Electric Current Intensity Research Articles

Effect of external force on the dispersion of particles and permeability of substances via carbon nanotubes in reverse electrodialysis using molecular dynamics simulation

BackgroundUsing novel technologies and solutions is crucial for producing clean water. There are different ways to remove dissolved salts from water. MethodsThis study aimed to analyze the effect of an external force (EF) on the morphology of channels, the dispersion of particles, and the permeability of substances via carbon nanotubes in reverse electrodialysis. It was done using a computer simulation that studied the movement of molecules. This research aimed to study the effect of EF on the dispersion of particles and permeability of substances via carbon nanotubes using a reverse electrodialysis approach. The results show that increasing the EF from 0.0001 to 0.0005 eV/Å increased the electric current and fluid flow intensity from 5.31 e/ns and 211.31 atom/ns to 5.62 e/ns and 263.01 atom/ns. Moreover, the density decreased from 4.83 to 4.66 atom/nm3. Furthermore, the number of broken hydrogen bonds increased from 116 to 166. Significant findingsBy understanding the effect of EF on particle movement and material passage through carbon nanotubes, researchers can optimize the design of reverse electrodialysis systems to enhance their performance. This can lead to more effective and cost-efficient water treatment solutions, crucial for producing clean water.

Highly Efficient Degradation of 2-Methylisoborneol by Laccase Assisted by a Micro-Electric Field

Taste and odor (T&O) compounds have emerged as crucial parameters for assessing water quality. Therefore, identifying effective methodologies for the removal of these compounds is imperative. In this study, an effective approach utilizing laccase assisted by a micro-electric field was developed for the degradation of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). For this purpose, the optimal conditions for the laccase-catalyzed degradation of 2-MIB were determined, and they were pH 4.0, 25 °C, 150 rpm, 0.1 U/mL of laccase, and 200 ng/L of 2-MIB. Under these specified conditions, the degradation efficiency of 2-MIB was approximately 78% after a 4 h reaction period. Subsequently, the introduction of an electric field yielded a synergistic effect with the enzyme for 2-MIB degradation. At an electric current intensity of 0.04 A over a 4 h duration, the degradation efficiency increased to 90.78%. An analysis using SPME-GC/MS provided information on the degradation intermediates of 2-MIB resulting from laccase-catalyzed degradation, electrocatalytic degradation, and micro-electric-assisted laccase degradation. The potential degradation pathways of 2-MIB illustrated that these three methods result in common degradation products, such as capric aldehyde, nonylaldehyde, and 2-ethylhexanol, and their final products include 3-pentanone, acetone, and 2-butanone. This study provides an enzyme–electrochemical method for the efficient and rapid degradation and removal of 2-MIB. The strategy of laccase catalysis assisted by a micro-electric field has good potential for the removal of pollutants from the natural environment.

Harmonic power flow under non-sinusoidal conditions

This article aims to analyze the electric field and the flow of electromagnetic energy in power cables with copper and aluminum cores, without considering the implicit physics of the coating that surrounds the conductor, which is generally composed of XLPE. Computational simulations were carried out with two models of alternating electrical current (AC) intensities, with a frequency of 60 HZ, electrical voltage of 1 kV, in a transient regime, with a phase difference of 120° and considering the lengths of the cables at a value of L = 30 m. Applying a Fourier series expansion to a sinusoidal electric current and expanding to the third term of the series, resulting in a new formulation of the electric current that was called modified electric current. The peculiarity of this research lies in the fact that, through the Fourier series expansion of conventional alternating current, a transformation to a modified current was observed, presenting behavior analogous to that of a Rectifying Diode. The improvements provided by this method include increased efficiency in the transmission of electrical energy, reduction of voltage drops, reduction of losses associated with the Joule-Lenz effect and extension of the useful life of the cable. The results demonstrated that, by modifying the electric current, the electric fields and Poynting vectors were calculated and approached the solutions of Maxwell's equation for conventional electric current, in both types of power cables. In addition, this approach has been observed to be particularly effective for power cables with a length of 30 m, and using the modified current in Maxwell's equations to compare the electric and Poynting fields with those calculated using conventional electric current. Therefore, the results obtained are satisfactory for both power cables.

