Intensity Of Urinary Schistosomiasis Research Articles

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba, Kwale

Objective: To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba, Kwale County, Kenya. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age (15-<50 years) from four villages in Mwaluphamba location. Stool specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method, while filtration technique was used to analyze urine specimens. Participants’ sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized questionnaire. Results: Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7% (20/422, 95% CI 2.8%-6.9%) while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5% (19/422, 95% CI 2.6%-6.7%). The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 mL. The patients were diagnosed with light infection, of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms, respectively. Women without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a latrine. Similarly, use of surface water (aOR=1.0, 95% CI 0.2-1.4, P=0.010) and crossing the river to go to a place (aOR=1.1, 95% CI 0.3-1.6, P=0.009) were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary schistosomiasis. In bivariable regression analysis, defecating around the water source (OR=4.3, 95% CI 1.5-12.9) had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (P=0.008). Conclusions: This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among selected people in Tulus area, South Darfur State, Sudan

Background: Urinary schistosomiasis is a major public health issue in Sudan. The disease is endemic in many rural communities across the country.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among selected individual in the city of Tulus, South Darfur state, Sudan. One hundred terminal urine samples were collected and examined for Schistosoma haematobium eggs using standard filtration technique.Results: A total of 100 individual were enrolled in the study with a mean (±SD) age of 17.7±0.73 years. Out of them, 62 (62%) were found to be infected with Schistosoma haematobium. The statistical analysis showed significant association with gender (p=0.043) with higher prevalence 70.9 % (39/55) in female than males 51.1 % (23/45). Majority of the S. haematobium infections were classified as intense infection (82%, 51/62) with egg count ≥50 eggs/10 ml urine, while gross haematuria was observed in 10% of urine samples.Conclusions: In conclusion, the prevalence of S. haematobium infection in the study participants was remarkably high. However, further studies, including large sample size will be essential to assess the burden of the disease in the study area.

Urogenital Schistosomiasis Study in a Rural Community, North West Nigeria

Background: Bilharzia is a parasitic disease caused by the trematode worms (schistosomes). It is the most important and prevalent of water-borne parasitic disease.Schistosomiasis affects between 200 million and 300 million people in 77 countries throughout the world and is a significant cause of disease in areas of endemic infections especially among children.
 Aims: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among people in Goronyo and taloka communities in Sokoto State, Nigeria.
 Study Design: Investigative study.
 Place and duration of study: The samples were collected from Goronyo and Taloka communities of Goronyo local government Area of Sokoto State between October and December, 2020.
 Methodology: 300 water samples were obtained from domestic water sources. 175 of the samples were collected from river, 77 from borehole and 48 from well. Samples were investigated for the presence of parasites using standard parasitological techniques. Samples were subjected to macroscopy, filtration, centrifugation and microscopy.
 Results: Findings reveals total prevalence of 37%. The prevalence in Taloka was higher (47%) than Goronyo (27%)(P<0.05). Males were found to be more infected (52%) than their females counterparts (12%). The age group 16-20 had the highest prevalence rate of 45% compared to age group 5-10 (34%). Fishermen had the highest prevalence rate of 71% while civil servants is least (14%).
 Conclusion: Findings revealed that the source of water in the study area constitute an epidemiological threat to public health. However, inhabitants of the communities should boil or treat water before consumption while we solicit for government intervention so that the control of the infestation can be achieved through the integration of complementary strategies such as disease surveillance, chemotherapy, health education, alternative water supplies and public sanitation in the study area.

A comparative study on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary (formal) and almajiri (informal) school pupils in kura local government area of Kano State, Nigeria.

Urinary schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases in the world today, particularly in developing countries including Nigeria. Chronic infection can affect the genitourinary system. School pupils, particularly the informal Almajiri school pupils are at increased risk of the infection. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary and Almajiri school pupils in Kura Local Government Area (LGA) aged 5-15 years. We also aim to determine the presence of haematuria and proteinuria among these pupils. It was a cross-sectional comparative study involving 200 primary and 200 Almajiri school pupils aged 5-15 years in Kura LGA who met the inclusion criteria. Urine samples were analysed by the dipstick urinalysis and microscopically examined for the egg S. haematobium. The Almajiri school pupils had a significantly higher infection (55.5%) than the primary school pupils (43.0%). The infection was predominantly of light intensity in both school types (67%). The overall mean egg intensity was 51.6 ± 35 EPC. The infection was higher among boys and those aged 10 years and above. Majority of the pupils had microhaematuria (88.3%) and and proteinuria (71.1%), which were statistically significantly associated with the infection with P < 0.1 and P < 0.001, respectively. The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis is higher among the Almajiri school pupils compared to the primary school pupils. Control programmes should focus on these Almajiri pupils in addition to the primary school pupils.

PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG RESIDENTS ALONG RIVER BENUE, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

In Nigeria, infection caused by Schistosoma haematobium has been known to be endemic especially among residence along Rivers. This study was a cross-sectional that involved 1,404 participants in ten (10) communities across five Local Government Areas (LGA) in question, they were randomly selected from July to September 2016 and from February to April 2017. Urine samples collected were examined using sedimentation technique while intensity was ascertained as eggs/10mls of urine and values were expressed as Mean±SD. Data on demography were obtained by structured questionnaires and was computed using SPSS version 22. Out of the overall prevalence and intensity of Urinary schistosomiasis 23.2% and 513±0.05 eggs/10mls of urine that were recorded, Kabawa had (12.4% and 80±0.02) prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and lowest in Kangle (12.3% and 24±0.82 eggs/10ml) with significance association between intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and community (p&lt;0.05). However, Gender related prevalence and intensity revealed 25.5% and 289±4.66 eggs/10ml as the highest while, 20.8% and 206±4.49 eggs/10ml were recorded as the lowest among males and females respectively. Furthermore, prevalence and intensity by age shows that, participants within age bracket 5-14 years old had the highest prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis (36.6%) and (142±0.005 eggs/10ml) respectively. While, low prevalence and intensity urinary schistosomiasis was recorded among age group 45-54years old 9.0% with (42±0.040 eggs/10mls). Subjects fetching from River/Streams had high prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis compare to borehole fetchers 13.8% and 241±0.302 egg/10ml of urine, 31.8%, 46±0.080 egg/10ml of urine and respectively. Occupational related prevalence and intensity was highest among Fishers with 35.0% and 188±0.012 egg/10ml of urine while, lowest prevalence and intensity were recorded among Business men4.8%, and 36±0.020 egg/10ml of urine among Civil servants. In conclusion, this study has shown moderate prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis, therefore, chemotherapy and Health Education should be advocated from time to time across the study area.

Prevalence and Intensity of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Residence: A Case Study in River Benue, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria

Background: In Nigeria, an infection caused by Schistosoma haematobium has been known to be endemic especially among residents along Rivers, and it is responsible for considerable public health problems.&#x0D; Aims: This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and intensity of infection among the vulnerable communities.&#x0D; Study Design: A cross-sectional study involving 1,404 participants within age bracket 5-55 years old and above, in ten communities across five Local Government Areas along River Benue in Adamawa State, was conducted. Urine samples were collected from randomly selected study subjects and were examined using centrifugation and sedimentation techniques. The intensity of infection was ascertained as eggs/10mls of urine and values expressed as Mean ± SD. Data on demography were obtained by structured questionnaires. The simple percentage was used and Chi-square as well to ascertain the associations between prevalence and other parameters. P&lt;0.05 was considered as significant.&#x0D; Results and Discussion: The overall prevalence and intensity of infection were 23.2% and 513±0.05 eggs/10 ml of urine respectively. Kabawa had the highest infection rate and intensity with 12.4% and 80±0.02 respectively. The lowest was recorded in Kangle (12.3% and 24±0.82 eggs/10 ml), with a significant association between parasite intensity and community (p&lt;0.05). Gender-related prevalence and intensity revealed that males (25.5% and 289±4.66 eggs/10 ml) were more affected than the females (20.8% and 206±4.49 eggs/10 ml). Participants within age bracket 5-14 years old had the highest prevalence (36.6%) and intensity (142±0.005 eggs/10 ml), while the lowest was recorded among age group 45-54 years old with 9.0% and 42±0.040 eggs/10 ml. Prevalence and intensity of infection was highest among Subjects fetching water from River/Streams (31.8%, 46±0.080 egg/10 ml of urine), whereas the least were observed among borehole fetchers (13.8% and 241±0.302 egg/10 ml of urine). Occupational related prevalence and intensity were highest among Fishers with 35.0% and 188±0.012 egg/10 ml of urine. Chemotherapy and Health Education should be advocated across the study area.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study has established that Schistosoma haematobium infection is prevalent among the residents living along the River Benue in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Although infection was more among the males than the females, there was no significant difference, but there were significant differences in prevalence and intensity with age, the source of drinking water, and occupation.

