Interfamilial Relations Research Articles

Educazione di genere e sostegno alla genitorialità. Una rete per le famiglie in tras-formazione

The essay presents initial findings from an action-participatory research project that resulted from collaboration between the FORLILPSI Department of the University of Florence and the Early Childhood Education Services of the Municipality of Livorno. Starting with an analysis of the changes affecting contemporary society and families, this research aimed to identify the resources and actions that have been promoted in the Livorno area over the last five years for gender and parenting education. The ultimate goal is to design and build an inter-institutional and inter-professional network that supports intra- and inter-family relations through an inclusive and transformative approach. The paper presents the theoretical foundations, objectives, methodology, and initial results of the project. It also presents the hypothesis of the steps to be taken to establish and operationalize the network.

Idealized Family Types: Turkey 5th Grade Social Studies Textbooks from 1978 to 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the family phenomenon included in the 5th-grade social studies textbooks published in Turkey between the years 1978-2018. This study was structured according to a qualitative research approach. The holistic multi-state pattern of this approach was preferred. The data sources of the study were chosen from the purposeful sampling methods in accordance with the critical case sampling. The data were collected according to the document analysis method. The analysis method of the research is content analysis. While the analysis was carried out, frequency and categorical analysis techniques, which are among the content analysis techniques, were employed. The following results were obtained in the study: In the interfamilial relations category, division of labour and responsibilities in the family, sharing, democracy, solidarity, special days, communication, discipline and control were included. Women were rather associated with shopping and children. In addition to these, women's motherhood and emotionality, feeding the family, and artistic spirit of women were also included. 1990 and 2010 textbooks focused on the legal status of the family. Islam and family relations were included only in 2000. The most abundant data on family functions were included in the 2018 textbook. Family types were not included in the textbooks of 1978, 1990 and 2000. In 2010 and 2018 textbooks, extended family was mentioned most.

PERAN KONSELING KELUARGA DALAM MENGATASI PERMASALAHAN KELUARGA

In essence, the family is a container that shapes and influences children’s attitudes and character. In forming a harmonious family and able to carry out their responsibilities as a family is not an easy thing, many families are unable to carry out their functions properly. The inability of the family in fostering harmonious relationships will be able to trigger problems in the family. Therefore, counseling provides a solution, namely the existence of a counseling service that is family in nature in finding and creating harmonious and balanced psychological conditions. Family counseling aims to encourage family members to have tolerance, realistic perceptions and be able to motivate and encourage family members. This research is library study, which is a data collecting step, examine and analyze data taken from the written literature that is relevant and related to problems that occur in a family. In this study, the focal point is the role of family counseling in overcoming family problems. Therefore, there are various problems that often arise in families and family counseling is one solution that can solve these problems. Meanwhile, this type of data uses primary and secondary data. In addition, the data analysis used reduction technique, presentation and verification and continued checking data for validity. The study results, the Problems that often arise in a family include sexual problems, education, work, inter and inter-family relations, economics, health, and religious issues. These problems are taken from various expert opinions based on family problems. Therefore, family counseling plays a very important role in helping to solve family problems in finding and creating harmonious and balanced psychological conditions so that families become harmonious and happy and families can carry out their functions properly.

The parenting attitudes and effects on their gifted children: a literature review

Family is essential for physical, emotional, social developments of the gifted children. The parenting attitudes could affects the child's emotional and social development. This literature review was conducted to examine parenting attitudes and effects on their gifted children. According to inclusion criteria, 11 studies were included in study. Gifted children perceived parental attitudes as tolerant and democratic, while peer groups perceived them as authoritarian and permissive. It was also found that the authoritarian attitudes of the parents of the gifted children have negative impacts on children mental developments, anxiety level, sense of self, inter-family relations and on level of well-being. The having democratic, tolerant attitudes of parents of gifted children will increase the academic performance, self-esteem, well-being, and relations among the family members. It has been determined that the partnership of the parenting attitudes of the mother and the father should be and the mother-child interaction is important.