Mapping electro-vortex flow patterns from tornado to inverted tornado in a hemispherical container

This study aims to investigate the intricate interaction between fluid flow and magnetic fields, known as magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena, within a hemispherical container filled with conducting gallium–indium–tin (Ga-In-Sn) liquid. The primary objective is to explain the influence of the external magnetic field and electric current intensities on the flow structure. Novel insights into the emergence of Lorentz forces that drive the flow dynamics are pursued by varying these parameters. The motivation for this investigation is rooted in the desire to deepen our understanding and uncover new insights into magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena within a specific experimental setup. Specifically, we aim to understand how swirl velocity is generated and altered by fluctuations in magnetic field strength and electric current intensity within the system. Our investigation reveals a transformation in the flow pattern in a hemispherical pool as the magnetic field strength increases while maintaining a constant electric current intensity. Sequential transformations from a rope tornado to a tornado, cyclone, and finally an inverted tornado are observed, shedding light on the complex behavior of the system. On the other hand, under fixed external magnetic field conditions, it is observed that, as the electric current intensifies, the flow pattern evolves from a tornado to a rope tornado or from a cyclone to a tornado. Furthermore, once the electric current intensity exceeds a specific threshold, the flow pattern remains unchanged, providing valuable insights for process optimization and control. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of MHD phenomena and offers practical implications for optimizing processes such as electroslag remelting (ESR) and vacuum arc remelting (VAR) that involve a similar hemispherical pool of conductive liquid. The simulation results are validated against experimental measurements, ensuring the reliability and accuracy of our findings.

Simulation study of the electrothermal field in a chloride electrolysis cell with 16 electrode pairs

AbstractThe spatial distribution of the electrothermal field within molten salt electrolytic cells significantly influences the efficiency of the electrolysis process, the quality of the end products, and the overall stability of the system. Enhancing the design of chloride electrolysis cells can lead to marked improvements in both process efficiency and system stability, thereby yielding increased economic benefits. This study introduces a design for a chloride electrolysis cell and examines the thermal budget under elevated electrical current intensities across 16 electrode pairs. It further analyzes the degree to which various parameters affect thermal equilibrium. The findings indicate that the electrolytic cell maintains a small thermal budget discrepancy at a current intensity of 124 kA and is less than 5%, with substantial heat dissipation observed at the surface of the top area of anode exposure and considerable energy consumption at both the anode and the electrolyte. Dimensionless treatment of the different parameterized simulation results has been conducted to develop a nondimensional equation, describing the thermal equilibrium conditions within the electrolytic cell. This foundational work paves the way for further investigations into the interactions between the electrothermal field and other physical fields, as well as for the optimization of the electrolytic cell's geometry and design.

Adaptive Fuzzy Output Feedback Fault-Tolerant Control for Active Suspension Systems

In this paper, a novel adaptive fuzzy output feedback fault-tolerant control (FTC) method is proposed for active suspension systems. The quarter active suspension systems studied in this paper contains electromagnetic actuator faults and unavailable state variables, such as the velocity of active suspensions and the electric current intensity of electromagnetic actuators. First, the complex spring nonlinear dynamics are approximated by fuzzy logic systems (FLSs), and the unmeasurable states are estimated by a fuzzy state observer. Based on an adaptive backstepping technique along with specific Lyapunov functions, a novel adaptive fuzzy output feedback FTC design is presented. To eliminate the need for knowing efficiency indexes, a fault compensation strategy is also developed by utilizing parameter estimation technique. In the presence of electromagnetic actuator failure, all vertical vibration states of the active suspension system remain stabilized. Eventually, the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm is evaluated through random road surface and bump road surface tests.

The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Previous studies have investigated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive functions. However, these studies reported inconsistent results due to differences in experiment design, measurements, and stimulation parameters. Nonetheless, there is a lack of meta-analyses and review studies on tDCS and its impact on cognitive functions, including working memory, inhibition, flexibility, and theory of mind. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of tDCS studies published from the earliest available data up to October 2021, including studies reporting the effects of tDCS on cognitive functionsin human populations. Therefore, these systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively analyze the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS on cognitive functions by investigating 69 articles with a total of 5545 participants. Our study reveals significant anodal tDCS effects on various cognitive functions. Specifically, we observed improvements in working memory reaction time (RT), inhibition RT, flexibility RT, theory of mind RT, working memory accuracy, theory of mind accuracyand flexibility accuracy. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate noteworthy cathodal tDCS effects, enhancing working memory accuracy, inhibition accuracy, flexibility RT, flexibility accuracy, theory of mind RT, and theory of mind accuracy. Notably, regarding the influence of stimulation parameters of tDCS on cognitive functions, the results indicated significant differences across various aspects, including the timing of stimulation (online vs. offline studies), population type (clinical vs. healthy studies), stimulation duration (< 15 min vs. > 15 min), electrical current intensities (1-1.5 m.A vs. > 1.5 m.A), stimulation sites (right frontal vs. left frontal studies), age groups (young vs. older studies), and different cognitive tasks in each cognitive functioning aspect. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that tDCS can effectively enhance cognitive task performance, offering valuable insights into the potential benefits of this method for cognitive improvement.