Prevalence and Intensity of Urinary Schistosomiasis in School-age Children in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of the schistosomiasis in school-aged children of 4 selected primary schools in Ijoun community of Yewa North Local Government Area in Ogun State and to evaluate the distribution of infection in terms of age and gender. A total number of 184 Urine samples were collected from the pupils and examined for the presence of over of Schistosoma haematobium, 89 0f the student were positive, Yewa North local Government School 1 had the highest prevalence with 58.82%, followed by Yewa North local Government School 2 with 50.0%, followed by Ansarudeen Primary School with 48%, and Yewa North local Government School 3 recorded the least with 40.0%. Out of 100 sample collected for male 49 were positive with the rate of 49.0% and 84 samples collected for female 40 were positive with the rate of 47.61%. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in relation to age groups. Age group 10 -12 years recorded the highest prevalence with 54.21% followed by age 7-9 with 52.38%, followed by age 13-15 with 37.73% and age group 16 -18 years had the lowest rate (33.33%). From the stated hypothesis, It can be affirmed that there is a significant difference between age and gender of the children in relation to schistosomiasis. There is a need for health education in the rural areas, designed to discourage the pupil's contact with surface water sources and provision of portable water supply.

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among school age children in Ikota, Southwestern Nigeria

Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic disease second to malaria in terms of socio-economic importance. Epidemiological data upon which management control could be based is lacking in Ikota, Ondo State, Nigeria. The present study evaluated the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among School age children in Ikota, Ifedore Local Government Area (LGA) of Ondo State, Nigeria. Urine samples were first examined macroscopically for haematuria while reagent strip was used to detect proteinuria after which sedimentation method was used to analyse the samples for characteristic features of the Schistosoma haematobium. Data obtained from the study were analyzed using Pearson's Chi Square Test. A total of 150 subjects were examined, out of which 76 (50.7%) were male and 74 (49.3%) were female. Results obtained from this study revealed a total prevalence of 24% with mean intensity of 21.82 egg/10 mL of urine. The percentage distribution of the infection among the sexes showed that the male students had a lower prevalence of 21.1% of infection than their female counterparts who had 27.0% prevalence with no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05). It was also observed that age group 5-9 had the highest prevalence and mean intensity of 100% and 13.50 egg/10 mL of infection with no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05). In the same vein, sources of water vary significantly among the subjects (p &lt; 0.05). Those who depended on river water (75.0%) had the highest level of infection. Therefore, it is evident that S. haematobium infection is prevalent among the study subjects and appropriate management control strategies should be deployed to the study area.

Intensity of urinary schistosomiasis on gender-aged group of primary schools children in Sokoto South and Kware Area, Sokoto State, Nigeria

Study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in three selected primary schools around Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 375 samples of urine examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni using standard filtration technique. The prevalence and parasite load of S. haematobium were 60.80% and 43.85/10 mL of urine. The prevalence varied among schools, age of children, gender and water contact. The highest prevalence of 75.20% was recorded in Basansan Model Primary School. Age group 9-12 years had the highest (71.42%) prevalence of infection. Males with the prevalence of 79.57% were more infected than females with prevalence of 29.28%. Based on occupation and water contact activities, the result showed that children of farmers had the highest prevalence of 71.50% and 84.87%, children whose source of drinking water is from Dam, had the highest prevalence of 75.24%. The study area is endemic for urinary schistosomiasis with high significant variation (P &lt; 0.01) between the prevalence of the infections in almost all the primary schools. Health Education Campaign, treatment of infected individuals, provision of safe water for domestic uses and control of snails’ vector should be encouraged.

Evaluation of Intensity of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Biase and Yakurr Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria after Two Years of Integrated Control Measures

Evaluation of Intensity of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Biase and Yakurr Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria after Two Years of Integrated Control Measures

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in the district of Niakhar, region of Fatick, Senegal.