Contemporary Chinese Philosophy and the Importance of Confucian Kinship Relations

Li Zehou belongs to the most influential Chinese philosophers of our time. This paper will present a critical introduction of his theory regarding the consolidation of the specific Confucian system of kinship relations, which for him forms a crucial foundation of traditional Chinese social order. In Confucianism, the inter-familial relations form a basis of the social system, in which interpersonal relations are of utmost importance and which Li therefore denotes as “relationalism”. According to him, this kinship-based Confucian model originates in shamanistic rituality performed by Neolithic humans living in the land occupied by modern-day China. These Neolithic cultures were rather advanced and based their societies on small-scale semi-agricultural production, in which communities were mainly constructed through kinship relationships. Shamanistic ceremonies were enhancing and strengthening the awareness of such social unities. These early collective rites, especially those that include music and dance, had a powerful effect on early humans, creating intense feelings of respect, love and loyalty, and thus forming a basis for the Confucian social order based upon kinship relations, and the Confucian ethics, rooted in interpersonal humanness. Li’s theory of the shamanist origins of Confucian relationalism will be critically illuminated through the lens of current historical and anthropological scholarship on shamanist rituality and their function within the corresponding cultural orders.

Sweeter dreams, bitter conclusions: effects of transnational marriage on the social structure in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Transnational marriage, involving mostly young women in Ethiopia and migrant men, has effects on the society in Ethiopia. This study analyses how transnational marriage is envisaged by and how this imagination affects the lives of women and intra-and inter-family relations. The analysis relies on qualitative data collected in interviews, FGDs, observations, and document analysis. The findings from a triangulated data reveal that the narratives of affluence and the imaginary success linked to this marriage creates a fragile negotiation power among women in quest of migrant husbands, which eventually leaves them involuntary singles and single-mothers. It also highlights dysfunctional relations and intra-family disorder stemming from contrary desires of household members in the marriage and its returns as an inherent feature. Inter-household conflict and lasting enmity is another constituent of the social ills of transnational marriage.

A reason for the unmet needs of children in contact with social services? Non-resident fathers’ perspectives on delinquent child maintenance claims

BackgroundOften times, during (after) divorce or separation, fathers in Ghana are reported to the Department of Social Welfare for not honouring their child maintenance obligations. Social workers at the Department of Social Welfare make arrangements with the non-resident fathers to ensure that they perform their financial obligations. Yet, evidence suggests that many fathers do not meet the obligations to make the financial contributions, potentially placing the wellbeing of vulnerable children in single parent families at risk. ObjectiveThe study sought to explore the underlining reasons why fathers in Ghana do not meet their child maintenance obligations. The study hopes to develop some understanding about ways to appropriately provide support for children in families facing delinquent child maintenance cases. Participants and settingThirteen non-resident fathers (ages 19–50 years) in contact with the Department of Social Welfare took part in the study. MethodsData from in-depth interviews with the 13 participants were coded following strategies from the constructivist grounded theory. The coding process was managed with NVivo 12 qualitative software. ResultsMatrilineal inheritance, stressful interfamilial relations, poverty and unemployment were the main reasons reported by fathers as contributing to their defaulting child maintenance. The study shows that cultural values, extended family members’ opinions and attitudes towards non-resident fathers have significant impact on payment decisions. ConclusionThe findings highlight the need to challenge the negative implications of cultural beliefs and practices, and orient parents on their mandatory responsibilities towards children. In view of the cultural influence, we advocate for the adoption of a multi-perspective where both patrikin and matrikin are integrated in particular families irrespective of ethnic origins. The adoption of this perspective should begin with an acknowledgement among family members to prioritise the wellbeing of their children over cultural discourses which could serve as hindrances to child wellbeing. Social workers should have an understanding of these cultural values and the implications on the wellbeing of children in families with delinquent child maintenance cases.

