Intensive Rice Farming Research Articles

Human-activity modified vegetation composition at Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, China over the last 10,000 years

Vegetation composition has been greatly modified by human activity since Neolithic times, providing valuable insights into the evolution of human-landscape relationships. In this paper, we integrated 26 pollen records from the Zhejiang Province of China where a Neolithic culture of rice farming existed at an early date, to examine the dynamics of agricultural development and its impact on vegetation. Firstly, we synthesized the relative abundance of Oryza pollen and charcoal (Cpeak) using generalized additive models, to produce a record of agricultural development and the intensity of human activities. We found that changes in Oryza abundance and Cpeak were positively correlated, and identified three phases as follows: agricultural initiation before 8000 cal yr BP, agricultural development between 8000 and 6000 cal yr BP and the onset of intensive rice farming after 6000 cal yr BP. Pearson correlation between each pollen taxon and Oryza indicates that arboreal taxa exhibit an overall negative correlation with Oryza, but terrestrial herbs and ferns show a positive correlation, indicating that deforestation accompanied agricultural development. Rosaceae, Castanea, Fagus and Typha display positive correlation with Oryza during the earliest stage dominated by hunter-gathering, reflecting the protection and cultivation of food-producing vegetation. During the intensive farming stage, the Liangzhu ancestors reclaimed more farmland and began to pay attention on farmland management including clearing the fields of weeds. This is the main reason for the enhanced negative correlation between Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae with Oryza at 6000–5000 cal yr BP. Finally, we confirm the potential of integrated Oryza abundance in pollen records as a human-impact index in the Zhejiang region, and emphasize that temporal dynamics in vegetation and human activities should be critically pre-examined when applying relevant human-impact indices.

Evaluation of land suitability as the basis for sustainable crop development

This study aims to determine the potential and limitations of land in Ngawi District, East Java, Indonesia, for cultivating rice, corn, and soybeans. The research consists of a four-stage field study conducted in Ngawi Regency: (1) organization of land units; (2) determination of observation points through stratified proportional sampling for each land unit; (3) field surveys; and (4) laboratory analysis. The land evaluation was conducted in accordance with the FAO Guidelines for Land Evaluation for Rainfed Agriculture. The results of the research indicate that 46,417.7 ha (88.1%) of the land area is highly suitable (S1) for rice and 49,286.6 ha (72.1%) is marginally suitable (S3) for corn due to poor drainage. Approximately 62,499 ha (91.4% of the total land area) are marginally suitable (S3) for soybean cultivation. There were suggested five models of land management: (1) intensive rice farming; (2) a relay cropping system for rice-corn or rice-soybeans; (3) multiple cropping systems for corn, soybeans, or rice; (4) a mono-cultural system for rice, corn, or soybeans; and (5) an agroforestry system for Albizia chinensis, corn, and soybeans. Farmers’ awareness of organic management is crucial for enhancing land productivity and maintaining soil fertility in Ngawi Regency.

Potential and fungicidal compatibility of antagonist endophytic Trichoderma spp. from rice leaves in controlling dirty panicle disease in intensive rice farming

Potential and fungicidal compatibility of antagonist endophytic Trichoderma spp. from rice leaves in controlling dirty panicle disease in intensive rice farming

Characterization of rice farming systems, production constraints and determinants of adoption of improved varieties by smallholder farmers of the Republic of Benin

The identification of technological and policy interventions allowing to improve the performance of Beninese rice systems is necessary to reduce the heavy dependence on rice imports. This study characterized the Beninese rice farming systems, identified the production constraints, and determinants of the adoption of improved varieties by farmers. Four hundred eighteen rice farm households were surveyed across 39 villages using participatory research tools and methods. Cluster analysis was used to classify the surveyed farm households and revealed four typologies of rice farming systems differentiated by 8 variables. These are, the intensive rice farming system (cluster 4; 33.7%), semi-intensive rice farming system (cluster 1; 31.8%), integrated rice–livestock farming system (cluster 3; 11.8%), and subsistence rice farming (cluster 2; 22.7%). The integrated rice–livestock farming system was the dominant type practiced in the northern Benin, while, it is the intensive rice farming system in the south. Fifteen production constraints across rice-growing areas were recorded. Our results suggest that to increase adoption of improved rice varieties, agricultural extension services should target landowners’ farmers practicing off-season rice production, and having other sources of income. Initiatives to boost rice production in Benin should prioritize the establishment of formal agricultural credit and mechanization option policies.