BackgroundUrinary schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that exists in all regions of Senegal. It is a major public health issue in this country. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and intensity of this parasitosis in 12 villages of Niakhar (Fatick, Senegal).MethodsA total of 210 schoolchildren, aged 7 to 15 years, were enrolled in this study, and urine samples were examined for Schistosoma haematobium eggs using a standard urine filtration technique.ResultsOf these children, 121 (57.6%) were found to be infected with a mean geometric count of 185 eggs per 10 ml of urine. The disease was present in all surveyed villages, and the prevalence ranged from 14.3% to 92.8%. The prevalence of infection was significantly correlated with increasing age and was higher in boys. Infection intensity was significantly higher in boys but did not significantly differ with age. Significant relationships between i) water contact or access to running water and ii) the prevalence or intensity of urinary schistosomiasis were also noted.ConclusionsThe district of Niakhar is endemic for urinary schistosomiasis, with a high intensity of infection. A control program to decrease the prevalence and intensity should be implemented in this area to improve community health.

Current status of urinary schistosomiasis in communities around the Erinle and Eko-Ende Dams and the implications for schistosomiasis control in Nigeria

AbstractSchistosomiasis is an endemic disease in many parts of the world and the disease is associated with water resource development projects, such as dams, irrigation schemes, and rice and fish farming. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in five communities around the Erinle and Eko-Ende Dams in Osun State, Nigeria, using dipstickhaematuria, and parasitogical and molecular techniques. A total of 462 participants were screened, of whom 46.3%, 51.1% and 61.5% tested positive when using haematuria, microscopy and PCR respectively. The highest prevalence of the infection and intensity was in Illie (Erinle Dam), while Eko-Ajala (Eko-Ende Dam) had the least. Using analysis of variance and chi-square tests, the differences in the prevalence and intensity of the infection between the fve communities was statistically signifcant (p-value < 0.05). The prevalence and the intensity of the infection was higher in communities around Erinle Dam when com...

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in Abarma village, Gusau, Nigeria: A preliminary investigation

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in Abarma district of Gusau Local Government Area of Zamfara State, Nigeria. A total of 400 urine samples were collected and analyzed for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium using the standard filtration technique out of which 296 (74.0%) were found to be infected. The mean egg intensity of infection was 77.63 eggs/10ml of urine. The infection rate was higher among males 81.7% than the females 68.6%, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The males had higher mean egg intensity of 139.36 eggs/10ml of urine compared to the females with 38.16%eggs/10ml of urine. The highest infection was recorded in the age group 10-19 years, with 86.8% and egg mean intensity of 102.7 eggs/10ml of urine while the least infection rate occurred within the 30- 39 years and 50-59 years age groups, with 55.0 and 50.0 eggs/10ml of urine respectively indicating infection to be age specific (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis indicated the infection to be higher in lower age group (p < 0.05). With respect to occupation, students were the highest infected (87.65%), followed by farmers (85.7%), traders (75.0%), housewives (58.7%) and civil servants (12.5%). Prolonged contact with water was a factor aiding infection as the people engaged in farming had the highest infection rate of 100.0% while those that went to the river to fetch water had the least infection rate of 52.7%. Those that went to the river for fishing had the highest mean egg intensity of 112.18 eggs/10ml of urine, while the least mean egg intensity occurred among those that engaged in swimming with 32.13 eggs/10ml of urine. These findings indicate that the area is endemic to urinary schistosomiasis and therefore prompt intervention in the study area is needed.

Urinary schistosomiasis, perception and treatment-seeking behaviour in Sankwala, Cross River State, south-eastern Nigeria

Studies on perception, water contact activities, treatment seeking behaviours and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in Sankwala were conducted at four endemic sites namely Central Primary School, Community Secondary School, Godbey Secondary Commercial School and Ipale Community. A total of 620 subjects were tested. The prevalence of infection was 37.90%. Intensity of infection was measured by the filtration technique while proteinuria and haematuria were measured using Combi . 9 test strip. The degree of awareness of infection among subject was tested using well-structured questionnaire. The degree of awareness stood at 94.75% though none of the respondents knew the causative agent of urinary schistosomiasis. The number of respondents that accepted involvement in one water-related activity or the other was 77.18%. The interrelationship between infection and water contact, fresh water snails and the presence of blood in urine is understood by the subjects to an appreciable degree. The treatment seeking behaviour of the respondents is also presented. Control measures based on the socio-ecological settings of Sankwala is presented while emphasis on further research in this hitherto undiscovered endemic focus is strongly suggested.

