Inter-American Conference Research Articles

Staging indianización/staging indigenismo: artistic expression, representation of the ‘Indian’ and the inter-American indigenista movement

ABSTRACT This special issue—‘Indigenismo on Stage: Artistic Expression and the Inter-American Indigenista Movement in the Mid-Twentieth Century’—aims to present the staging of indigenismo by analyzing its ‘indianizing’ side. The process we call ‘indianization’ consists of promoting the recognition of indigenous cultural and especially artistic ‘specificities’, as determined by the inter-American indigenismo that consolidated in Pátzcuaro, Mexico, starting with the first Inter-American Conference on Indian Life in 1940. Concretely, this special issue addresses the staging of indigenist indianization in two crucial domains: 1) ‘indigenous’ artistic expression as it was promoted by indigenismo; and 2) the abstraction/generalization of ‘indigeneity’ and ‘indigenous people’ that operationalized and successfully spread this indigenismo. These two concerns bring together the contributions to this issue (articles, a review essay, and a collective dialogue), which explicitly adopt a transnational perspective or, when they focus on specific countries, consider their indigenist connections to the rest of the Americas. Grounded on the analysis of a notable variety of objects of study (statuary, music, handicrafts, photography, engraving, and theatre), this special issue follows an itinerary that runs from the early twentieth century to the present.

Revolution in Development: Mexico and the Governance of the Global Economy

Revolution in Development: Mexico and the Governance of the Global Economy

The CIA in Ecuador

The CIA in Ecuador

“Sky, Astronomy and Cultural Heritage”

“Sky, Astronomy and Cultural Heritage”: VIII School and VII Interamerican Conference of Cultural Astronomy. La Serena, Chile, 30th September – 5th October 2019

Особенности экономической интеграции стран Латинской Америки

The article is about the way to achieve economic integration. Latin American countries after receiving independence began to work hard to strengthen their States through integrating into confederation. On the basis of International Treaties, the Bustamante Code and the Andean Investment Code were adopted. The methods of economic integration in Latin America were adopted for regional integration (The Hague Conference on Private International Law and Inter-American Conference on Private International Law) as well as integration of universal type (Agreements in the framework of World Trade Organization. The article speaks of specific approach of Latin American countries to the issues in question.

Entre o igualitarismo e a reforma dos direitos das mulheres: Bertha Lutz na Conferência Interamericana de Montevidéu, 1933

A Conferência Interamericana, realizada no Uruguai em novembro de 1933, marca o início de uma longa e consistente cooperação de Bertha Lutz com a diplomacia brasileira. Essa conferência representou uma vitória temporária de parcela radical do feminismo norte-americano - o National Party of Women - ao qual Bertha se opunha, por convicção e fidelidade pessoal a outros grupos feministas. Este ensaio examina as razões para os meios diplomáticos aderirem a defesa dos direitos das mulheres. O debate travado em Montevidéu também ilumina a compreensão do pensamento político de Bertha Lutz e abre novas perspectivas historiográficas para as culturas políticas dos feminismos.

Fracas in Caracas: Latin American Diplomatic Resistance to United States Intervention in Guatemala in 1954

The Eisenhower Administration claimed a diplomatic triumph—and a mandate to overthrow the elected government of Guatemala—after the Tenth Inter-American Conference held in Caracas, Venezuela, in March 1954, when 17 nations voted for an American resolution condemning international Communism. This article disputes the official story and some recent scholarly depictions of the conference. Caracas was the scene of intense Latin American opposition to the American agenda. Vote-buying was rampant as Washington made hundreds of millions of dollars worth of concessions to individual countries. Nonetheless, amendments pushed through by Latin American diplomats transformed the interventionist American resolution into a strong statement against intervention. The American “triumph” was actually a fiasco that called into sharp relief the difference between United States and Latin American understandings of the inter-American system, demonstrating Latin American diplomatic resistance to intervention and the limits of diplomacy's potential to constrain the actions of the most powerful American state.