Intensification of rice farming and its environmental consequences recorded in a Liangzhu reservoir, China

The origin and subsequent development of rice agriculture enabled humans to transition from hunter-gatherers to farmers, thereby profoundly changing human society. However, less attention is focused on when and how rice cultivation practices began to alter the landscape. In this study, sediment from the reservoir inside the Mifenglong dam, Liangzhu hydraulic system was sampled. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results revealed that the duration of the Mifenglong reservoir ranged from 4900 cal BP to 1500 cal BP. The results showed that between 2500 cal BP and 1500 cal BP, intensive rice farming practices transformed the surrounding vegetation and landscapes through deforestation and changes in herbaceous plant structure. This study provides an insight into the impact of human activities and how they influenced the environment on a local scale, as well as contributing to a deeper understanding of the relationships between agricultural development and landscape changes.

Understanding the Collapse of the Longshan Culture (4400-3800 BP) and the 4.2 ka Event in the Haidai Region of China – from an Agricultural Perspective

ABSTRACT The Haidai region was important for early Chinese cultures that reached their prehistoric peak during the Longshan period (4400–3800 BP). However, the continuous development of Longshan societies was interrupted from the Yueshi period (3800–3600 BP) in West-Haidai but in the Late Longshan phase (4100/4000–3800 BP) in East-Haidai. As archaeobotanical data has accumulated, a comprehensive study on agriculture over this time has become feasible, one which is quite sensitive to climate change and also crucial to human society. Therefore, we conducted a synthetic analysis of macro-botanical remains from 25 Longshan sites using Representativeness Index (RI) and Correspondence Analysis (CA). We identified sub-regional differences in crop structures and cultivation regimes between West- and East-Haidai that offer new insights into social changes that arose after the 4.2 ka BP event. While facing abrupt cooling and drought, societies engaged in millet farming in West-Haidai exhibited stronger resilience than those in East-Haidai that were occupied primarily with rice farming. Moreover, to cope with environmental deterioration, West-Haidai inhabitants may have attempted to change cropping practices by exploiting previously uncultivated lands whereas those in East-Haidai were preoccupied with intensive rice farming throughout the entire Longshan period and probably mitigated food shortages by population migration.

Investigation of baseline metal pollution in soils from the Adada River Bank, Enugu State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The Adada River is among the essential rivers in Enugu State which rural dwellers depend on water supply and agriculture farmlands situated beside its channels. Current research was undertaken to ascertain the extent of lethal metals (Co, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, As and Fe) pollution in soils from the Adada River bank. Fifteen topsoil (0 cm), subsoil (5 cm) and deep-soil (10 cm) samples were gathered from the downstream, midstream and upstream of the river. The results revealed that the average values of the metals in the three different depths declined in the pattern of As>Pb>Zn>Co>Ni>Fe>Cd. Adada River bank soils possess moderate to critical enrichment for Pb, moderate enrichment for As and Cd, as well as no enrichment for Co, Zn and Ni. The results of the contamination factor (CF) revealed that Cd and As are responsible for the high contamination. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) for some of the sample stations demonstrates that, with the exception of the Amagu and Ogbosu locations, the sampling locations were largely unpolluted. To delineate the different origins of the metals, multivariate tools like correlation matrix and cluster analysis were used. The results indicated that the soil samples obtained from the upstream of the river possess lesser metal values, whereas soils in the downstream of the river had higher metal values as a result of intensive rice farming in the downstream part of Adada River. Our observations can also be beneficial as baseline data for regulatory agencies to implement appropriate action in the future on issues relating to heavy metal contamination in the Adada River.