Urinary schistosomiasis among preschool-aged children in Sahelian rural communities in Mali.

BackgroundMass chemotherapy with praziquantel is the main control strategy for schistosomiasis in Mali. However, in the national control programme for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, infants and preschool-aged children are overlooked in preventive chemotherapy campaigns. We therefore determined the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in children between the ages 1-4 years in three villages across Diema health district, a rural community with endemic schistosomiasis in Mali. For Schistosoma haematobium diagnosis, a single urine sample of 10 ml obtained from each child was subjected to the standard urine filtration method.ResultsOf the 338 children examined 173 (51.2%) were infected. Both prevalence and intensity of infection varied significantly between communities (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference (p = 0.94) in infection rates between boys (51.2%) and girls (50.3%). Likewise, prevalence did not significantly increase with age (p = 0.86). The overall geometric mean of Williams (GMw) was 18.41 eggs/10 ml urine, with no significant association (p = 0.91) between boys (17.48 eggs/10 ml urine) and girls (19.69 eggs/10 ml urine). However, the GMw significantly increased with age (p = 0.04). Infection of preschool children would occur through early exposure to infected water bodies through both passive and active process.ConclusionOur study showed that preschool children living closely to lakes across in Mali are at high risk to be infected by schistosomiasis and contributed largely to the transmission; therefore schistosomiasis control interventions should also target infants in addition to school children and adults in endemic areas.

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in minjibir local government area ofKano state

Urine samples were collected from 493 pupils (5-16 years) at Wasai and Dingim wards in Minjibir Local Government Area of Kano State. The samples were examined for urinary Schistosomiasis infection. 218 (44.2%) of the pupils were infected. The prevalence rate was higher in Dingim (52.5%) than in Wasai (41.55%) .The rate of infection among males in Wasai was (56.28%) and 2.7% among females and no female was infected in Dingim. Haematuria was found in more than half (52.75%) of the infected pupils .The prevalence of infection are as follows (71.88%) ,(51.83%), (35.46%) for the age range 14-16,11-13, and 5-16 years respectively. This study gives the latest information on the rate of Schistosoma haematobium infection in the area and the need for an urgent intervention. Key words: Urinary Schistosomiasis ,pupils, Minjibir Local Govt Area , Kano

Prevalence and intensity of urinary Schistosomiasis in Ibadan south west area of Oyo state, Nigeria

The prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Ibadan South West Area of Oyo State, Nigeria were investigated using urine sedimentation method. Out of 380 urine samples collected from school children and examined, 177 (46.6%) tested positive for Schistosoma haematobium infection. Males had higher prevalence of 25.8% than females with 20.8%. However, prevalence of infection was not significantly (p>0.05) higher in the males than the females. Mean intensity of eggs in urine was 58 eggs/10 ml. Prevalence and intensity of infection in school children were found to be significantly (p

Urinary schistosomiasis among preschool children in a rural community near Abeokuta, Nigeria

BackgroundThe control of schistosomiasis in Nigeria is mainly by mass treatment with praziquantel through the school system, with an absence of any provision for pre-school children. We therefore determined the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in pre-school children between the ages of 1-6 years in Ilewo-Orile a rural and endemic community, near Abeokuta, Nigeria as part of providing information on the neglected tropical diseases among this age group. Two urine samples were collected from each pre-school child. The samples were tested for microhaematuria using reagent strips and then processed and examined with a microscope for Schistosoma haematobium ova.ResultsOf the 167 children examined 97 (58.1%) had infection, with no significant difference (P = 0.809) in infection rates between boys (57.1%) and girls (59.2%). Both prevalence and intensity of infection did not increase significantly with age (P = 0.732). The overall geometric mean egg count was 1.17 eggs/10 ml urine. There was no significant association (P = 0.387) between intensity in boys (1.16 eggs/10 ml urine) and girls (1.19 eggs/10 ml urine). 47.4% of the children had microhaematuria which did not increase significantly with age (P = 0.526). Focus group discussions with guardians and caregivers revealed that infection of pre-school children early in life was due to exposures through bathing in the stream by their mothers, while the older children would visit the stream for washing, fetching of water, bathing and swimming.ConclusionCommunity participatory health education is needed in this community as a first step in reducing infection and transmission of the disease, while the rehabilitation and repair of the existing water borehole system in the community should be effected. The results of this study have shown that pre-school children also harbour infection and are a source of transmission of schistosomiasis in endemic communities. Planning and provision for their treatment should be considered in control programmes.