Li Zehou’s ethics and the importance of Confucian kinship relations: the power of shamanistic rituality and the consolidation of relationalism (關係主義)

ABSTRACT Li Zehou belongs to the most important contemporary Chinese philosophers. This paper presents a critical introduction of his theory regarding the consolidation of the specific Confucian system of kinship relations, which for him forms a crucial foundation of traditional Chinese social order. In Confucianism, the inter-familial relations form a basis of the social system, in which interpersonal relations are of utmost importance and which Li therefore denotes as ‘relationalism’. Shamanistic ceremonies were enhancing and strengthening the awareness of such social unities. These early collective rites, especially those that include music and dance, had a powerful effect on early humans, creating intense feelings of respect, love and loyalty, and thus forming a basis for the Confucian social order. Li’s theory of the shamanist origins of Confucian relationalism will be illuminated through the lens of current historical and anthropological scholarship on shamanist rituality and their function within the corresponding cultural orders.

Східнослов’янська педагогіка про ставлення до малої дитини (в етнографічних джерелах хіх – першої чверті хх ст.)

The article is based on the analysis of ethnographic sources of the 19th - the first quarter of the 20th century. Features of the attitude towards the child in the Eastern Slavic folk pedagogy, the study and writing of which begins with the development of ethnography, have been characterized. In the nineteenth century. The interest of European scholars in the history and origin of the Slavic peoples is deepening, in ethnographic science there appears their division into the Eastern, the Western and the Southern. The Eastern Slavic group is represented by Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians. In the publication the folk pedagogy of the 19th – the first quarter of the 20th century is considered as a separate branch of knowledge with a clearly defined purpose of education and means for its achievement, and at the same time – a part of the vital activity of human society. Folk pedagogy emphasized the importance of mother and father, the whole family in the upbringing of the child, different age periods in the development of the child, the upbringing was carried out according to these age periods, the socialization of the individual occurred according to a system of values related to folk traditions in family and social relations. In the article it has been pointed out that from the first birthday the upbringing and socialization of the child were influenced by the traditional rural family, which existed until the 1920s. The family way of life of and the peculiarities of communicating with the children were decisive for the formation of the child’s first skills, from which largely depended its future behavior. The author considers the Eastern Slavic family as an institution in which the first and most valuable experience was formed – the children acquired important working skills, learned basic norms and rules of behavior. The peasant family in the traditional East Slavic society of the nineteenth and first quarters of the twentieth century was a social institute with a well-organized mechanism of inter-family relations, with clearly fixed responsibilities of each of its members according to the gender and age distribution of work. The children from the youngest age were involved into the traditions. The whole way of life of the Eastern Slavic peasants of the 19th - the first quarter of the 20th century promoted the upbringing of the child by work and in labor, fostered respect for the elders and caring attitude towards the younger ones. The author examines the attitude of Eastern Slavic peoples towards children with mental and physical disabilities. The history of the Eastern Slavic peoples testifies that the traditions of humane, compassionate attitude towards unfortunate children began to be established in folk pedagogy even during the period of tribal relations. The attention is drawn to the process of establishing orphanage and upbringing of orphans, which existed in two main forms: individual and collective. The author concludes that according to the folk philosophy of the Eastern Slavic peoples of the 19th - the first quarter of the 20th century. The main function of the family is the birth and upbringing of children as the continuators of the family, who were to nurture, multiply and transmit the family culture of customs and traditions to the next generations.

Functional activity of the brain depending on the degree of severity occupational noise-induced hearing loss

Thresholds of acoustical sensitivity, levels of perception of shepotny, informal conversation, UPP, characteristic of SSVP, neuropsychological features at 45 patients with easy degree of PNST (LONIHL) and at 50 - with moderate degree of ONIHL (UONIHL) are studied. LCP in the left frontal (Fs), central dark (Pz) leads increased in persons with ONIHL, and the inter-peak interval of the N13-N20 characterizing the central conduct time increased. The FAB, unlike the LONIHL, is characterized by deterioration of cognitive activity in the form of easily pronounced decrease of visual memory functions, expressive speech, FAB scale value indicating priority dysfunction of frontal, dark-occipital lobes, subcortical cerebral structures. Neurofunctional markers in UONIHL are the reduction of the indicators of the interfamily relations on the frontal department, conceptual thinking, visual image memory, expressive speech, MMSE and FAB tests, the increase of LCP in the left temporal, central dark, occipital right central N13-N20, inter-peak N25.