Tidal Swamps Development in West Kalimantan: Farmers Prefer A Rational-Moderately Strategy

The Indonesian government has spent lots of budgets and built more infrastructures to escalate the intensive rice farming in the tidal swamps since 1970s. However, the success story is very limited. This study aims to describe some obstacles in the practice of rice intensification, and also to explain some factors leading to their failure. In explaining this context, we refer them to our-own-experiences in tidal lowlands development project from 2008 to 2009, literatures study, and then it is deepened by doing collectives case study –that is consisting of three studies in the type of-B, C, and D overflows. The local farmers used to reject the intensive rice farming practices. The use of local paddy varieties is a prefer strategy option. It is closely related to minimize the farming cost and also as a strategy so that they have more time to manage another farm activities. Rationally the farmers prefer growing a variety of perrenial crop species that suits their personal needs and strategies. In conclusion, this study showed that agro-ecological based farm could be the most adaptive way in optimizing the indigenous rice farming.

The Impact of Wastewater Discharge and Agriculture on Water Quality and Nutrient Retention of Namatala Wetland, Eastern Uganda

The Namatala Wetland in Uganda faces severe degradation from agricultural development and urbanization. Besides the Namatala River and tributary rural streams, the wetland receives surface water from Mbale town and wastewater from two sets of wastewater stabilization ponds. The objective of this study was to examine water quality, and sediment and nutrient retention in different land use zones. Five hydrogeomorphic units (HGMUs) were distinguished on the basis of soil, hydrology and land use. HGMUs 1 and 2 in the upstream part of the wetland are characterized by drainage channels and mixed agriculture. HGMU 3 is a wet floodplain with intensive rice farming. HGMU 4 and 5 are permanently wet units in the downstream part of the wetland with moderate rice farming and partly intact papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) vegetation. Stream discharge was measured, and surface water samples collected, monthly from the river channel, the tributaries, and the five HGMUs from April 2015 to October 2016. Significant differences in total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) were observed among the streams and among the five HGMUs, with highest concentrations in urban streams and lowest in the main river channel and rural streams. Among the HGMUs, nutrients and TSS were highest within HGMU 3 and lowest in HGMU 1 and 5. Loads of nutrients and sediment into the wetland were greater from the main river channel compared with urban and rural streams. Regressions of net TN, TP and TSS yields for each HGMU against river discharge showed a net loss of nutrients and sediments in HGMU 3 with the most intensive agriculture, and net retention in HGMUs 4 and 5 which mostly maintain their wetland character. This study shows that sediment and nutrient retention in the downstream part of the wetland compensate for increased export caused by agricultural and urban land use in the middle and upper zones of the wetland, thus maintaining net nutrient retention of Namatala Wetland. However, there is a trade-off between economic development and wetland protection and future management planning should incorporate more sustainable farming practices and improved wastewater treatment.

Declarative or procedural knowledge? Knowledge for enhancing farmers’ mitigation and adaptation behaviour to climate change

Climate change poses a major challenge for farmers, but agricultural sustainability, mitigation, and adaptation can effectively decrease climate impacts on agricultural systems. Changes in farming practices are necessary to reduce emissions and to adapt to climate change. However, such modifications to common practices depend, to a large extent, on farmers' knowledge and attitudes towards climate risks. An empirical study of farmers' attitudes and knowledge of climate change mitigation and adaptation practices is useful to understand how farmers' knowledge influences their attitudes and practices towards climate change mitigation and adaptation. Based on a case study characterised by four agricultural farming systems (extensive dairy sheep, intensive dairy cattle, horticultural farming, and rice farming) in the Province of Oristano in Italy, this study contains an investigation of (i) farmers' knowledge of climate change causes and effects, how they construct such knowledge, and how they adapt to the phenomenon; (ii) what and how are farmers' attitudes towards climate change causes are shaped under their contextual social interests and values; and (iii) if their practices in responding to climate variability are influenced by their constructed knowledge. The research results showed that farmers' declarative knowledge of climate change did not affect their adaptation practices but directed farmers’ attitudes towards climate change causes. The findings also underscore the necessity of facilitating social learning spaces for enhancing virtuous behaviours towards climate change mitigation and the sharing and co-production of procedural knowledge for developing shared sustainable climate adaptation practices at the farm level.