Urinary schistosomiasis and iron deficiency anemia among Malian school children

Anemia continues to be a major public health problem in many countries. The prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis, which contributes to anemia, often peak at school age adding to that age group’s nutrition and disease burdens. However, unlike malaria and hookworm infections, little is known on the role of urinary schistosomiasis in iron deficiency anemia. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and the effect of iron supplementation on hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) levels among school children infected with Schistosoma haematobium in Bamako, the capital city of Mali. A total of 150 anemic school children between 7 and 12 years were randomly assigned to receive either 40mg/kg of praziquantel or 40mg/kg of praziquantel (P) + daily 66 mg of iron (Fe), five days a week for three months. Hb and SF were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks of the intervention. Only children who had complete Hb and SF data at each stage of the trial were included in the statistical analyses (n = 74 in the P+Fe group; n = 66 in the P group). At baseline, mean Hb (g/dl) was 10.53±0.93 in the P group and 10.47±1.17 in the Fe+P group; mean SF (µg/l) was 34.39±37.58 in the P group and 29.82±23.34 in the Fe+P group, and the prevalence of iron deficiency was 17.2%. At 6 and 12 weeks of the intervention, there was an important reduction in anemia and in iron deficiency in both treatment groups. Mean Hb (g/dl) was higher in the Fe+P group (11.63±0.88 and 11.55±0.94) than in the P group (11.14±0.98 and 10.84±0.86) at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Mean SF (µg/l) was also higher in the P+Fe group (74.26±40 and 100.29±53.92) than in the P group(40.65±35.63 and 40.70±29.57) at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. In these Schistosoma haematobium infected children, iron deficiency was prevalent and treatments with P alone or in combination with Fe supplementation were able to increase hemoglobin and iron stores. Neither P nor P+Fe by alone completely reversed anemia in this sample population.

Urinary Schistosomiasis And Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Malian School Children

Anemia continues to be a major public health problem in many countries. The prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis, which contributes to anemia, often peak at school age adding to that age group’s nutrition and disease burdens. However, unlike malaria and hookworm infections, little is known on the role of urinary schistosomiasis in iron deficiency anemia. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and the effect of iron supplementation on hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) levels among school children infected with Schistosoma haematobium in Bamako, the capital city of Mali. A total of 150 anemic school children between 7 and 12 years were randomly assigned to receive either 40mg/kg of praziquantel or 40mg/kg of praziquantel (P) + daily 66 mg of iron (Fe), five days a week for three months. Hb and SF were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks of the intervention. Only children who had complete Hb and SF data at each stage of the trial were included in the statistical analyses (n = 74 in the P+Fe group; n = 66 in the P group). At baseline, mean Hb (g/dl) was 10.53±0.93 in the P group and 10.47±1.17 in the Fe+P group; mean SF (μg/l) was 34.39±37.58 in the P group and 29.82±23.34 in the Fe+P group, and the prevalence of iron deficiency was 17.2%. At 6 and 12 weeks of the intervention, there was an important reduction in anemia and in iron deficiency in both treatment groups. Mean Hb (g/dl) was higher in the Fe+P group (11.63±0.88 and 11.55±0.94) than in the P group (11.14±0.98 and 10.84±0.86) at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Mean SF (μg/l) was also higher in the P+Fe group (74.26±40 and 100.29±53.92) than in the P group (40.65±35.63 and 40.70±29.57) at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. In these Schistosoma haematobium infected children, iron deficiency was prevalent and treatments with P alone or in combination with Fe supplementation were able to increase hemoglobin and iron stores. Neither P nor P+Fe by alone completely reversed anemia in this sample population. Key words: Urinary schistosomiasis, anemia, children, Mali