Preschool age children, divorce and adjustment: a case study in Greek kindergarten

Introduction. The aim of this research, which was carried out in 2010, is the comparative study of the psychosocial adjustment of preschool children from divorced and nuclear families in the nursery school.Method. The sample of the study consisted of 60 students (mean age = 5.21), 30 preschool children of divorced parents and 30 preschool children from nuclear families that are enrolled in public kinder-gartens. The Preschool teachers of the students were interviewed and answered questions with regard to children‟s school adaptation. Moreover, children drew an imaginary family in the frame of test of family.Results. The results showed that both groups do not differ as to the general school adjustment, social skills and school performance, but there were significant correlations between the quality of interpersonal relationships and school performance, and the form of the family and the emergence of emotional and / or behavior problems. Finally, the analysis of children's drawings showed significant differentiations between the two groups of the sample at hand.Discussion. The results of the present study confirm the value of children‟s drawing and especially of the family test as a diagnostic and evaluative tool of the power of the interfamilial relations and representations that the child has shaped about his/her family. The contemporary kindergarten, which primarily aims at children‟s cognitive, social and emotional development, can support these children, who, at such tender age, face difficult situations in life. Constant work and effort are required to improve the work of preschool teachers, the upgrading of preschool educational programs and the provision of help to as many children as possible, regardless of conditions and circumstances. Kindergarten and primary school could offer „abilities rather than disabilities‟ to children of all social classes and family background, as we should not forget that children‟s adaptation and success in school are closely related to their social and emotional wellbeing.

Chart of Uncompleted Suicide Behavior Regarding Individual, Social and Psychological Factors

The purpose of the study was to construct a profile of uncompleted suicide attempts regarding individual, social and psychological factors. The study was carried out through a qualitative research method with 194 females and 44 males, totally 238 individuals who attempted to commit suicide. Data was obtained through a structured interview form by means of interviewing face-to-face with participants analyzed by frequencies and percentages. Suicide characteristics that have been frequently seen in individuals who attempt to suicide are mostly women, whose age is between 15-20, are first child, are single and high school graduates, whose economical level is moderate, live in country town and do not have any job, have inconsistent parental attitude and weak interfamilial relations, had no trauma experience and psychological support, have low level of social support perception, do not use any drug, had attempted to suicide before, who have self-blames before a suicide attempt, and who did not leave a message before the attempt. Language: en

Pathological Structural Changes at Migrants' Families

Objects The modern circumstances of migration processes in Russia are unique in comparison with other countries. The mental states of children, their adaptation depended on interfamily relations and dialogue within a family, its educational potential that was determined by the structure of a family, social, material and educational status of parents. Methods There were used personal questionnaires, PARI method and Test-Questionnaire of Parental Attitude (QPA). Besides, Pathocharacterological Diagnostic Questionnaire by Lychko (PDQ) and a list of projective tests was applied to reveal characterological and psychological peculiarities of children. Results In the most families before migration, it was possible to ascertain such conditions and style of upbringing, which characterized families as stable and safe. After migration, children get in the situation of long-term intensity with constant risk of adaptation mechanisms failure. The families, which structure after migration transformation became most abnormal, have incurred the greatest loss. Parents had feeling hopelessness, mood was reduced to depressions, discipline in a family fell down and ability to constructive actions was lost. There was also moral fall with complete disharmony and pedagogical inconsistency, and children suffered from diverse deprivations. Conclusion The complex of social and psychological influences accompanying by stress of social changes during migration fatally influenced on psychological health of family and its structure. Thus, the degree of disorder in great extent was determined by quality of the social-psychological characteristics, which were inherent in families before migration from the one hand and an adequate competitive psychological and therapeutic care on the other.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ МЛАДШЕГО ШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА В ДИСФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СЕМЬЯХ

