Intensity Of Emotional Experience Research Articles

Coherence between subjective experience and physiology in emotion: Individual differences and implications for well-being.

Emotion theorists have characterized emotions as involving coherent responding across various emotion response systems (e.g., covariation of subjective experience and physiology). Greater response system coherence has been theorized to promote well-being, yet very little research has tested this assumption. The current study examined whether individuals with greater coherence between physiology and subjective experience of emotion report greater well-being. We also examined factors that may predict the magnitude of coherence, such as emotion intensity, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression. Participants (N = 63) completed self-report measures of well-being, expressive suppression, and cognitive reappraisal. They then watched a series of emotionally evocative film clips designed to elicit positive and negative emotion. During the films, participants continuously rated their emotional experience using a rating dial, and their autonomic physiological responses were recorded. Time-lagged cross-correlations were used to calculate within-participant coherence between intensity of emotional experience (ranging from neutral to very negative or very positive) and physiology (composite of cardiac interbeat interval, skin conductance, ear pulse transit time, finger pulse transit time and amplitude, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Results indicated that individuals with greater coherence reported greater well-being. Coherence was highest during the most emotionally intense film and among individuals who reported lower expressive suppression. However, coherence was not associated with reappraisal. These findings provide support for the idea that greater emotion coherence promotes well-being and also shed light on factors that are associated with the magnitude of coherence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

I Read, I Imagine, I Feel: Feasibility, Imaginability and Intensity of Emotional Experience as Fundamental Dimensions for Norming Scripts

Emotional imagery procedures can be used as beneficial means for study of a variety of issues (e.g., emotion, episodic memory, imagination, consciousness, attitudes, social domain, and so on) from an ecological perspective. Emotional imagery is also a worthy subject of research by itself. There are several procedures to encourage participants to generate, manipulate and maintain emotional imagery during lab experiments. Script-driven imagery is the most developed and widespread procedure. However, there are no uniform norms for creating and validating emotional scripts and neutral ones as well. In addition, there is no unanimity about the important dimensions of the scripts and how they can affect the experimental procedures. In the current paper, we present a 3-step process for creating and validating emotional and neutral 9-word scripts that can be used in a wide range of procedures. We discuss the various relevant scripts’ dimensions and present findings that suggest considering the feasibility dimension as a basis for distinguishing between positive and negative events. While for positive events, as expected, participants rated realistic themes as highly feasible, and fantastic themes as low in feasibility, for negative events such a distinction almost vanished. In other words, we do not just tend to expect good things in the future (optimism bias), but also reject odds of negative events even though we are aware of their high prevalence ("it won't happen to me").

Different Aspects of Emotional Awareness in Relation to Motor Cognition and Autism Traits

Emotion is inherently embodied, formulated through bodily sensation, as well as expressed and regulated through action. Both expressing one’s own emotions and understanding the emotional actions of others are common areas of difficulty in autism. Moreover, reduced emotional awareness is also thought to be problematic in autism, and such difficulties may be mediated by impaired motor cognition. We aimed to examine how intensity of emotional experience and ability to differentiate between one’s own emotions relates to motor empathy and autistic traits. We hypothesized that greater motor cognition would be associated with greater emotional intensity and more refined emotion differentiation. Participants from the general population (N = 160) completed the Actions and Feelings Questionnaire (AFQ), a self-report measure assessing motor cognition, alongside the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire and an emotion elicitation task. Motor cognition was significantly associated with more intense emotional experiences but not with ability to differentiate between similar emotions. Autistic traits, particularly social aloofness, predicted less emotion differentiation and lower scores on the animation subscale of the AFQ. We suggest that whereas as intensity of experience may be dependent on sensorimotor representation of emotions, differentiation requires additional cognitive functions such as language understanding. A dissociation between awareness of intensity and differentiation may be critical for understanding emotional difficulties in autism.

