Interdisciplinary Perspective Research Articles

Appropriation of Digital Machines and Appropriation of Fixed Capital as the Real Appropriation of Social Being: A Comment on Toni Negri’s Article “The Appropriation of Fixed Capital: A Metaphor?”

This article is a reflection and comment on Toni Negri’s essay “The Appropriation of Fixed Capital: A Metaphor?”. The comment first points out aspects of Negri’s reception of Marx. It stresses the continuities of the Grundrisse and Capital. In both, we can find a dialectical concept of technology. Second, this paper points out that Negri’s notion of the appropriation of technology/fixed capital should best be read as a critique of techno-optimism à la Marshall McLuhan and of techno-pessimism à la Martin Heidegger. Negri advances a dialectical concept of appropriation that is focused on the appropriation, and therefore transformation, of technology and society. Third, this reflection asks: What does it mean to appropriate digital machines? Concrete strategies of digital appropriation are outlined. The author argues that commons-public partnerships can be powerful political means of struggle against digital capitalism.Acknowledgement: This article was first published as a book chapter. It is reproduced based on a Creative Commons licence. Original source: Fuchs, Christian. 2019. Appropriation of Digital Machines and Appropriation of Fixed Capital as the Real Appropriation of Social Being: Reflections on Toni Negri’s Chapter. In Digital Objects, Digital Subjects: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Capitalism, Labour and Politics in the Age of Big Data, 215-221. London: University of Westminster Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book29.s

The Appropriation of Fixed Capital: A Metaphor?

In the debate on the impact of digital technology on society, considering that digital technologies have profoundly changed the way we learn and communicate, and especially the “mode of production”, and remembering that this transformation takes place in an era of capitalist economic hegemony – the hypothesis often arises that the producer is transformed by the use of this machine. There is speculation that the user incorporates the instrumentality of the digital machine. Furthermore, when one recognizes that capitalist production develops its process of value creation by using cognitive labour power (and that this form of value production becomes more and more prominent) the technological incorporation of the cognitive cooperation of workers, seems to become ever more central to capitalist exploitation. Consequently, in the Marxist debate, people have started talking of an “appropriation of fixed capital” by the digitized worker and by the cognitive producer. This article asks: Are these simply metaphors? It discusses the relationship of living labour and digital machines. It stresses that digital machines do not determine society and human fate but can be appropriated by social struggles for the commons. It grounds the analysis of the digital in Karl Marx’s works on technology and fixed capital. It concludes that autonomous spheres of digital self-valorisation can be established through social struggles that aim at advancing social co-operation and the commons. Acknowledgement: This article was translated from Italian to English by Michele Ledda with editorial support by Christian Fuchs, David Chandler, and Sara Raimondi. The paper is based on a talk that Antonio Negri gave at the 7th ICTs and Society Conference “Digital Objects, Digital Subjects: An Interdisciplinary Symposium on Activism, Research & Critique in the Age of Big Data Capitalism” on May 20, 2017, at the University of Westminster in London. The video of this talk is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htm5xwAl-kE The video of the commenting and Q&A session that followed can be watched here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-smmdOz9gIU The manuscript of Negri’s talk was published as part of a conference volume. It is reprinted based on a Creative Commons licence. Acknowledgement: Negri, Antonio. 2019. The Appropriation of Fixed Capital: A Metaphor? In Digital Objects, Digital Subjects: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Capitalism, Labour and Politics in the Age of Big Data, edited by David Chandler and Christian Fuchs, 205-214. London: University of Westminster Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book29.r. License: CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. The original article was published in Italian in the journal EuroNomade and translated into English with permission: https://www.euronomade.info/appropriazione-di-capitale-fisso-una-metafora/

Enhancing Health Capital and Promoting Common Prosperity from the Perspective of Emerging Technologies