Primary school age is a stage of significant personal changes of a child, including the identity formation as a result of a major restructuring of the system of relations of the child within the family. Background : The aim is to study the influence of a dysfunctional family system on the identity formation of primary school-aged children. Methods: There were examined seven-year-old children, secondary school pupils from families with signs of dysfunctionality (n =42). To assess interfamilial relations there were used proprietary methodologies and standardized tests diagnosing a role structure of the family, emotional sphere of children, peculiarities of the child identification with family members, signs of the family dysfunctionality. Results : It is revealed that the process of identity formation in primary school-aged children in dysfunctional families is characterized by expressed difficulties in identifying himself with family members. In 33% of cases the low hierarchical position and the typical female role characteristics are ascribed to father. To the contrary, the male social role position in 47% of cases is attributed to mother. The ambivalence of the child’s self-relation and his relation to family members is revealed. Therewith, 38% of girls’ profiles coincide either with the set of characteristics of fathers, or equally with sets of characteristics of both parents. The negative emotional state is diagnosed in 62% of children. Conclusion : It is established that in dysfunctional families the interfamilial relations and role structure have specific features, negatively influencing on the child development and the formation of his personality. Key words: children, primary school age, dysfunctional family, identity formation .

The Ethics of Human Cloning in Narrative Fiction

The Ethics of Human Cloning in Narrative Fiction

Dutch Women and Balinese Men: Intimacies, Popular Discourses and Citizenship Rights

The present article looks how intimate liaisons between Dutch women and Balinese men are intertwined in complex and sometimes paradoxical ways in regard to class position, gender ideologies and immigration policy in the contemporary Netherlands. Central to this analysis is a dialogue between Dutch women, their Balinese partners and popular discourse about Dutch women who marry ‘the other men’. I examine how citizenship regulations that play a significant role in interfamilial relations of interdependency form complex gender dynamics, and how Dutch women's rhetoric about the emancipation of Dutch women and desire for a companionate marriage tend to collide with the practices of everyday life. I argue that gender ideologies in these cross-cultural liaisons are conceptualised and reconceptualised in relation to ‘gender imaginings’. I suggest that the ideals of companionate marriage, favoured by Dutch women, are linked directly to ideals of modernity and individualism, in which particular scripts of gender relations are used to differentiate progressive individuals from those who are not.

Hidden victim of incestuous father: Case report

Due to the societal attitude against incestuous relationship, its prohibition became universal throughout the world. It is related to the cultural obstacles for it implies violation of moral and moral comprehension about interfamilial relations. However, the incest is mostly unreported, hardly detected and recognized because the child - hidden victim of incest, shame and fear is suffering in silence. Therefore, probability of prevention, support and treatment of the victim is decreased while severe psychological consequences are increased. It is known that, in certain cases, when the mother get to know about incestuous relationship between her daughter and the father, due to various interests and dependence-related reasons, the child is forced not to report on it. As those crimes mostly occur in private circle of the family, with no witnesses, even if reported, the perpetrator is usually released due to a lack of evidence, which will be illustrated in this case report. Sexual taboos, especially present in undeveloped countries, contribute to the expansion of societal moral crisis and sexual delinquency, as well as to the alienation and isolation of its victims. Our future should be marked with more efforts invested in raising public awareness about the presence of this problem in our country and a comprehensive care for children where multidisciplinary approach is required.

Quality of Life Analysis of Renal Donors

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life of renal donors during long-term follow-up. Patients and Methods The short form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire was compared between renal donors and the general population. We evaluated the relationship to postoperative complications and preoperative information with the quality of life. Results Fifty renal donors of mean age 55.8 ± 12 years (range, 29–70 years) had a mean follow-up of 55.1 ± 47.2 months (range, 12–168 months). Complications after donor nephrectomy were related with physical function loss ( r = −.397; P < .05) and vitality ( r = −.463; P = .01). Renal donor candidates who did not have satisfactory information before the operation experienced difficulty with decision making ( r = −.555; P = .0001). Physical function, limitation of physical role and limitation of emotional role were comparable to the general population. Pain scale was worse among donors compared with the general population ( P = .001). Educational status of renal donors was related to the pain scale and vitality ( r = .369; P < .05 and r = .523; P < .05, respectively). General health perception, vitality, mental health, and social functioning were worse compared with the general population ( P = .0001, P = .002, P = .0001, and P = .001, respectively). Health problems occurring after donation were related to negation of interfamily relations ( r = .695; P = .0001). Conclusions Reducing complications after nephrectomy will directly increase the quality of the donor’s life. Informing renal donor candidates and their families about the postoperative course with consideration of the candidate’s and his or her family’s educational status is a sociological approach which helps to increase the donor’s quality of life. In addition to good patient selection/preparation, meticulous surgery, and follow-up.