THE USE OF "ABC-MODEL" FOR FORMING A VALUE COMPOSITION OF COGNITIVE COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY OF A SOCIAL PEDAGOGUE WORKING IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION SYSTEM

The article deals with the peculiarities of using to influence the value component of the professional identity of teachers working in inclusive education system. Change in cognitive assessments that the teacher gives to a complex situation leads to a decrease in the intensity of emotional experience. The article reveals the peculiarities of the professional activity of the social pedagogue who may cause difficulties in the regulation of unpleasant emotional states. The peculiarities of the use of the ABC-model for the influence on the value component of the cognitive part of the professional identity of the social pedagogue working in the system of inclusive education are explained; the essence of the professional identity of social educators is highlighted; the approaches of different scholars to understanding the value system and the peculiarities of its changes in the context of the professional activities of the social teacher. The characteristic of the ABC model in the interpretation of integrative cognitive behavioral therapy is proposed: sensations and emotions are the result of evaluations that are the product of the deep beliefs and values of a personal values system. The features of the use of the ABC-model for working with the value component are outlined. The scheme of work on changing irrational beliefs with the help of the Socratic Dialogue method is described, which consists in using different types of questions to ascertain the logic of the person's prevailing beliefs. The scheme of work with the value component of the cognitive component of the professional identity of a social teacher is described on the example of the use of the ABC model. It is substantiated how it is possible to approach the change of irrational interpretations and causes of the appearance of unpleasant emotional states on the example of analysis of life situations from social and psychological practice. Conclusions are made on the factors influencing the social teacher who works in the system of inclusive education and associated with the emergence of unpleasant emotional states. Integrative cognitive-behavioral therapy offers a number of techniques for successful work with such problems and one of the most effective is the ABC model. It is shown how the technique allows to influence the system of values of the social teacher related to the causal concepts of the formation and manifestation of emotions, which is an important component of the cognitive part of the professional identity and influences the effectiveness of the manifestation of professional identity in emotionally difficult situations. Using these psychological techniques, the teacher can form new rational beliefs and improve his level of adaptation to complex professional situations. Further research of the topic may be related to the identification of factors that stimulate or slow down the development of new beliefs in the cognitive component of professional identity.

Способы указания на интенсивность эмоционального переживания в житийных текстах синодального периода

Способы указания на интенсивность эмоционального переживания в житийных текстах синодального периода

Религиозно-нравственный идеал в современных агиографических текстах: лингвистическая характеристика

The author considers the hagiographic texts related to the modern period of the Russian hagiography development. The source of the language material was the hagiographies of new martyrs Nikolay Popov and Iakov Gorokhov. The analysis of scientific literature on the research topic is carried out. The article deals with the controversial issues related to the identification of conceptual content and correlation of the terms ideal , moral ideal , religious and moral ideal , as well as hagiography , biography , materials for biography . The author focuses on the semantics and functioning of the vocabulary of emotions in these texts. The constant features of the use of emotive lexemes observed in the considered hagiographic texts of studied and also earlier periods (ancient Russian, old Russian, Synodal) and peculiar to the Russian hagiographic tradition as a whole are established: 1) the significance of the qualitative characteristics of emotional experience (positive / negative / neutral), 2) the presence of particularly frequent lexemes that determine the general emotional background of hagiographic text, 3) the relevance of the high intensity of emotional experience, 4) the implementation of the characterological function by emotive lexemes. The features of realization of linguistic means for creation of the image of the ascetic as a religious and moral ideal, peculiar to modern hagiographic texts and allowing to speak about their variation in accordance with the author’s intention, are revealed.