Population Fluctuation and the Adoption of Food Production in Prehistoric Korea: Using Radiocarbon Dates as a Proxy for Population Change

AbstractPopulation growth has been evoked both as a causal factor and consequence of the transition to agriculture. The use of radiocarbon (14C) dates as proxies for population allows for reevaluations of population as a variable in the transition to agriculture. In Korea, numerous rescue excavations during recent decades have offered a wealth of14C data for this application. A summed probability distribution (SPD) of14C dates is investigated to reconstruct population trends preceding and following adoptions of food production in prehistoric Korea. Important cultivars were introduced to Korea in two episodes: millets during the Chulmun Period (ca. 6000–1500 BCE) and rice during the Mumun Period (ca. 1500–300 BCE). The SPD suggests that while millet production had little impact on Chulmun populations, a prominent surge in population appears to have followed the introduction of rice. The case in prehistoric Korea demonstrates that the adoption of food production does not lead inevitably towards sustained population growth. Furthermore, the data suggest that the transition towards intensive agriculture need not occur under conditions of population pressure resulting from population growth. Rather, intensive rice farming in prehistoric Korea began during a period of population stagnation.

Beyond rice farming: Evidence from central Korea reveals wide resource utilization in the Songgukri culture during the late-Holocene

This study investigates prehistoric subsistence of the middle Bronze (Mumun) period in the central part of the Korean Peninsula during the late-Holocene. Rice farming has often been regarded as a harbinger of complex society with an economic foundation based on rice yields. We test this common hypothesis on intensive rice farming as a primary means of subsistence and political economy through an integrative approach with archaeobotanical and isotopic data. We focus on the sites from the Songgukri culture (2900–2400 cal. BP) which are scattered along the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River. Our study indicates settlers along the Geum River utilized a wide range of crops and wild animals, a picture far removed from the popular view of a rice-dominated diet in the Songgukri culture.

Recognizing wetland ecosystem services for sustainable rice farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

The increased rice production in the Mekong Delta during the last two decades has improved agricultural income and reduced poverty, but it has also had negative impacts on the environment and human health. This study shows that integrated rice–fish farming and integrated pest management strategies provide sustainable options to intensive rice farming, because of a more balanced use of multiple ecosystem services that benefit the farmers’ health, economy and the environment. The study investigates and compares farming strategies among 40 rice and 20 rice–fish farmers in two locations in the Mekong Delta. Production costs and income are used to compare the systems’ financial sustainability. The farmers’ perception on how their farming practices influence on ecosystem services and their livelihoods are used as an indication of the systems’ ecological and social sustainability. Although rice–fish farmers used lower amount of pesticides and fertilisers than rice farmers, there were no statistical differences in their rice yields or net income. Rice was seen as the most important ecosystem service from rice fields and related wetlands, but also several other ecosystem services, such as water quality, aquatic animals, plants, habitats, and natural enemies to pests, were seen as important to the farmers’ livelihoods and wellbeing. All farmers perceived that there had been a general reduction in all these other ecosystem services, due to intensive rice farming during the last 15 years, and that they will continue to decline. The majority of the farmers were willing to reduce their rice yields slightly for an improved quality of the other ecosystem services.

Comparing the costs and benefits of floating rice-based and intensive rice-based farming systems in the Mekong Delta

This paper compares financial costs and benefits of floating rice-based and intensive rice farming systems using data from focus group discussions and household survey in four locations in the Mekong Delta. We argue that the net financial benefit per 1000m2 of integrated floating rice-based farming systems is greater than the net financial benefit of intensive rice farming system. The total net benefit of floating rice-leeks shows the highest net benefit (VND 24.8 mil./1000 m2), followed by floating rice-sweet corn- two baby corn crops and cattle systems (VND 18.5 mil./1000m2), and floating rice-chili (VND 16.7-17.7 mil./1000m2). If farmers cultivate monoculture of rice either two or three crops, the net benefits are ranging from VND 2.2-4.8 mil./1000m2 respectively. Alternatively, farmers integrate vegetables; the net benefit was ranging from VND 5.6 to 11.7 mil./1000m2. The net benefit of the two rice crops is lowest (VND 1.3-2.3 mil./1000m2). Surprisingly, if farmers convert from two intensive rice crops to two maize crops, the net benefit can reach to VND 21 million/1000m2. The results support the argument that the floating rice based systems allows farmers diversified into profitable upland crops, which can help farmers to improve their total income.?

