Intensity Of Sport Activity Research Articles

Prevalence and determinants of low QRS voltages and QRS fragmentation in children and adolescents undergoing sports pre-participation screening.

Low QRS voltages (LQRSV) in limb leads and QRS fragmentation (FQRS) are possible electrocardiographic signs of myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyopathy, but they are not listed in current criteria for interpreting athlete's electrocardiogram (ECG). We investigated the prevalence and determinants of LQRSV and FQRS in a cohort of young apparently healthy athletes undergoing pre-participation screening (PPS). We analysed a consecutive series of 2140 ECG obtained during PPS of young athletes (mean age 12.5 ± 2.6 years, 7-18-year-old, 49% males). The peak-to-peak QRS voltage was measured in all limb leads, and LQRSV were defined when maximum value was <0.5 mV. Fragmented QRS morphologies were grouped into five patterns. Lead aVR was not considered. Maximum peak-to-peak QRS voltage in limb leads was 1.4 ± 0.4 mV, similar between younger and older athletes, but significantly lower in females than males (1.35 ± 0.38 mV vs. 1.45 ± 0.42 mV; P < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between maximal QRS voltages and body mass index (BMI), but not with type of sport or training load. Only five (0.2%) individuals showed LQRSV. At least one fragmented QRS complex was identified in 831 (39%) individuals but excluding the rSr' pattern in V1-V2, only 10 (0.5%) showed FQRS in ≥2 contiguous leads. They were older than those without FQRS, but did not differ in terms of gender, BMI, type of sport, or training load. Low QRS voltages in limb leads and FQRS in ≥2 contiguous leads excluding V1-V2 are rare in young apparently healthy athletes and are not related to the type and intensity of sport activity. Therefore, they may require additional testing to rule out an underlying disease particularly when other abnormalities are present.

Protocol Article: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Children's Feet and Lower Extremities.

The health of children's lower extremities and feet is a focus area for caregivers and healthcare professionals such as doctors, school nurses, and podiatrists. Our study aims to investigate the general health status of Danish children's lower extremities and feet to identify anthropometric parameters that might be preconditions for pain and evaluate for foot diseases and whether they are associated with pain intensity and location, three-dimensional foot dimensions and foot pressure mapping, shoe dimensions, types and intensity of sports activity, quality of life, and foot health. The aim is that we will be able to identify parameters pre-dispositioning for pain, thus providing recommendations for sports activities in relation to the anthropometric conditions of a child as a potential preventive measure for pain. This analysis will be stratified by socioeconomic status on a group level, and this perspective will be able to provide preventative recommendations to prevent pain. This study is a cross-sectional examination of a thousand children in the first, fifth, and ninth grades in randomized selected Danish primary schools. We will perform a clinical examination of the lower extremities and feet for misalignments, deformities, and diseases as well as rotational status and range of motion. Moreover, we will evaluate their pain levels, sports activities, three-dimensional foot dimensions, plantar pressure, footwear, and patient-related outcome measures (PROMs) for foot health and quality of life. We aim to provide an anthropometrical overview of the lower extremities and feet in children. The obtained basic understanding of healthy normal material in children will be analyzed for its relationships with pain level, sports activities, and socioeconomic status on a group level. This could potentially provide us with an understanding of the factors that impact lower extremity and foot diseases in children. In conclusion, examining children's lower extremities and feet in Danish primary schools is a step toward identifying areas of improvement in self-care and shoe fitting, mapping podiatry-related needs of care in children's feet, and providing parental recommendations for preventive actions on shoe fitting and the choice and intensity of sports activity concerning pain. The tenet of this study is a long-term follow-up to evaluate the long-term socioeconomic course on a group level, foot status, and sports activity, using patient-related outcome measures evaluating quality of life and other lifestyle factors such as emotional functioning, social functioning and interaction, and school functioning. Potentially, this will improve children's quality of life and prevent future diseases.

Differences in Physical Activity Levels between Healthy and Transplanted Children: Who Needs More Tips?

Advances in the medical-surgical field have significantly increased the life expectancy of patients undergoing solid organ transplantation but this exposes patients to long-term complications due to chronic therapies and changes in lifestyle. It is known that children affected by pathology tend to be more sedentary and inactivity represents a further risk factor for the onset of non-communicable diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare the lifestyle of two groups of young patients: one group of healthy subjects (HG) and one group of kidney or liver transplant recipients (TG). Patients were asked to complete Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). A total of 104 subjects were recruited (50.9% male, mean age 12.8 ± 3.16 years old). No significant differences were observed in the final score between groups when comparing subjects based on health condition (Healthy 2.69 ± 0.65 vs. Transplant Group 2.42 ± 0.88), the intensity of sports activities (Competitive 2.82 ± 0.59 vs. Not Competitive 2.53 ± 0.7) or type of transplant (Liver 2.51 ± 0.91 vs. Kidney 2.16 ± 0.75). The results of this study showed a worrying reality: children are engaged in low levels of physical activity regardless of their health status and in general the level of activity does not reach the recommended values even in the absence of contraindications. So, it is necessary to encourage healthy children to practice more PA and to introduce PA prescriptions for transplanted children to prevent their health from deteriorating due to sedentariness.