An Investigation into the Nature of Emotional Dysregulation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Dysregulation of the emotional domain is considered the core disorder in borderline personality disorder (BPD), and a greater intensity of emotional reaction is seen as central to this dysregulation. Empirical data has shown that people with BPD experience negative emotions more intensely than controls, however there is currently little support for the concept of dysregulation across the range of emotional experience. In this study the emotional intensity of negative and positive emotion was compared between a BPD sample (n=24) and non-clinical control group (n=24). Participants completed self-report questionnaires to assess general intensity of emotional experience and rated their reactions to emotionally salient visual stimuli. The results indicated a higher intensity of emotional experience in the BPD sample; however this effect was no longer significant when anxiety was controlled for. Self-reported anxiety about overwhelming emotional reactions was significantly higher in the BPD sample and this difference remained when a measure of current anxiety was controlled for. There was no difference between groups in the rating of visual stimuli for both negative and positive salience. The implications of the results are discussed with reference to the wider literature.

Neural correlates of effective and ineffective mood induction

Emotional reactivity and the ability to modulate an emotional state, which are important factors for psychological well-being, are often dysregulated in psychiatric disorders. Neural correlates of emotional states have mostly been studied at the group level, thereby neglecting individual differences in the intensity of emotional experience. This study investigates the relationship between brain activity and interindividual variation in subjective affect ratings. A standardized mood induction (MI) procedure, using positive facial expression and autobiographical memories, was applied to 54 healthy participants (28 female), who rated their subjective affective state before and after the MI. We performed a regression analysis with brain activation during MI and changes in subjective affect ratings. An increase in positive affective ratings correlated with activity in the amygdala, hippocampus and the fusiform gyrus (FFG), whereas reduced positive affect correlated with activity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. Activations in the amygdala, hippocampus and FFG are possibly linked to strategies adopted by the participants to achieve mood changes. Subgenual cingulate cortex activation has been previously shown to relate to rumination. This finding is in line with previous observations of the subgenual cingulate's role in emotion regulation and its clinical relevance to therapy and prognosis of mood disorders.

Examining the effect of spinal cord injury on emotional awareness, expressivity and memory for emotional material

The prevailing view on the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on emotion is that it dampens emotional experience due to a loss of peripheral bodily feedback, with the higher the lesion on the spinal cord the greater the reduction in the intensity of emotional experience. This view persists despite many studies showing an absence of such an emotional impairment in people with SCI. This study specifically aimed to investigate whether total cervical-6 spinal cord transection (i) reduces emotional expressivity and emotional awareness (ii) impairs memory for emotional material. The study contained three groups: 24 patients with SCI, 20 orthopaedic injury control (OIC) patients and 20 young adult controls. A mixed factor design was employed to examine between group and within subject differences. Participants completed the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS), the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ), and viewed an emotionally arousing slide presentation. Thirty minutes post viewing, participants completed memory tests for the presentation. SCI patients reported greater present levels of emotional expressivity compared with perceived levels prior to their injuries. SCI and OIC groups did not differ on any of the emotional awareness variables. There was also no evidence that SCI leads to impairment in memory for emotional events. This study's findings contradict the mainstream view in the cognitive neuroscience of emotion that SCI dampens emotional experience.

Interoceptive sensitivity and emotion processing: An EEG study

Theories of emotion consider the self-perception of visceral activity to play an important role in emotion. This study examined the relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and both the subjective emotional experience and the processing of emotional pictures. According to their results in a heartbeat detection task subjects were classified as good ( N = 17) or poor ( N = 20) heartbeat perceivers. Event-related potentials were recorded while subjects viewed pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures and SAM ratings were examined. Good heartbeat perceivers showed significantly greater P300 and slow wave amplitudes for emotional pictures at antero-inferior, medial and posterior electrode sites and experienced a greater arousal for emotional pictures compared to poor heartbeat perceivers. The heartbeat perception score correlated significantly positive both with emotional P300 and slow wave amplitudes as well as with the arousal ratings for emotional pictures. The results indicate that there is a significant and strong association between interoceptive sensitivity and the intensity of emotional experience as well as the central processing of emotional stimuli.