Achieving common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and requires promoting social fairness and justice by improving the health level of the entire population. Health capital plays a crucial role in personal development, social mobility, and economic growth. However, health disparities among different groups also constrain income distribution and social mobility. In the process of building a healthy China, emerging technologies have provided new paths for narrowing health inequalities and improving health capital. This paper first analyzes how inequality in health capability affects social mobility and then explores the application of emerging technologies such as internet healthcare, artificial intelligence, wearable devices, and genetic technology in promoting public health. It also presents practical cases to demonstrate the positive role of these technologies in improving medical efficiency and quality. In terms of theoretical foundation, the paper comprehensively applies theories of human capital, social stratification, and public economics, striving to deepen the understanding of the relationship between health and common prosperity from an interdisciplinary perspective. Finally, policy suggestions are put forward in terms of optimizing fiscal expenditure structure, improving health insurance, and incentivizing health promotion. The challenges and countermeasures that may be faced in policy implementation are also discussed. Narrowing the health gap requires leveraging the empowering role of emerging technologies, optimizing health investment structure, and improving policy systems while adhering to the concept of co-construction and sharing. This will ultimately enable the entire population to share the fruits of healthy development and provide a health foundation for promoting common prosperity.

Where is the patriarchy?: A review and research agenda for the concept of patriarchy in management and organization studies

AbstractIn this paper I analyze 30 years of research on patriarchy in top management and organization studies (MOS) journals, and I map out an agenda for (re)igniting patriarchy as both a topic of study and lens for viewing key MOS issues in a new light. I organize my review (175 articles) around three themes: intersections, subjects, and contexts. By intersections I refer to the nuanced ways that scholars define patriarchy, adopting interdisciplinary and intersectional perspectives to understand the diversity of women's experiences under patriarchal domination. By subjects I refer to the primary focus on women's experiences, and on the ways that women's subjectivities are socially constituted and negotiated within patriarchal discourses of work and organizational life. By contexts I refer to the sites where MOS research has investigated patriarchy, as well as the ways this research has framed patriarchy itself as a context. Based on this thematic review, I outline a future research agenda to further refine the concept in MOS in three key ways. I call for increased research approaches that center the structural/political forces of patriarchy and gender, increased focus on the experiences of men as agents and subjects of patriarchal domination, and increased attention on patriarchy in Western contexts to redress the overrepresentation of research on patriarchy in the Global South. I conclude that patriarchy is an important line of inquiry for MOS, and that further attention to the concept would enable MOS research to contribute more fully to contemporary debates on gender.

Customer-Centric Strategies: Navigating the Dynamics of Marketing Management for Competitive Advantage

The purpose of this study is to examine the significance of customer-centric strategies in marketing management and their implications for organizational success. Adopting a literature review approach, this research synthesizes insights from various disciplines to elucidate the multifaceted nature of customer-centricity. The research design employs a qualitative approach, drawing on existing scholarship to elucidate key concepts and frameworks in customer-centricity. The findings highlight the paramount importance of prioritizing customer needs and preferences, aligning organizational culture and processes with customer goals, and leveraging technological innovations to enhance customer experiences. The discussion underscores the challenges and opportunities presented by the digitalization of commerce, emphasizing the need for organizations to adapt and innovate in response to changing consumer behaviors and market dynamics. The implications of this study extend to both theory and practice, offering valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers alike. By embracing a customer-centric mindset and integrating interdisciplinary perspectives, organizations can develop robust strategies that drive sustainable competitive advantage in today's dynamic markets.

Health and wellbeing in the face of crises associated with climate or conflict: how can knowledge from the humanities and social sciences help us respond to disasters?

This commentary considers how SHAPE (Social-Sciences Humanities & the Arts for People and the Economy) disciplines contribute to interdisciplinarity, inclusiveness and international cooperation in work to address the challenges to health and wellbeing arising from crises and to inform strategies for crisis preparation, response and recovery. It reviews examples of strategies to address growing international concerns about the global challenges we face, given the increasing scale and frequency of crises arising due to geopolitical conflicts and climate change. In spring 2023, the British Academy, aided by funding from the Wellcome Trust, held three virtual workshops to discuss how we can protect and sustain good health during and after crises precipitated by extreme events associated with climate change or conflicts in various settings around the world. The discussion highlighted the need for Interdisciplinary perspectives, and how knowledge and experience from SHAPE disciplines can complement STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics) perspectives, helping to inform disaster response strategies and to develop more ‘systemic’ preparedness to protect health during crises. The significant roles of governmental agencies and non-governmental organisations, and the importance of international cooperation were acknowledged. The discussion also emphasised the need to acknowledge the importance of using effective means to engage with stakeholders in communities at the local scale, whose lived experience and knowledge, often embedded in cultures and traditions, can usefully inform ‘joined-up’ policy and practice. A case was also made for more inclusive strategies: for example, acknowledging the vital roles of women during and after disasters.