Abstract P3-11-09: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Survival: A Retrospective Review of Women with Triple Negative Breast Cancer (An Update)

Abstract Body Mass Index (BMI) has been reported as a risk factor for recurrence and decreased survival in women with breast cancer. At the Inter-American Breast Cancer Conference we presented data showing the effect BMI has on overall survival in women with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here we present an update of this data which to our knowledge is the only study addressing the effect BMI has on outcomes in TNBC. We conducted a retrospective review of 170 patients with TNBC seen at the University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Jackson Memorial Hospital between December of 1999 and April 2010. Charts were reviewed looking at BMI at the time of diagnosis and overall survival defined as date of last contact or date of death when known. 163 patients were included in the study. BMI was defined as normal (BMI 18.5-24.9) and overweight or obese (25 or greater). The average age at diagnosis was 50.96 years with a mean OS of 44.67 months. 21 patients (13%) had stage I disease, 61 (37.4%) had stage II disease, 81 (49.6%) had stage III disease. In patients with stage I disease 33% had a normal BMI with a mean OS of 51.7 months. 67% were overweight or obese with a mean OS of 60.2 months. In patients with stage II disease 33% had a normal BMI with a mean OS of 30.8 months. 67% were overweight or obese with a mean OS of 48.4 months. In patients with stage III disease 28% had a normal BMI with a mean OS of 37.2 months. 72% were overweight or obese with a mean OS of 43.1 months. Survival in patients with TNBC does not appear to be negatively impacted by the patients BMI at diagnosis. While not statistically significant (p=0.274) patients with stage I TNBC that were overweight or obese tended to have an increased OS compared to those with a normal BMI. In patients with stage II disease there was a statistically significant (p=0.010) increase in OS in overweight or obese patients compared to those with a normal BMI. In the patients with stage III disease there was no significant difference in the OS (p=0.458) between patients with a normal BMI and those that were overweight or obese. Our study shows that increased BMI at the time of diagnosis may have a positive impact on OS in patients with TNBC. Overweight and obese patients with stage I and II TNBC have an increased OS compared to those with a normal BMI. In those with stage II disease the difference was statistically significant. Although this study was limited by small sample size, if confirmed, it might suggest a relationship between obesity and survival in TNBC. Further studies are needed to evaluate these findings. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-11-09.

Ethnic Entrepreneurs: Identity and Development Politics in Latin America (review)