Dissociation of affect recognition and mood state from blunting in patients with schizophrenia

The present study was designed to investigate the relationships between expression, perception, and experience of emotion in schizophrenic patients with and without affective blunting. Cognitive processing speed, emotional perception, and emotional experience were assessed in 25 schizophrenic patients grouped according to scores on a measure of overt emotional expression (Rating Scale for Emotional Blunting). Results showed dissociation of emotional expression from emotional perception and emotional experience. Blunted schizophrenic patients were no more impaired in the perception of emotion (Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity) than non-blunted schizophrenic patients. In addition, groups did not differ in intensity of emotional experience as quantified on the self-report of arousal state (Positive and Negative Affect Scales). Accuracy of perception and reported experience of emotion did not differ between groups as a function of emotional valence. Cognitive processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SDMT) was related to blunting score and to perception accuracy, although the SDMT did not differ between groups. Results are discussed in terms of a neuropathological basis for impairment of emotional expression.

Affective Intensity and Emotional Responses

The AIM, a questionnaire intended to measure affective intensity has, to date, only been related to differences in self-reported intensity of emotional experience (Larsen & Diener, 1987). We investigated whether it is also related to the intensity of facial expressions of emotion shown by subjects after having been startled. Although the AIM was related to some self-report measures of emotion, the AIM was not related to post-startle facial expressions of emotion.

Anger proneness in women: Development and validation of the anger situation questionnaire

In the present series of studies existing hostility and anger trait questionnaires were examined. We found them to be unsuitable for our subjects and purpose, A new questionnaire based on novel principles, the Anger Situation Questionnaire (ASQ), was developed to measure anger proneness in women. The ASQ consists of 33 vignettes or scenarios, Each vignette has three dimensions: emotional experience, intensity of emotional experience, and action readiness mode. The ASQ was administered to 146 female students. Out of this sample two extreme groups were selected of 30 subjects each: one group scoring low on self-reported anger and angry readiness, the other group scoring high on both aspects. An anger-induction paradigm was developed consisting of essentially three elements: a physically aversive situation, the performance of some frustrative tasks, as well as an unpleasantly acting female experimenter. The ASQ was validated in this paradigm: subjects scoring high on the ASQ became more angry due to these manipulations; moreover, in most of the subjects at one moment or another a state of anger was induced. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.

Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience: A social role interpretation.

Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience: A social role interpretation.

Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience: a social role interpretation.

According to gender role theory, women's greater emotional intensity than men's stems from normative expectations for sex differences that arise as a result of men's and women's social roles. In the 1st experiment, endorsement of normative expectations for sex differences was associated with sex differences in Ss' own emotions: To the extent that they endorsed stereotypical differences between men and women, female Ss reported personally experiencing emotions of greater intensity and male Ss reported experiencing emotions of lesser intensity. The 2nd study manipulated expectations for responsiveness while Ss viewed a series of emotion-inducing slides. When instructions rendered normative expectations comparable for men and women, no sex differences were obtained in emotion self-reports. Furthermore, women evidenced more extreme electromyograph physiological responding than men, suggesting general sex differences in emotion that are not limited to self-report.

Perception of Emotions in Borderline Hypertensive Patients and Normal Subjects

The ability to recognize the facial expressions of emotions was investigated in 30 borderline hypertensive patients, 16 with high intralymphocytic sodium content (ILSC) and 14 with normal ILSC, and in 34 normotensive matched controls. To this aim, 48 slides with the facial expressions of emotions and with neutral expressions were shown to the subjects by means of a tachistoscope. Two brief questionnaires, the Affective Communication Test and the Dimensions Rating Scale, were used to assess the ability to express emotions and the intensity of emotional experience in the subjects. Results show in borderline hypertensives a difficulty in recognizing emotions, with differences between the two subgroups of patients.

The effects of spinal injury on the intensity of emotional experience.

Twenty-nine subjects with spinal lesions were asked whether the intensity of their experience of eight common emotions had decreased, increased or stayed the same since injury. Analysis of their responses produced no evidence of a decline in affective tone following spinal injury.