Relationship between Type and Intensity of Sports Activities and the Prevalence of Overweight in Serbian School Children

This study aimed to explore the relationship between different forms and intensities of sports activities and the prevalence of overweight in primary school children. Using International Obesity Task Force BMI criteria, we have identified body weight status in a group of 2893 children aged 9–15 years participating in 27 different sports and within a group of 4987 non-active children of the same age. We have compared the prevalence of overweight and obesity between these groups, as well as between genders and different forms and intensities of sports, within the group of active children. We have found lower prevalence of overweight (Χ2 = 41.689, DF = 1, p &lt; 0.001), as well as prevalence of obesity (Χ2 = 175.184, DF = 1, p &lt; 0.001) in physically active children compared with their non-active counterparts, as expected. Overweight (including obesity) had the highest prevalence in mixed sports of the Classification of Sports of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, in boys (p = 0.003), as well as in girls (p = 0.043). A lower prevalence of overweight was noted in boys (p = 0.001), as well as in girls (p = 0.025) with more than 7 years of training. Regarding the number of hours of training per week, a lower prevalence of overweight was noted only in girls with 4 and more hours of training per week (p = 0.025). Concerning intensity, we have found a significant drop in the prevalence of overweight in children with sports activities whose intensity is more than 60 MET-hours per week. We conclude that a significant relationship between sports and the prevalence of overweight is found in children with more than 60 MET-hours of sports activities per week, as well as among children involved in mixed sports, and after more than 7 years spent in regular sports training.

Study on the Causes and Medical Recovery of Common Sports Injuries in School Physical Training

Objectives: In recent years, the status of sports in teaching activities has been continuously improved, and various schools have also increased the intensity of sports activities. In order to avoid sports injuries, enhance students’ physical fitness, and improve the quality of physical education and training, it is necessary to strengthen the responsibility of physical education teachers. Heart, improve their professional knowledge and skills, in-depth understanding of the characteristics of sports injuries, find out the cause of injury, strengthen prevention awareness, master how to treat in time, in order to improve the classroom effectiveness of physical education classes, to achieve better teaching and training results. Methods: After the injury occurs, the teacher should deal with it in time and further treat it afterwards, so as to alleviate the pain of the injured athletes and prevent complications. Results: It is a very serious problem that students are often injured in sports meeting, because injuries not only delay their participation in physical exercise, but also affect their normal study and life. Conclusion: Understanding the causes, occurrence rules, preventive measures and timely treatment of sports injuries can not only effectively achieve treatment and prevention, but also provide a basis for scientific participation in physical exercise or sports training.

Correlation of exercise style to mental health and social adaptability of college students.

Talents are the basis of all development and comprehensive strength of a country. As college students who are about to contact the society, their mental health and social adaptability are the most critical factors for their entry into society. Therefore, this study explores the correlation of exercise style to mental health and social adaptability of college students. Based on the sample processing of college students in 4 universities in a city, 1,000 students are selected for research on the correlation of exercise style to mental health and social adaptability. In addition, the impacts of college students participating in sports activities on their mental health and social adaptability are analyzed. When the duration of a single sports activity is 30-60 min, the mental health of students reaches optimal. On the contrary, when the duration of a single sports activity exceeds 90 min, the mental health of students is low. This indicates that the more students participate in sports activities, the stronger the social adaptability is. When the intensity of sports activities for students is moderate, the average scores of interpersonal communication ability of students are the highest. When the duration of a single sports activity is 60-90 min, the average scores of living adaptability of students are the highest. If students keep the appropriate duration and intensity of sports activities, their social adaptability will be improved notably. The social adaptability of students is related to the number of times they participate in sports activities, the duration of a single sports activity, and the intensity of sports activities. However, while exercising, students should plan the duration of sports activities to avoid excessively prolonged exercise time. In addition, students should beware their exercise intensity of sports activities. The optimal choice of exercise intensity is moderate or slightly tired.

Sports Activity Following Cementless Metaphyseal Hip Joint Arthroplasty.