Reviewed by: Ethnic Entrepreneurs: Identity and Development Politics in Latin America Joseph L. Scarpaci Ethnic Entrepreneurs: Identity and Development Politics in Latin America. Monica C. DeHart. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010. 192 pp., photos, notes. $21.95 paper (ISBN: 10-0-8047-6934-6). Cultural anthropologist Monica C. DeHart offers up seven short chapters, two of which were previously published in earlier reincarnations, about topics that should [End Page 179] interest geographers working in Latin America and the Caribbean. The work builds on research conducted over a decade and supported by respectable institutions (Inter-American Foundation and Fulbright-Hayes, among others). Language training in K'iche' also promises some real insight into the local Guatemala scene where Spanish is a second language for millions. The broader context for this book is riveting for anyone interested in small firms, cooperatives, entrepreneurship, and politics in the region. A common assumption is that indigenous peoples are not significant agents in driving job creation and increasing the standard of living in their communities. Kinship, local knowledge, and communal links might deter modernity. In fact, indigenous peoples are often cast as disenfranchised and powerless, though the rise of Evo Morales, Rigoberta Menchú and other 'indigenous leaders' in the Americas has refocused attention on native peoples. DeHart seizes on the idea that firms and governments can actually use ethnic difference as a comparative advantage in development projects. She is also concerned about the extent to which neo-liberal development policy erodes the micropolitics of development and identity. We learn that corporate social responsibility provokes responses among different (Guatemalan) ethnic groups in ways that are not anticipated. The first chapter, "Emergent Ethnic Landscapes," proffers anecdotal evidence that political leaders recognize the importance of ethnic workers toiling together in the free-market context. To wit, George Bush ends his 2007 Latin American trip with a photo opportunity of him in Guatemala loading crates of lettuce at an indigenous agricultural cooperative that was helped by US AID seed money. Vicente Fox's visit to the USA a year earlier included visits to leaders of Mexican migrant associations as well as U.S. officials. A decade before that visit, the Inter-American Conference of Mayors met in Miami and praises a Guatemalan indigenous philosophy from which "everyone in the development business could learn". DeHart calls these reconfigured development actors "ethnic entrepreneurs" who share a community-based participatory development paradigm. She draws on just three cases to highlight their value: 1) a Mayan organization in rural Guatemala, 2) a U.N.-sponsored program that recruits diasporic Latinos to engender development throughout Latin America, and 3) a relationship between WalMart and a Mayan organization to produce spa products. Herein lies the weakness of DeHart's pithy tome: a case of three begs the datainference ratio and calls into question the use of "Latin America" in the book's title for what is largely Guatemalan based. On top of that, the writing is often opaque and jargon ridden. While critical theory can illuminate and deconstruct, three briefly described cases would seem to stretch the ability to generalize significantly about either entrepreneurship, ethnic identity, or development politics in Latin America. Essentially, the author posits whether ethnic identity is a barrier to capitalism (e. g., is it anti-liberal); and the answer is that it is not. She asks "both how ethnic difference is produced through development discourse and practice to mark certain populations as potent development agents, and how differently situated subjects within those populations debate, reconfigure, and even reject those forms of difference as a the basis for their development agency" (14-15). DeHart's concern about Foucault's arguments regarding the imbalances of power and knowledge were not particularly illuminating. For example, in describing a 1999 meeting of a community organization in San Miguel, Guatemala (pp. 122-128; though on page 125 she refers to it as San Pedro), the conveners distributed tables and charts to the audience to explain the community development council's recent actions. DeHart criticizes the council's pointing to their financial accountability. She interprets the handing out of the statistical compendium as a "hegemonic interpretation of numbers," [End Page 180] and then proceeds to cite three...