The Role of Marketing Research in Understanding Consumer Behavior and Preferences

The research aims to explore the transformative impact of digital channels and online platforms on contemporary consumer behavior, with a focus on understanding the role of social media and personalized marketing strategies. Employing a comprehensive research design, the study integrates insights from diverse disciplines, including consumer psychology, digital analytics, and economic considerations. Methodologically, a systematic literature review and qualitative analysis are conducted to synthesize findings from recent research studies, providing a nuanced understanding of the dynamics shaping consumer-brand interactions in the digital age. The findings highlight the significance of digital channels in reshaping consumer preferences and purchasing decisions, emphasizing the role of social media platforms and personalized experiences in driving brand engagement and loyalty. Implications for businesses include the necessity to adopt digital-first approaches, leverage advanced analytics tools, and prioritize consumer-centric strategies to remain competitive in the evolving marketplace. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives and ongoing research efforts to explore emerging trends and technologies that continue to shape consumer behavior and market dynamics.

Sustaining Prosperity: Exploring Fiscal and Financial Sustainability in the Context of Dynamic Fiscal Policy

Purpose: This study explores how fiscal policy and financial sustainability support sustainable economic prosperity amid global instability. It examines the impact of government taxation and spending decisions on economic outcomes, aggregate demand, employment, inflation, social welfare, infrastructure development, and income inequality. Financial sustainability is analyzed through prudent fiscal management and debt sustainability, focusing on long-term government finance viability and mitigating fiscal risks. Research Design and Methodology: The study employs a qualitative methodology, incorporating a comprehensive literature review of theoretical works, empirical studies, and policy analyses. Data is collected through systematic reviews of scholarly articles, books, policy reports, and official publications. Thematic analysis techniques, including coding and categorization, synthesize findings, with reflexivity to consider assumptions and biases. Findings and Discussion: The research underscores the importance of flexibility and adaptability in fiscal policy, highlighting automatic stabilizers and countercyclical policies for economic stabilization and sustainable growth. Prudent debt management, including debt restructuring and fiscal consolidation, is vital for mitigating fiscal risks and ensuring debt sustainability. The findings emphasize integrating fiscal sustainability with broader economic and social goals and the need for institutional reforms and international cooperation to enhance fiscal governance. Implications: The study provides insights for policymakers on the importance of fiscal prudence and sustainability. It advocates for a balanced approach that addresses short-term stabilization and long-term goals and calls for institutional reforms to improve fiscal discipline, transparency, and accountability. By integrating interdisciplinary perspectives, policymakers can develop resilient and sustainable fiscal policies that promote long-term prosperity and social equity.

Cork oak woodlands and decline: a social-ecological review and future transdisciplinary approaches

AbstractCork oak woodlands are socio-ecosystems recognized as biodiversity hotspots, a fundamental economic source for companies and local communities as well as an identitarian landscape for residents and visitors. Cork oak woodlands, however, are facing tree mortality and lack of regeneration. Considering the oak decline scenario, we present Iberian cork oak montado/dehesa as a socio-ecosystem facing climate change, management transformations, local knowledge crisis and social uncertainty. We review montados/dehesas research through time and by different scholar perspectives. We defend that from an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspective, including the experience and evidence observed in terrain, debate should be stimulated, and novel conceptual approaches may contribute to finding solutions. We argue that the confluence of ecology, genetics, anthropology and local knowledge can be explored to unveil the complexities and the challenges of these socio-ecosystems and contribute to prevent and mitigate threats to it. We propose a methodological approach built together with scientists, managers and workers, that can explore oak translocations, socio-ecological interactions models, knowledge transfer and other ways to overcome Iberian cork oak woodlands socio-environmental crisis.

