in low-income and middle-income countries

Backyard chickens usually have open housing and scavenge for food, facilitating contact with infective forms of parasites present in the environment and increasing the risk of parasitic infections. Coccidiosis and ascaridiosis are two internal parasites in scavenging chickens that cause production losses to farmers. Prevalence data of these two diseases are scarce in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) but necessary to assess the burden of disease in backyard chickens. This study estimates the clinical prevalence of coccidiosis and ascaridiosis at the country and regional levels in all LMICs using regression imputation methods. Regression models were developed with data of known prevalence of these parasites and using primarily climatic factors as predictors. A binomial random effects model was developed for each disease to impute prevalence. The overall estimated prevalence of coccidiosis was 0.39 (95 % CI: 0.37–0.42), with a higher mean prevalence in tropical countries. The overall estimated prevalence of ascaridiosis was 0.23 (95 % CI: 0.22–0.25) with a higher mean prevalence in countries with tropical, temperate and continental climates. The findings of this study can aid to identify the burdens of coccidiosis and ascaridiosis infections across countries and regions, which can inform disease control plans and, and encourage international alliances to facilitate access to preventive measures, improving animal health and reducing production losses.

Navigating the Path to Global Sustainability: Assessing the Role of Strategic Alliances in Advancing Sustainable Development Goals

The global effort of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires the cooperation of nations, organizations, and individuals to achieve a sustainable future for all. The current status of these goals shows varying degrees of progress across different regions and sectors, highlighting the significant challenges that still need to be addressed to realize the SDGs fully. Global attention is required on SDG 17, highlighting the importance of international alliances in achieving the other 16 SDGs. Identify critical challenges hindering effective collaboration and explore potential opportunities to increase alliances for sustainable development.

Early clinical response associates with long-term outcomes with ixekizumab in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis

BackgroundThe Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society-European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) management include patient assessment for biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) treatment response after at...

Hacer Topaktaş o poselstwie Franciszka Piotra Potockiego do Stambułu (1788–1793)

Reading Ottoman-Polish diplomatic relations leads to a clear conclusion that in the late 18th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had an opportunity to enter into an international alliance as a partner alongside the Ottoman Empire. Topaktaş has not attempted to create hypothetical scenarios regarding the survival or otherwise of the First Republic, but has reconstructed the idea of an Ottoman-Polish alliance in a scholarly manner, drawing on a rich body of historical sources. The publication contains innovative insights from the fields of history, political science and international relations. It takes into account the latest state of research and the results of searches personally conducted by the author. Topaktaş has almost managed to avoid factual mistakes and errors. The scale of the research apparatus used and the high specialisation of the technique of the historian of Polish-Turkish relations makes this monograph a work complementary to the diplomatic relations between the Republic of Poland and the Ottoman Empire. The reader is presented with a convincing argument alternating with a narrative that gives the impression of a reportage on the journey and stay of Franciszek Piotr Potocki - all wrapped up in academic terminology. The author has accomplished the research goals declared in the introduction. I personally believe that Topaktaşs book is a groundbreaking and inspiring treatise on the late 18th century. It is worth recommending to enthusiasts of Ottoman studies, but also to students of history interested in the subject.

National Security in The Conditions Of The Russian-Ukrainian War: Legal Regulation, Threats, Challenges

The relevance of researching this topic lies in the fact that national security is an important condition for functioning and development of an individual, society and the state. Today, problems in the sphere of national security are characterized by a large number of threats of various levels; many of such threats are global, including military conflicts and wars. Abstract-logical method, analysis, synthesis, historical method, comparison method, induction method, deduction method, generalization method, modeling method in order to determine the methodological support for studying theoretical and historical foundations of ensuring national security in conditions of martial law. Taking into account the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine, formation of new international military alliances, formation of international cooperation with the aim of strengthening security of the world community, identification of innovative ways of developing international and global security, today the issue of identifying modern problems of ensuring national security in wartime conditions is actualized. It was concluded that only cooperation can solve the urgent strategic tasks of ensuring national security in difficult world conditions and new globalization challenges.