The Politics of Abstraction: The Tenth Inter-American Conference Caracas, Venezuela, 1954

THE POLITICS OF ABSTRACTION: THE TENTH INTER-AMERICAN CONFERENCE CARACAS, VENEZUELA, 1954 Monica Boulton On March 1, 1954, Venezuela’s President General Marcos Pérez Jiménez gave a welcoming speech to the Western hemisphere’s government figures attending the Tenth Inter-American Conference, being hosted in Caracas, Venezuela. Sponsored by the Organization of American States (OAS),1 the Conference sought to foster economic, political, and cultural relations among the countries of the hemisphere. Despite local and international criticism of the anti-democratic practices of the repressive military regime of Pérez Jiménez, the organizers of the Conference promoted a climate of freedom and democracy. They emphasized the precepts of the OAS Charter, which stressed the solidarity of the American nations based on democratic principles. The hosting nation offered a variety of cultural events for the purpose of entertaining the delegates. Among these activities were two exhibits in separate venues that showcased artistic developments: La Pintura en Venezuela organized by federally-funded Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas (MBA) and Six American Painters presented by New York’s Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).2 La Pintura en Venezuela offered a broad range of Venezuelan work that went from Pre-Columbian objects to contemporary abstract paintings, specifically geometric abstraction. The coordinators of this show presented abstraction as the culmination of a progressive development in Venezuela’s visual arts. Six American Painters, the U.S. artistic representation, consisted of one work each by six artists working in the style of Abstract Expressionism: William Baziotes, Arshile Gorky, Franz Kline, Robert Motherwell, Jackson Pollock, and Mark Rothko.3 The presentation of Six American Painters in Caracas indicated the ascendancy and importance of abstract art in the United States. This interest in abstraction seemed to demonstrate a unified vision among United States and Venezuelan artists, U.S. foreign-policy makers, and the administration of Pérez Jiménez. What made abstraction so appealing to these various groups? I argue that despite the semblance of unity, each faction used abstract art to promote diverse and in some cases conflicting ideas and aims. This paper studies the means by which each group used abstract art to advocate cultural, political, economic, and ideological platforms during the Cold War period. The exhibition catalog of La Pintura en Venezuela culminated with the late 1940s and early 1950s geometric abstraction of Alejandro Otero, 83 SECOLAS Annals, Volume 52, 2008 Pascual Navarro, Oswaldo Vigas, Alirio Oramas, and Mateo Manaure.4 In these works, such as in Otero’s La Serie del Pote Azul (c. 1948), the absence of regional and representational forms as well as allegorical themes signaled the departure from Venezuela’s mainstream artistic tendencies, which focused on local landscape and historical episodes. Although the organizers of La Pintura en Venezuela intended to present abstraction as the new direction for Venezuelan art, only seven of the 132 works featured in the catalogue were non-representational. The small number of works in geometric abstraction indicated that history and landscape paintings were still favored by the cultural elite. In Otero’s La Serie del Pote Azul, a work from his Cafeteras (Coffeepots) series, the blue cooking pot referenced in the title was not discernible.5 It was transformed into planes of color fragmented by strong diagonal lines, and following Picasso’s Cubist grid, there was no distinction between forms and ground. Otero removed the visible form of the real object, as if revealing its inner structure. Otero asserted that in his Cafeteras, “There is a set organization, a structure, a series of forms that will result in a rhythmic idea. . . . But the process has not been a simple stylization. It is a comprehension. . . . It now exists in space. It is another concept. Intuitively, it is another situation.”6 In using abstraction, Otero was attempting to create a new reality that was autonomous and independent of the familiar world of mundane objects such as the blue cooking pot. Otero developed his Cafeteras in Paris after obtaining, in 1945, a travel grant from the Venezuelan Ministry of Education. Here he became a participant in the international art movement that went against tradition by rejecting naturalistic imitations of nature. In this period after the Second...