Tracing the Feminist Maternal in a European Context: A Review

“What might motherhood and Europe have to do with one another?” is a question posed by Lisa Baraitser in the Foreword to the collection, Motherhood in Literature and Culture: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from Europe. The question is certainly pertinent at a time when the very concept of Europe as a geopolitical space and an imaginary construct is being interrogated and critiqued from both within and without the carefully policed borders of the European Union project. It is also pertinent given the increased amount of scholarship on the maternal produced by scholars occupying various transnational locations and positionalities, working to deconstruct unitary and essentialist ideas about mothers and motherhood. The possibility of identifying a specifically European maternal theoretical and lived space thus invites us to carefully theorize the diversity of European contexts, a diversity that is often occluded or elided by easy references to Eurocentric bias in feminist research, as well as the dis/continuities between European-based and Anglo-American feminist scholarship on the maternal. And yet, precisely because the work of mothering always unfolds within specific micro and macro geographic, social, cultural, and ideological spaces, the question merits closer attention. In this essay I consider the cluster of three books delineating the contours of an Italian, as well as a more broadly conceptualized European, philosophy of the maternal in light of these evolving academic and experiential realities.

The effects of mobile phone dependence on athletic performance and its mechanisms

Mobile phone dependence (also known as internet dependence, MPD), defined as a problematic behavior characterized by excessive use or intermittent craving to use a mobile phone, results in various social, behavioral, and affective problems in daily life. In sports, MPD is directly related to the physical and mental health and sports performance of athletes. The individual and environmental factors, neurobiological mechanisms and theoretical models of MPD affecting athletic performance were analyzed by reviewing previous studies, aiming to construct effective training and development protocols to prevent and control the occurrence of MPD in athletes. At present, athletic performance can be affected by MPD through individual factors and environmental factors. The neurobiological mechanisms between the two are based on the brain reward system and microwave radiation from mobile phones, with athletic performance being restricted by alterations in the corresponding brain regions. Relevant theoretical models mainly include the social cognitive model of self-regulation and the integrative model of self-control, which explain the interrelationship between MPD and athletic performance from the perspectives of athletes’ self-regulation and self-control, respectively. As an emerging phenomenon, the influence pathways and mechanisms by which MPD affects athletic performance need to be further investigated. A longitudinal perspective should be adopted to trace the dynamic impact relationship between the two, and developing relevant theoretical frameworks from an interdisciplinary research perspective should be valuable for providing theoretical support for coaches and sports administrators to formulate scientific training protocols and thus improve the mental health of athletes.

«Печально зимой в Булуне»: А. В. Боголепов о повседневности заполярной Якутии в 1913–1916 гг.

Goals. The article introduces an unknown manuscript by A. Bogolepov titled ‘Bulun Village of Verkhoyansk District (Yakutsk Oblast)’ and compiled during an exile to the isolated Arctic locality of Yakutia. The narrative was written before the revolutionary events of 1917 and is of certain interest since it lacks any political bias, being characterized by restrained neutrality and sufficient depth of observations over everyday realias of the small northern settlement. A. Bogolepov’s text is attractive for the breadth of issues covered, its consonance with the social and cultural problems faced by the era and discussed by the advanced public. So, it seems reasonable enough to publish the identified document for further discussion in an interdisciplinary perspective. Materials and methods. The manuscript was discovered at the State Archive of Irkutsk Oblast (Coll. 293 ‘East Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society’). Furthermore, in search of additional data on the former’s author we investigated the State Archive of Altai Krai (Barnaul), State Archive of Krasnoyarsk Krai (Krasnoyarsk), National Archive of Sakha-Yakutia (Yakutsk), Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) and its St. Petersburg Branch, and the efforts have yielded a variety of precious finds. The methodological basis rests on the principles characteristic of the field the researchers are actually engaged in — cryoanthropology. Results. The discovered materials open a previously unknown page in the Yakut pre-Soviet Northern studies. A. Bogolepov’s manuscript is rich in data on natural conditions, economic and cultural activities in the small remote settlement somewhat representing the polar world in miniature. The author highlights the interpenetration of Russian and Yakut cultures, mentions some specific local sociocultural phenomena resulting from the geographical location and climatic features. The long cold period — as is stressed by A. Bogolepov — shapes the entire life cycle of the settlement: it completely determines the functioning of the transport network, household and trade agendas, everyday life and leisure pursuits of locals. The isolation and scarcity of social activity, temporal and event-based ‘frozen’ everyday life of the northern society are emphasized. The manuscript is an important source for the research of cryoanthropology, and also contains valuable information on Yakutia’s socioeconomic and cultural history throughout the early decades of the twentieth century.