Improving nitrogen management via a regional management plan for Chinese rice production

A lack of basic information on optimal nitrogen (N) management often results in over- or under-application of N fertilizer in small-scale intensive rice farming. Here, we present a new database of N input from a survey of 6611 small-scale rice farmers and rice yield in response to added N in 1177 experimental on-farm tests across eight agroecological subregions of China. This database enables us to evaluate N management by farmers and develop an optimal approach to regional N management. We also investigated grain yield, N application rate, and estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in comparison to N application and farming practices. Across all farmers, the average N application rate, weighted by the area of rice production in each subregion, was 210 kg ha−1 and ranged from 30 to 744 kg ha−1 across fields and from 131 to 316 kg ha−1 across regions. The regionally optimal N rate (RONR) determined from the experiments averaged 167 kg ha−1 and varied from 114 to 224 kg N ha−1 for the different regions. If these RONR were widely adopted in China, approximately 56% of farms would reduce their use of N fertilizer, and approximately 33% would increase their use of N fertilizer. As a result, grain yield would increase by 7.4% from 7.14 to 7.67 Mg ha−1, and the estimated GHG emissions would be reduced by 11.1% from 1390 to 1236 kg carbon dioxide (CO2) eq Mg−1 grain. These results suggest that to achieve the goals of improvement in regional yield and sustainable environmental development, regional N use should be optimized among N-poor and N-rich farms and regions in China.

Effect of Chlorpyrifos Ethyl on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus, Bloch, 1972).

The high use of pesticides in intensive rice farming in the Mekong Delta constitutes a potential hazard to the environment and to people's health. Chlorpyrifos ethyl (CPF) is a commonly used organophosphate (OP) insecticide, but information about its potential negative impacts on the aquatic environment in the Mekong Delta is scarce. Both acute and subacute toxicity tests were performed in a static nonrenewable system to investigate the effects of CPF on brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in native climbing perch fingerlings (Anabas testudineus, Bloch, 1972). Environmental parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and pH, were similar to field conditions in the Mekong Delta. In a 96-h lethal concentration (LC50) test, fingerlings of climbing perch were randomly exposed to five levels of CPF ranging from 0.8 to 4.5ppm. Five sublethal levels of CPF (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the 96-h LC50 value) were tested to assess the sensitivity and recovery of the brain AChE activity in climbing perch fingerlings exposed to CPF. The results showed that CPF were moderately toxic to climbing perch with a 96-h median LC50 of 1.73ppm. CPF also caused long-term AChE inhibition with 70% inhibition remaining after 96h for the four highest test concentrations. The recovery of brain AChE activity in fish placed in CPF-free water was very slow, and after 7days the brain AChE activity was still significant lower in fish from the four highest concentrations compared with the control. The results from this study indicate that OP insecticides, such as CPF, can have long-lasting sublethal effects on aquatic species in the Mekong Delta.

Penilaian Potensi Baja Organik yang Diperkaya Terhadap Hasil Varieti Padi Wangi MRQ74

Green technology approach by using organic fertilizer is an alternative to the intensive rice farming in reducing the use of chemical inputs that has changed the soil fertility and organisms surround it. Six treatments using enriched organic fertilizer were evaluated their performance towards fragrant rice yield and soil fertility. Research has found that DOBE and compost fertilizer could increased the soil conductivity, number of plant per meter square and number of panicle per meter square and indirectly would increase the yield of MRQ 74.