The Politics of Abstraction: The Tenth Inter-American Conference Caracas, Venezuela, 1954

The Latin AmericanistVolume 52, Issue 1 p. 83-94 The Politics of Abstraction: The Tenth Inter-American Conference Caracas, Venezuela, 1954 Monica Boulton, Monica BoultonSearch for more papers by this author Monica Boulton, Monica BoultonSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 July 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-203X.2008.00008.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume52, Issue1March 2008Pages 83-94 RelatedInformation

First Inter-American Conference on Emergency Medicine

ABSTRACTS: 1st Inter American Conference on Emergency Medicine Please note: Blackwell Publishing are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supplementary materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Imperial Mechanics: South America's Hemispheric Integration in the Machine Age

Imperial Mechanics: South America's Hemispheric Integration in the Machine Age Ricardo D. Salvatore Click for larger view Figure 1 The Kiss of the Oceans postcard, ca. 1911 © Blue Lantern Studio/Corbis. [End Page 662] The nations all await Our coming, with their portals opened freely; They are Republics, each our sister State, And down the world, from Mexico to Chili, The railway's mutual commerce should pulsate. —F. D. Carpenter, "From Zone to Zone," in H. R. Helper, The Three Americas Railway (1881), 284, 286 The airplane, more than any other means of transportation, has overcome Latin America's geography. It was the airplane that finally conquered the towering mountains, bottomless swamps, and dense jungles. More than rails or roads or rivers, planes helped solve our neighbor's transportation problems. —Delia Goetz, Neighbors to the South (1941), 116 The rise of the machine as the dominant representation of U.S. superiority and supremacy in the Western Hemisphere corresponded with the transition in the form of conceptualizing empire: from Manifest Destiny in the mid-nineteenth century to Benevolent Informal Empire (Good Neighbor Policy) in the fourth decade of the twentieth century. The railroad, the automobile, and the airplane represent different moments in the evolution of U.S. technology and were used, at each moment, to deploy U.S. claims to technological and cultural superiority. In addition to affirming U.S. dominance, these technological "marvels" were crucial to envisioning ways of integrating Central and South America into the sphere of U.S. commerce and influence. Subsequent imaginaries of transportation systems uniting the three Americas—the Pan-American Railroad, the Pan-American Highway, and Pan American Airways—constituted projections of U.S. machine civilization into the terrain of inter-American relations. I call these visions "transportation utopias" to emphasize their fictional and comprehensive [End Page 663] nature and also to underscore the displacement of machine magic to the nonplace of "Pan-America," a virtual space created at the conjuncture of foreign policy principles, business expansionism, and knowledge enterprises. "Imperial mechanics" refers to the interrelationship between imaginaries of empire and conceptions of machine-civilization. My use of this concept responds to the necessity to connect the two notions in a way that allows us a better understanding of U.S. hegemonic conceptions and policies with regard to Latin America. "Imperial mechanics" is a cognitive and rhetorical displacement of "hard machines" (railroads, automobiles, airplanes, canals) into the terrain of Pan-Americanism and informal empire, a field usually associated with the "soft machine" of inter-American conferences, political pronouncements about peace and security, bureaucratic bargaining, and hemispheric propaganda. This essay shows the extent to which U.S. visions of hemispheric integration were built upon notions of connectivity, circulation, and modernity that promoters and policymakers considered embedded in machines. The construction of the Panama Canal (1904–1914), an engineering achievement of gargantuan proportions, marked the ascent of the United States to a position of international leadership. A Herculean mechanical force that separated the continent into two, creating a passage between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, gave the United States enhanced naval control of the "American Mediterranean" and heightened the intensity of international navigation and commerce by reducing transportation distances and costs. 1 Paradoxically, this engineering marvel was presented as a monument to hemispheric unity and cooperation. Displaced into the terrain of inter-American relations, the Panama Canal was expected to render an additional service: to present to the Latin American neighbors U.S. technological superiority as a mechanical, visible fact. It was a spectacular machine that authorized the United States to speak as the new hemispheric hegemon. This essay examines the role of these crucial mechanical constructs—"spectacular machines" and "transportation utopias"—in the making of imaginaries of hemispheric integration that functioned as the foundations of Pan-Americanism. They were two moments of a broader use of "hard machines" to reconfigure inter-American relations, at a time in which U.S. foreign-policymakers embraced a notion of hemispheric hegemony...

Inter-American Conferences: 1826-1954: History and Problems. By Samuel Guy Inman. Edited, with preface, by Harold Eugene Davis. (Washington, D. C.: The University Press of Washington, and the Community College Press, 1965. Pp. xi, 282. Library edition, $7.00. Student edition, $5.00.)

Inter-American Conferences: 1826-1954: History and Problems. By Samuel Guy Inman. Edited, with preface, by Harold Eugene Davis. (Washington, D. C.: The University Press of Washington, and the Community College Press, 1965. Pp. xi, 282. Library edition, 5.00.) - Volume 23 Issue 2

La ley aplicable y jurisdicción competente en casos de responsabilidad civil por contaminación transfronteriza

El autor examina diversos tipos de reglamentación que pueden ser incluidos en el proyecto de convención sobre responsabilidad civil por daños transfronterizos. Primero explica las razones por las que el proyecto se incluyó en la Conferencia Interamericana de Derecho Internacional Privado VI que se celebrará en noviembre de 2001. La materia involucra temas como responsabilidad extracontractual, el derecho aplicable a la contaminación transfronteriza, y la jurisdicción competente sobre daños y la compensación debida. Enseguida, se discuten diversas opciones para la determinación del foro. Aún cuando el proyecto de convención constituye una base para la regulación de la materia, otros asuntos podrían incluirse en ella, como la posibilidad de acciones colectivas, y la conveniencia de incluir un seguro para el pago de daños derivados de contaminación ambiental.