GIS technology as a geographical method in applied library research: interpreting emerging issues through an interdisciplinary perspective

Thanks to current national investigations, research applied to libraries in Italy has an unprecedented amount of data from which are emerging new complex issues and some worrying contradictions. In this framework lies the need to design structured in-depth investigations using innovative interpretative tools. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the article therefore proposes a methodological reflection on the opportunities offered by the integration between geographical knowledge and librarianship. Starting from the comparison between the main application purposes of GIS technology (Geographic Information System) adopted so far, both nationally and internationally, with some new experiments conducted in recent years, the contribution intends to present the potential of a method geographical gis-based for the interpretation of the relationships that link libraries to their context of action.

Where exactly do the social and behavioural sciences fit in One Health?

At its core, One Health promotes multidisciplinary cooperation amongst researchers and practitioners to improve the effectiveness and management of complex problems raised by the interplay of human, animal and environment interactions. Contemporary One Health literature has identified reducing disciplinary barriers as key to progress in the field, along with addressing the notable absence of social sciences from One Health frameworks, among other priorities. Efforts to position social scientists as experts on behaviour change and health decision-making has helped to articulate a concrete role for progressing One Health collaborations. Yet, there are other equally valuable functions the social scientist has in understanding complex systems, like One Health. We make explicit the multiple and diverse knowledge contributions the social sciences and humanities can make to progressing the One Health agenda. Articulating these more clearly invites a broader set of interdisciplinary perspectives to One Health discussions, allowing for stronger connections between sectors, actors, disciplines, and sub-systems. This perspective piece identifies a range of entry points for researchers and practitioners to better utilize the potential contributions social sciences and humanities scholars can make to One Health goals.

Cosmopolitan Ethics and the Politics of Religious Identity in Leila Aboulela's Novels: an Interdisciplinary Perspective

Leila Aboulela is a prolific Anglophone Muslim writer whose narratives inscribe in the postmodernist tradition of literary production. She engages with Muslim religious identity renegotiations in a transnational imaginary space. Literary critics consider her writings as an arduous write back to the underpinning discourses of Islamophobia, which gained momentum in the metropolitan cities of the West in the aftermath of 9/11. In doing so, Leila Aboulela overstresses the religious identity at the expense of other forms of affiliation and identity. In my thesis, I will invite philosophers of cosmopolitanism across disciplines to account for the inverse relationship between constructing religious identity and cosmopolitan ethics.

Assessing ecosystem services of mountain lakes

From global to local scales, human-induced environmental changes can impact mountain lakes by, for example, altering species composition, trophic state, and thermal dynamics, thereby affecting ecosystem functions and processes. However, the consequences of these changes on ecosystem services (ES) of mountain lakes are unclear due to a lack of integrative assessments. Therefore, this dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary ES perspective to improve insight into human interactions with mountain lakes and the potential social and ecological impacts of anthropogenic pressures on them. Stakeholder consultations highlighted the importance of regulating, cultural, and provisioning ES of natural mountain lakes, emphasizing habitat, aesthetics, recreation, education and research, and surface water, with nature-based experiences as being a key aspect of human interaction with mountain lakes. Multiple indicators were proposed to quantify potential supply of these ES, revealing variations among case study lakes in the European Alps. These results informed an integrative valuation approach and exposure assessment to anthropogenic pressures, suggesting that ES by mountain lakes are sensitive to climate change-related and human use pressures. Overall, the findings advance a social-ecological understanding of mountain lakes and indicate towards the need for adaptive lake management to maintain ES under potential anthropogenic pressure.

Towards Transnational Fairness in Machine Learning: A Case Study in Disaster Response Systems

Research on fairness in machine learning (ML) has been largely focusing on individual and group fairness. With the adoption of ML-based technologies as assistive technology in complex societal transformations or crisis situations on a global scale these existing definitions fail to account for algorithmic fairness transnationally. We propose to complement existing perspectives on algorithmic fairness with a notion of transnational algorithmic fairness and take first steps towards an analytical framework. We exemplify the relevance of a transnational fairness assessment in a case study on a disaster response system using images from online social media. In the presented case, ML systems are used as a support tool in categorizing and classifying images from social media after a disaster event as an almost instantly available source of information for coordinating disaster response. We present an empirical analysis assessing the transnational fairness of the application’s outputs-based on national socio-demographic development indicators as potentially discriminatory attributes. In doing so, the paper combines interdisciplinary perspectives from data analytics, ML, digital media studies and media sociology in order to address fairness beyond the technical system. The case study investigated reflects an embedded perspective of peoples’ everyday media use and social media platforms as the producers of sociality and processing data-with relevance far beyond the case of algorithmic fairness in disaster scenarios. Especially in light of the concentration of artificial intelligence (AI) development in the Global North and a perceived hegemonic constellation, we argue that transnational fairness offers a perspective on global injustices in relation to AI development and application that has the potential to substantiate discussions by identifying gaps in data and technology. These analyses ultimately will enable researchers and policy makers to derive actionable insights that could alleviate existing problems with fair use of AI technology and mitigate risks associated with future developments.