Changes in nutrient concentration and carbon accumulation in a mediterranean restored marsh (Ebro Delta, Spain)

Eutrophication is now a serious environmental problem worldwide because it disrupts the metabolism of aquatic ecosystems. In the Ebro Delta, intensive rice farming during the 20th century has increased coastal eutrophication and caused ecological and economic impacts. Marsh restoration is as an effective economic and ecological tool to remove nutrients from agricultural runoff, thereby limiting coastal eutrophication impacts and also providing other ecosystem services. The objective of this experimental study was to assess overall N and P concentration reduction, C accumulation and Si buffering in an oligohaline restored marsh receiving nutrient and sediment inputs from river irrigation and rice field drainage waters under different water levels. We established the experimental restored marsh in abandoned deltaic rice fields from August 2009 to June 2012. The study of changes in nutrient concentration was performed in 2010 from June to November. The study of nutrient and carbon accumulation was performed from August 2009 to May 2011. We used two freshwater input type treatments (riverine irrigation and rice field drainage water) and three water level treatments (10, 20 and 30cm). Our results showed that higher water nutrient concentrations from rice fields caused significantly higher N- NH4+ and P- PO43− concentration reduction (80.76±1.8% and 17.99±3.92% respectively). There was also an export in TP and P- PO43− (−45.08±13.12 and −23.85±8.15%, respectively) in experimental marsh units receiving river irrigation waters. Significantly lower soil redox conditions and higher total maximum aboveground biomass in the IW treatment were associated with lower N- NO3− concentration reduction and higher Si-SiO2 concentration reduction (94.14±0.72% and 58.54±1.08% respectively) than the DW treatment. Higher sediment concentrations from rice fields were associated with higher C accumulation rates (126.10±6.25gm−2y−1) compared with experimental marsh units receiving river irrigation waters (99.44±8.23gm−2y−1). Higher water levels also increased significantly P- PO43− and Si-SiO2 concentration reduction and C accumulation rates within both water type treatments. Our experimental study showed how multiple mechanisms control N and P concentration reduction, Si buffering and C accumulation. Plant growth may decrease the ability to reduce the input concentration of N- NO3− possibly due to denitrification inhibition via plant oxygenation of marsh soils. Plant uptake may favor Si buffering in the restored marsh, although high water levels may also control Si buffering through higher residence time for diatom uptake. This study indicates that Mediterranean oligohaline restored marshes removed N and P using both river irrigation and rice field drainage waters and also provide C accumulation and Si buffering services. The use of agriculture runoff as a primary source of nutrient and sediment is beneficial for marsh restoration projects focused on C accumulation. In general, higher water levels (20–30cm) were better for nutrient concentration reduction and C accumulation, but higher water levels were also associated with lower plant biomass.

Methane Emission on Intensive rice Farming with Water Frequency and Fertilizer Management in North Sumatera

Rice cultivation during four planting seasons by using cultivation system improvements, especially in the management provision of water and fertilizer, other than increasing rice production can also reduce methane emission which is often rumored as a cause of global warming. Efforts to reduce methane emission from paddy fields must be done because of the impact of ecological damage caused by climate change due to global warming. It is estimated that by the year 2100 the average surface temperature of the earth will increase up 2 to 3° C. The experiment was conducted in the village of Purbaganda, Pematang Bandar District, Simalungun over four planting seasons from July 2011 until June 2012. The research design used in the study was split plot design which was organized into groups based on the difficulty of obtaining an ideal environmental uniformity in the field. Watering System treatment as main plot factor (A) and fertilization as subplot factor (B), with three replications. The treatments in the main plot were intermittent and continuous irrigation system, conducted to determine the amount of methane emissions in each planting season. For subplot, the fertilization treatments were based on laboratory analysis of soil, and Fertilization Recommendation of the Minister of Agriculture regulation No. 40 OT.140/2007. These were then combined with probiotic fertilization. The results showed that the pattern of methane emission varies in each treatment. The average methane emission was highest in treatment A1B1 with 338.50 kg ha-1 per season, and lowest in A2B6 treatment with 63.25 kg ha-1 per season. A2B6 treatment that used fertilization according to laboratory analysis with probiotic fertilization experienced intermittent irrigation process. The higher dosage of fertilizer N in treatment A1B1 led to higher methane emission than treatment A2B6. N fertilizer in rice fields can increase methane emissions due to increased rice growth, which was the source of methane biomass that increased the emission lines. Interaction between flooding and fertilization treatments that gave the highest emission during the four planting seasons was A1B1 and the lowest was A2B6. Comparison between the interaction of A1B1 and A2B6 on methane emission results was significantly different (DMRT test, P = 0.05).