United States-Latin American Relations, 1850-1903: Establishing a Relationship

During the second half of the 19th century several forces in the United States, Latin America, and Europe converged to set the stage for the establishment of a more permanent relationship between the United States and Latin America. The key factors--security, economics, and modernization--created both commonalities and conflicts between and among regions. In this volume, scholars examine not only the domestic but also the geopolitical forces that encouraged and guided development of diplomatic relations in this rapidly changing period. As the contributors note, by the end of the century, economic interests dominated the relationship that eventually developed. This period saw the building of a string of U.S. naval bases in Latin America and the Caribbean, the rapid industrialization of the United States and the development of a substantial export market, the entrance of many U.S. entrepreneurs into Latin American countries, and the first two inter-American conferences. By the century's end, the United States appeared as the dominant partner in the relationship, a perception that earned it the imperialist label. This volume untangles this complex relationship by examining U.S. relations with Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Central America, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay from the perspective of both the United States and the individual Latin American countries. A companion volume toUnited States-Latin American Relations, 1800-1850: The Formative Generations, edited by T. Ray Shurbutt, this book establishes a historical perspective crucial to understanding contemporary diplomatic relations.

Interpreting the 1954 U.S. Intervention in Guatemala: Realist, Revisionist, and Postrevisionist Perspectives

AT NINE IN THE EVENING of June 27, 1954, Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmain announced his resignation. The beleaguered colonel had many reasons for abandoning the presidency. His 1952 land reform program, known as Decree 900, had enraged wealthy planters and United Fruit Company (UFCO) officials, who spread propaganda tagging Arbenz as a Communist. Earlier in 1954, at the Tenth Inter-American Conference in Caracas, Venezuela, the Eisenhower administration had isolated Guatemala by bludgeoning members of the Organization of American States (OAS) into adopting an anticommunist resolution which insinuated that the Arbenz regime had become a Communist beachhead. Then, on June 17, Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas and his band of several hundred peasant soldiers-the so-called Liberation Army-had invaded Guatemala from Honduras with logistical support from a covert U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operation code-named PBSUCCESS. As the Liberation army stumbled its way through the countryside, unmarked planes strafed Guatemala City while radio broadcasters jammed the airwaves with rumors that the government was collapsing. Although the early stages of the invasion had gone poorly for Castillo Armas, the Guatemalan army decided on the 25th to abandon the battlefield in Zacapa. The high command refused the president's order to arm the