Balancing work and family when family is work: a reconceptualization of work–family integration, burnout and detachment in family business

PurposeBuilding from calls for greater interdisciplinary research in interpreting family business phenomena, we integrate research on work–family conflict, detachment and burnout from both organizational and family studies. Using the characteristic work–family integration of family business settings as a backdrop we develop theoretical arguments that emphasize the reconciliatory role of interdisciplinary perspectives to explain the ostensibly contradictory findings in extant research. The diminishing barriers separating work and life spheres occurring in most global industries illustrate the importance of conceiving the study of work–life phenomena through recursive, rather than linear, logics and emphasizing the relevance of family business research in providing a contextual foundation for interdisciplinary discussions.Design/methodology/approachThis theoretical paper integrates perspectives from the literatures on organizational behavior and family systems theory to form six propositions on the relationship between work–life integration and the antecedents and consequences of burnout and psychological detachment.FindingsThis paper explores the nuances that overlapping work and family roles might be a source of both harmony and discord in family firms. In doing so, our research contributes to the growing relationship between family systems theory and family business research, and creates the foundation for future empirical studies on the psychological dynamics that underlie work–family integration.Originality/valueThis research advances a novel perspective on the interactions between work–family integration and burnout and detachment, and does so by noting that the way the family business literature treats work–family integration may apply to any employee that experiences tension between these different spheres of their identity.

Integrating Modern Neuroscience with Traditional Philosophical Theories

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to examine how changes or advancements in modern neuroscience may impact or influence traditional philosophical theories. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to modern neuroscience with traditional philosophical theories. Preliminary empirical review revealed that interdisciplinary collaboration between these fields holds significant potential. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, it was found that while challenges existed, there were also considerable opportunities for integration. The study emphasized the importance of theoretical integration and methodological innovation in advancing understanding at the intersection of neuroscience and philosophy. Practical implications were highlighted for stakeholders, including researchers, educators, policymakers, and the public, with the conclusion suggesting that embracing interdisciplinary perspectives could lead to deeper insights into the nature of the human mind and its philosophical implications. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Dual-Aspect Monism, Embodied Cognition and Enactivism theory may be used to anchor future studies on modern neuroscience with traditional philosophical theories. The study provided recommendations aimed at advancing theory, practice, and policy. Interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration between neuroscientists and philosophers were fostered to enrich theoretical discussions. Insights from the integration of neuroscience and philosophy were incorporated into educational curricula and training programs, promoting critical thinking skills. Ethical considerations were integrated into neuroscience research through the development of guidelines and regulations. Interdisciplinary research teams were formed to design innovative methodologies, bridging terminological and conceptual differences. Furthermore, international collaboration was encouraged to leverage diverse perspectives and resources. Keywords: Integrating, Modern Neuroscience, Traditional Philosophical Theories, Interdisciplinary, Dialogue, Collaboration, Ethical Considerations, Education, Terminological Differences, International Collaboration, Critical Thinking

Methods and techniques of forming the perceptions and motivation of English teachers

The article explores the dynamic methodologies and strategies used to shape perceptions and enhance motivation among English teachers. Recognizing the crucial role educators play in language acquisition and proficiency, it provides a comprehensive review of innovative methods designed to invigorate and empower these teachers. The study incorporates interdisciplinary perspectives from psychology, pedagogy, and cognitive sciences to examine approaches like positive reinforcement, professional development programs, peer collaboration, and technology integration. It also assesses the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors on teacher efficacy and classroom dynamics. By integrating empirical research and best practices, the article offers valuable insights for educational stakeholders aiming to create a vibrant and engaging learning environment for teachers and students alike.