An adequate level of physical activity has a substantial effect on both mental and physical human health. Physical activity is largely dependent on the function of the musculoskeletal and articular system. One of the most frequent diseases of this system is degenerative joint disease. Due to the changing and more demanding lifestyles and patients’ willingness to be involved in sports activity, the expectations of hip joint arthroplasty are becoming increasingly high. Alleviating pain ceases to be the only reason for which patients choose surgical interventions, while the expectations often include involvement in various sports. Only few studies contain recommendations concerning the frequency, type and intensity of sports activity which are acceptable after hip joint arthroplasty. The aim of the study was to evaluate function and physical activity of people following cementless short-stem hip joint arthroplasty in the observation of at least five years. The study group comprised 106 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty due to degenerative joint diseases, chosen according to inclusion criteria. Patients underwent routine physical examinations following the Harris Hip Score protocol, responded to the UCLA scale and questionnaires concerning pre-surgical and current physical activity. Our results demonstrated that hip joint arthroplasty in people suffering from degenerative joint diseases has a beneficial effect on their level of functioning and physical activity. Although physical activity and the level of functioning obviously reduced as a person aged, the level of physical activity continued to be very high in both groups, with function of the hip joint evaluated as very good.

Blood lipids in athletes depending on the orientation of the training process

Sports form the metabolic response caused by the body’s adaptation to increased physical stress, which leads to the restructuring of metabolism for energy and plastic maintenance of sport activities. The restructuring of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is caused primarily by the increasing energy request body, depending on type and intensity of sports activity. In this research blood serum lipids were studied depending on the orientation of the training process. A total of 108 athletes (men and women) aged 15 to 20 years of different sports qualification (I sports category, Candidate Master of Sports and Master of Sports) were examined, and a control group of 28 persons of the same age and gender. Depending of the direction of the training process there were isolated 3 groups: cyclical sport that develops mainly endurance (academic rowing); sports of complex nature (football, volleyball, handball and Nordic combined); and complex coordinated sports (artistic gymnastics). Were studied: total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic coefficient and triglycerides. The study was conducted in the preparatory period of the training cycle. The research had shown that the level of blood lipids depends on the orientation of training process and sports training. The most marked reduction of total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins has been observed both in men and women in cyclic kinds of sports, developing mainly stamina that indicates that intense exercise in athletes who train primarily for endurance, cause the connection of lipids to the processes of energy supply of muscle activity.

Data Processing for Correlation Analysis between Extracurricular Sports Activities and Mental Health in Rural Middle School Students

In order to explore the relation between mental health status and extracurricular sports activities, using data processing method to analyze 657 middle school students in rural middle school in Sichuan participated in this survey. They were selected using cluster sampling. The results indicated (a)there were significantly insufficient in extracurricular sports activities in days each week,duration each session and exercise intensity rural middle schools students,(b)there was some extent mental health deficit in rural middle school student, and (c) the mental health has significant correlation with days of sports activities each week ,duration each session and the intensity of sports activities.

중학생의 스포츠 활동 참가가 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

이 연구는 중학생의 스포츠 활동 참가가 자아존중감에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 스포츠 참가 빈도, 기간, 강도로 가정하고 이 요인들이 각각 자아존중감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구는 2008년 현재 D시 지역에 소재하고 있는 중학교 재학생을 모집단으로 선정한 후, 유층집락무선표집법을 이용하여 420명의 표본을 추출, 최종 395명의 표본을 사용하였다. 사용된 조사도구는 설문지였으며, 통계 분석 방법은 빈도분석, 요인분석, 변량분석이였다. 이와 같은 연구방법 및 절차를 통하여 도출된 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 중학생의 스포츠 참가 빈도는 자아존중감에 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 중학생의 스포츠 참가 기간은 자아존중감에 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 중학생의 스포츠 참가 강도는 자아존중감에 영향을 미친다. The goal of this research is to examine the influence degree of participant of sports on self-esteem of middle school students. By stratified cluster random sampling method 420, middle school student living in D city joined the survey; it was used to derive the result of this research. Among them, 25 results were excepted by the lack of reliability or un-enough answer rate, so 395 results were used for the research. To analyze collected data, used statistical technique statistical analysis technique frequency, factor analysis, t-test and ANOVA. Through such method of study and formality, this study deduced following result. First, self-esteem of middle school students shows change by the frequency of sports activity. Second, self-esteem of middle school students shows change by the interval of sports activity. Third, self-esteem of middle school students shows change by the intensity of sports activity.

Prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness without exercise testing in low back pain patients

Cardiorrespiratory fitness is a capacity to perform, through body adaptations and responses, dynamic activities of moderate to high intensity using large muscle groups, during long time. It determines an important part of possibilities to perform activities of daily living and is closely related with health and quality of life. The measurement of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as a parameter of this fitness is useful for educating about the physical conditioning and in prescription and control of fitness programs in sick and healthy subjects.The aim of the study was to develop a regression equation to predict VO2max based on non‐exercise data in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). All patients (N=70) achieved a maximal graded exercise test with measured VO2max (30.8 ml.kg−1.min−1 +/− 7.7). The regression model included as non‐exercise data, the patient's sex, body mass index (BMI) and intensity of sports activities (IPAS). Multiple linear regression generated the following formula (R2 = 38.3, SEE = 6.08 ml.kg−1.min−1): VO2max (ml.kg−1.min−1) = 35.337 − 0.475 * BMI + 0.155 * IPAS + 7.976 * sex (women = 0 and men =1)The Durbin Watson statistic demonstrated inexistence of problems with serial autocorrelation (D–W = 1.86). The K–S normality test demonstrated that the errors are distributed normally. This study provides a relatively precise non‐exercise regression model to predict VO2max in CLBP patients.

The reiterative accuracy of gait determined by simplified gait analysis

Dynamic perception is the perception of the relation of moving body parts to each other. To examine dynamic perception, the reiterative accuracy of well-known movements - for example, gait - is analysed. Simplified gait analysis can be obtained for 50 cycles of gait in this research. The high number of gait cycles analysed provides an opportunity to calculate the average and standard deviation of different temporal (duration of stance phase, swing phase, double support phase) and spatial parameters (step length, stride length, cadence) of each subject investigated. 45 healthy, young subjects, 11 professional hand ball players, 24 patients after medial meniscectomy, 20 elderly, healthy subjects, and 20 patients with hip osteoarthritis are investigated. The average, standard deviation and normalized deviation of parameters of each person are calculated. The normalized deviation of parameters enables modelling of dynamic perception, because it is independent from the value of parameters due to normalization. O ur tests show that the size of the parameter is independent from lateral dominance at healthy subjects. The size of the normalized deviation of parameters depends on age, on the intensity of sports activities, and on orthopaedical diseases.

Degenerative joint disease on MRI and physical activity: a clinical study of the knee joint in 320 patients.

We examined 320 patients with MRI and arthroscopy after an acute trauma to evaluate MRI in diagnosis of degenerative joint disease of the knee in relation to sports activity and clinical data. Lesions of cartilage and menisci on MRI were registered by two radiologists in consensus without knowledge of arthroscopy. Arthroscopy demonstrated grade-1 to grade-4 lesions of cartilage on 729 of 1920 joint surfaces of 320 knees, and MRI diagnosed 14% of grade-1, 32% of grade-2, 94% of grade-3, and 100% of grade-4 lesions. Arthroscopy explored 1280 meniscal areas and showed degenerations in 10%, tears in 11.4%, and complex lesions in 9.2%. Magnetic resonance imaging was in agreement with arthroscopy in 81% showing more degenerations but less tears of menisci than arthroscopy. Using a global system for grading the total damage of the knee joint into none, mild, moderate, or severe changes, agreement between arthroscopy and MRI was found in 82%. Magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy showed coherently that degree of degenerative joint changes was significantly correlated to patient age or previous knee trauma. Patients over 40 years had moderate to severe changes on MRI in 45% and patients under 30 years in only 22%. Knee joints with a history of trauma without complete structural or functional reconstitution showed marked changes on MRI in 57%, whereas stable joints without such alterations had degenerative changes in only 26%. There was no correlation of degenerative disease to gender, weight, type, frequency, and intensity of sports activity. Therefore, MRI is an effective non-invasive imaging method for exact localization and quantification of chronic joint changes of cartilage and menisci that recommends MRI for monitoring in sports medicine.

Habitual physical activity, strenuous exercise, and salivary immunoglobulin A levels in young adults: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study.

Secretory IgA (S-IgA) levels in stimulated salvia were measured before and after a maximal treadmill test in a population of 175 young adults (84 men, 91 women). Habitual physical activity levels of this population were measured by a standardized interview, and scores were obtained for the amount of time and intensity of sports activities and total activity. Before the maximal treadmill test, men and women showed no statistically significant differences in the salivary concentrations of S-IgA, but the concentration of S-IgA in women decreased and in men increased statistically significantly (P less than 0.05) after the treadmill test. Only women showed a significant correlation between absolute values of S-IgA and the weekly amount of time spent on sports activity measured by a standardized interview expressed in minutes per week.