5: Return Migration and Small Business Development in Jamaica

Center for Migration Studies special issuesVolume 13, Issue 4 p. 161-195 Free Access 5: Return Migration and Small Business Development in Jamaica Barry Chevannes, Barry ChevannesSearch for more papers by this authorHeather Ricketts, Heather RickettsSearch for more papers by this author Barry Chevannes, Barry ChevannesSearch for more papers by this authorHeather Ricketts, Heather RickettsSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1996.tb00158.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Anderson, P. 1985 “Migration in Jamaica.” In Migration and Development in the Caribbean. Ed. R. Pastor. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Anderson, P. 1988 “Manpower Losses and Employment Adequacy Among Skilled Workers in Jamaica, 1976–1985.” In When Borders Don't Divide. Ed. P. Pessar. New York: Center for Migration Studies. Anderson, P. and M. Witter 1992 Crisis Adjustment and Social Change: A Case-Study of Kingston, Jamaica. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies. Boodhoo, M. and A. Baksh 1981 The Impact of Brain Drain on Development: A Case Study of Guyana. Kuala Lumpur: Persetakan Intasari. Chaney, E. and D. Gordon 1990 Farm Production and Migration in Jamaica and St. Lucia. Washington, D.C.: Hemispheric Migration Project, Center for Immigration Policy and Refugee Assistance, Georgetown University. Clarke, C. 1975 Kingston, Jamaica: Urban Development and Social Change, 1692–1962. Berkeley: University of California Press. Frucht, R. 1983 “Household in Crisis: The Failure of Petty Agricultural Production in Nevis, W.I.” In Family and Kinship in Middle America and the Caribbean. Leiden: Institute of Higher Studies of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology. Grasmuck, S. 1982 The Impact of Emigration on National Development: Three Sending Communities in the Dominican Republic. New York: The Tinker Foundation and the NYU Faculty of Arts and Science; New York Research Program in Inter-American Affairs. Grasmuck, S. and P. Pessar 1991 Between Two Islands: Dominican International Migration. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hamilton, T. and Associates 1989 The Assessment of the Jamaican Small Business Environment. Report to US AID. Jamaica: Trevor Hamilton and Associates. Le Franc, E. and D. McFarlane-Gregory 1985 The Informal Distribution Network in the Kingston Metropolitan Area. Report to The Population Council. Mona, Kingston, Jamaica: ISER. Marshall, D. 1982 “The History of Caribbean Migration: The Case of the West Indies,” Caribbean Review, 11(1): 6– 9, 52–53. Mills, F. 1988 “Determinants and Consequences of the Migration Culture of St. Kitts-Nevis.” In When Borders Don't Divide. Ed. P. Pessar. New York: Center for Migration Studies. Palmer, R. 1983 “Emigration and the Economic Decline of Jamaica.” In White-Collar Migrants in the Americas and the Caribbean. Ed. A. Marks and H. Vessuri. Leiden: Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology. Pastor, R. and R. Rogers 1985 “Using Migration to Enhance Economic Development in the Caribbean: Three Sets of Proposals.” In Migration and Development in the Caribbean: The Unexplored Connection. Ed. R. Pastor. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Planning Institute of Jamaica (PIOJ) 1991 “Tourism.” In Economic and Social Survey 1990. Jamaica: Planning Institute of Jamaica. Portes, A. and L. Guarnizo 1990 “Tropical Capitalists: U.S.-Bound Immigration and Small-Enterprise Development in the Dominican Republic.” Working Paper No. 7. Washington, DC: Commission for the Study of International Migration and Cooperative Economic Development. Roberts, G. 1957 The Population of Jamaica. Published for the Conservation Foundation at the University Press: Cambridge University Press. Rogers, R. and P. Pessar 1986 “Trends and Policy Implications of Return Migration.” Paper presented at the Inter-American Conference on Migration Trends and Policy. Washington, DC: Center for Immigration Policy and Refugee Assistance, Georgetown University. Rubenstein, H. 1983 “Remittances and Rural Underdevelopment in the English-Speaking Caribbean,” Human Organization 42(4): 295– 306. Rubenstein, H. 1982 “The Impact of Remittances in the Rural English-Speaking Caribbean: Notes on the Literature.” In Return Migration and Remittances: Developing a Caribbean Perspective. Ed. W. Stinner et al.. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution; Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies. Stone, C. 1980 Democracy and Clientelism in Jamaica. New Brunswick, London: Transaction Books. Thomas-Hope, E. 1985 “Return Migration and Its Implications for Caribbean Development.” In Migration and Development in the Caribbean: The Unexplored Connection. Ed. R. Pastor. Boulder and London: Westview Press. Citing Literature Volume13, Issue4Special Issue: Caribbean Circuit New Directions in the Study of Caribbean MigrationJuly 1996Pages 161-195 ReferencesRelatedInformation

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The 1989 Inter-American Convention on Support Obligations

Journal Article The 1989 Inter-American Convention on Support Obligations Get access Carol S. Burch Carol S. Burch 1Carol S. Bruch is Professor of Law, University of California, Davis. The author was a member of the United States delegation to the Fourth Inter-American Conference on Private International Law (CIDIP-IV), which concluded the convention discussed in this Article. The views expressed here are those of the author alone and do not necessarily express the views of other delegation members or of the State Department, which has not yet formulated an official position or any recommendation regarding United States signature and ratification of the convention. For his fine research assistance, particularly as to Latin American treaty law, she thanks Timothy Firch, Esq., King Hall 1989. And for their gracious hospitality during the research and writing of this article, she thanks the Institut für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht of the University of Cologne; Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge; the Law Department of the London School of Economics and Political Science; and the Institut für Internationales Privatrecht-Rechtsvergleichung of the University of Munich. She also acknowledges with gratitude the insights of Professor Rosalyn Higgins on the law of reservations and the financial support of the United States Fulbright Commission and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 40, Issue 4, Autumn 1992, Pages 817–863, https://doi.org/10.2307/840795 Published: 01 October 1992