铁炉渣施加对稻田甲烷产生、氧化与排放的影响

为了阐明铁炉渣施加对稻田甲烷产生、氧化与排放的影响,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对对照(CK)、2 Mg/hm²(Fe Ⅰ)、4 Mg/hm²(Fe Ⅱ)和8 Mg/hm²(Fe Ⅲ)铁炉渣施加后稻田甲烷产生、氧化与排放进行了测定与分析。研究结果表明:观测期内,CK、Fe Ⅰ、Fe Ⅱ和Fe Ⅲ样地甲烷产生量分别为0.06-8.87、0.12-8.28、0.15-7.84、0.17-7.82 mg·m^-2·h^-1,平均产生量分别为4.68、3.92、3.14、2.76 mg·m^-2·h^-1;甲烷氧化量分别是0.02-1.27、0.09-0.95、0.09-1.54、0.09-2.79 mg·m^-2·h^-1,平均氧化量为0.46、0.47、0.59、0.55 mg·m^-2·h^-1;甲烷排放分别是0.04-7.99、0.03-7.33、0.06-6.30、 0.08-5.12 mg·m^-2·h^-1,平均值分别为3.11、2.29、1.76、1.59 mg·m^-2·h^-1。铁炉渣的施加降低了甲烷产生量和排放通量,提高了甲烷氧化量。;Methane emission from biogenic sources is very important for the global CH₄ budget. Paddy fields have been identified as one of the major sources of anthropogenic CH₄ emissions to the atmosphere. Rice is the major cereal crop to feed more than half of the world's population, and the production of rice will increase with the expanding world population and may increase the associated CH₄ emissions and thereby accelerate global warming effects. Therefore, feasible soil management strategies need to be developed for reducing CH₄ emission from intensive rice farming while sustaining rice productivity.<br> Among the various factors, the content of soil oxidants (electron acceptors) and reductants (electron donors) play vital role in controlling CH₄ emissions from wetland rice agriculture. While electron acceptors can control CH₄ emission from paddy fields, it can be regenerated during the drained period. For example, Iron reduction is a dominant redox process within the redox sequence of anaerobic systems, and may suppress CH₄ production and its emission.<br> A field experiment was carried out in the Wufeng Agronomy Field of the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (26.1°N, 119.3°E), Southeast China during the rice growing season in April to July 2011. The soil at the experimental site was moist, poorly drained, clay loam, paddy field soil type. Bulk density of the soil before experimentation was 1.1 g cm^-3, and other chemical properties were: pH 6.5, organic carbon 18.1 g/kg, total N 1.2 g/kg, total P 1.1 g/kg.<br> In order to clarify the effect of iron slag amendment on paddy field methane production, oxidation and emission, the methane production, oxidation and emission of control (CK) and after 2 Mg/hm²(Fe Ⅰ), 4 Mg/hm²(Fe Ⅱ), and 8 Mg/hm²(Fe Ⅲ) iron slag application were determined by static chamber-gas chromatogram. The results showed: Methane production rates of CK, Fe Ⅰ, Fe Ⅱ and Fe Ⅲ plot were 0.06-8.87, 0.12-8.28, 0.15-7.84, 0.17-7.82 mg·m^-2· h^-1 during observation date and averaged values were 4.68, 3.92, 3.14, 2.76 mg·m^-2·h^-1,respectively. Methane oxidation rates were 0.02-1.27, 0.09-0.95, 0.09-1.54, 0.09-2.79 mg·m^-2·h^-1 and averaged values were 0.46, 0.47, 0.59, 0.55 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. Methane emission fluxes were 0.04-7.99, 0.03-7.33, 0.06-6.30, 0.08-5.12 mg·m^-2·h^-1 and averaged values were 3.11, 2.29, 1.76, 1.59 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. Iron slag suppressed methane production and emission, while it increased CH₄ oxidation rate.