Hyperactivité chez l'enfant : réflexions sur les mécanismes psychopathologiques sous-jacents

Requests for consultations in child psychiatry for cases of hyperactivity with or without attention deficit disorder (ADHD) have increased markedly in the last few years. Hyperactivity is presently the most frequently occurring psychopathological disorder in young children. This change could be linked to the mediatisation of this disorder and to a lowering of the threshold of tolerance to behavior disorders and externalized conduct in a 'hyper-controlled' society. We could also question the subjective character of this poorly defined clinical entity about which there is no strict consensus. Thus, early detection of troubles which would allow us to diagnose hyperactivity before the age of four also beg the question of comorbid diagnoses (oppositional behavior or aggressiveness) and above all questions the interactive system in which the young child is developing. The Anglo-Saxon approach tends to consider hyperactivity as a complete syndromic entity (this is encouraged by the diagnostic criteria – essentially behavioral – of the DSM IV), favoring an organic approach (due to the importance of genetic inheritability). The European approach, the minority approach, does not dissociate the problem from its environmental context and pays more attention to affective problems, to the structuring of the personality and to inter-family relations. This second approach will be developed by the authors, giving preference to two stages, on the one hand (1) that of the process of separation – individuation, symbolization and socialization, and on the other hand, (2) that of the establishment of the process of secondary narcissism, of the role of psychic instances which are the ego ideal, the ideal ego and the superego. They will also consider (3) societal evolution and the functioning of the family, shedding light on the maternal or paternal role in the genesis of problems of hyperactivity. These clinical considerations lead the authors to suggest a distinction between two types of clinical hyperactivity which they will discuss based on their practices and on the literature: 1)“Hyperactivity with early behavioral problems, due mainly to the problematics of separation” and 2) “Attention problems with hyperactivity, anxiety, difficulties at school, due mainly to narcissistic problems.” These two types can be said to correspond in some way to the categorical forms of ADD and ADHD (according to the criteria of the DSM IV): 1) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type and 2) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive Type. They are also akin to the findings of various authors who have attempted to reveal the particularities of anxious hyperactive subjects as compared to non-anxious hyperactive subjects, or of behavioral hyperactivity as compared to cognitive hyperactivity. Several principles of therapeutic treatment will be referred to for each clinical type.

Histoire de la famille et histoire des mentalités

This year's Distinguished Historian, Professor Jean-Louis Flandrin of the Université de Paris 8 - Vincennes and the Ecole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, surveyed the state of his major field of interest, the inter-relationship between family and psychological history. These are relatively new fields, and the links between them are comparatively unexplored as a result. Yet, in spite of some false starts, much has been accomplished, the work-in-progress contains great promise and the possible avenues for future work are almost limitless. Much will be achieved if the crossfertilization of the various disciplines continues. The author then reviews the sub-fields of family history, and cites those works, both published and unpublished, which appear to offer fresh insights and/or research approaches. Problems and weaknesses are also considered. For example, while Georges Duby's book, Le chevalier, la femme et le prêtre is highly praised as a pathfinding study which should be the inspiration for much future work in the area of the study of the evolution of Christian marriage, Professor Flandrin outlines his reservations regarding certain of Duby's theses. Similarly, the work of Edward Shorter and Elizabeth Bandinter receives more than passing criticism. Professor Flandrin devotes the greatest amount of comment to the topic of the quality and nature of interfamily relations over time - a topic which, he concludes, has roused much sterile and unproductive debate but which is richly documented in the sources and ought to be the object of considerable research in the future. Other topics of comment include a) the size and structure of the domestic unit b) the nature of family ties c) the intermarriage of family members d) the various motivations for marriage over time e) the evolution of the notion of a Christian marriage f) the mores surrounding sexual relations within marriage g) feelings between and among family members The author concludes with a warning of the need to be sensitive to the variety of interpretation possible in assessing historical behaviour which may vary widely from our own contemporary cultural norms.