Modeling Strategies Based on Multiple Neural Network Systems Applied for a Monopolar and Bipolar Electrocoagulation

The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of an electrocoagulation system using iron and aluminum electrodes, arranged in both monopolar and bipolar arrangements, for the removal of acid red 18 dye. Experimental and modeling approaches were employed to investigate the system’s performance. The effects of operating parameters: including initial pH (3–9), current density (0.4–5.6 mA cm−2), charge passed (2.16–21.6 C cm−2), and initial dye concentration (50–300 mg l−1) were studied. The results demonstrated that an increase in electric current intensity and passed charge enhanced the removal of COD and dye. However, to minimize energy consumption, these parameters were optimized for different dye concentrations. The monopolar arrangement exhibited favorable performance for the both electrodes, primarily due to reduced ohmic drop effect, although the iron electrode generated sludge with better settling characteristics. The monopolar iron electrode consumed the least energy (38.3 kWh kg−1 COD). Experimental evaluation was conducted to assess the influence of key electrolysis process parameters on dye and COD removal. Additionally, neural network models, employing radial basis function and multilayer perceptron approaches, were utilized to predict system outputs based on initial characteristics (COD and dye) and operation conditions. The neural network models provided accurate predictions, offering practical insights for experimental applications.

State primary standard of units for electric current intensity conversion coeffi cients GET 152-2023

The metrological support of measuring current converters as the main elements intended for measuring a large electric current is considered. Brief historical information about the creation of the State primary standard of units for electric current intensity conversion coeffi cients is given. The composition and metrological characteristics of the State primary standard of units for electric current intensity conversion coeffi cients GET 152-2023 are presented. The equations of measurements and the results of the studies of two standard measuring installations created as part of the improvement of GET 152-2023 from 2019 to 2022 are given. It is shown that the range of reproducible rated primary currents of a sinusoidal current installation is 1–1000 A in the frequency range of 40–2500 Hz, and the range of reproducible rated primary currents of a high direct current installation is 1000–10000 A. The data on the state verifi cation scheme for measuring instruments of the electric current conversion coeffi cients are given. Comparisons with the participation of UNIIM as a pilot for the period from 2019 to the present are listed. The prospects of further improvement of the GET 152-2023 to expand the measurement and calibration capabilities of this fi eld of measurement in the Russian Federation are described. The results of the work are relevant for metrological support of measuring converters of large electric current used in power engineering and industry.

Recovery system-based textile actuators

This paper presents a medical recovery system based on electrical stimuli transmitted through textile electrodes based on copper microparticles. The textile electrodes are connected to an electronic device capable of generating transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) using low-frequency (0–100 Hz) (diadynamic or interference) electrical currents. To evaluate the system, the current intensity, frequency and supply voltage were measured using different multimeters (Agilent Technologies U3606A and portable digital multimeter), and the signal was analysed. Depending on the intensity of the transcutaneous electrostimulation program, obtained by varying the electrical parameters, such as electrical voltage (U, mV), current intensity (I, mA) and frequency (f, Hz), it is possible that the patient feels pinches or vibration.

The Effect of the Electric Current Intensity and its Exposure Duration on the Germination Ratio and some Morphological Qualities of the Albizia Seedlings Albizia lebbek L. Benth

The results of exposing Albizia lebbeck seeds to Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth to the intensity of electric current and for a different period of exposure to a significant superiority when exposing the seeds to the intensity of an electric current 9A in the percentage of germination % Recipe for the height of seedlings, the diameter of the stem, the number of leaves and the wet and dry weight of the vegetative total compared to the comparison treatment, while the duration of exposure exceeded 9 minutes in the characteristic of the height of seedlings, as for the effect of bilateral overlap, the exposure of the seeds to the intensity of the electric current 9A for 9 minutes led to a significant superiority in the percentage of germination % Compared to the comparison treatment, the same treatment also gave a strong 9 for 9 minutes the highest increase in the trait of the rate of rise of seedlings, the diameter of the seedlings, the number of leaves, the wet and dry weight of the vegetative total compared to the comparison treatment that gave the lowest values. From the evidence of the results, we infer that the treatment with electric current led to an increase in the seed germination percentage and improved some of the vegetative growth qualities of the Albizia lebbek.

A prototype for on-site generation of chlorinated disinfectant for use in rural aqueducts

Sodium hypochlorite has significant potential as a sanitation solution in hard-to-reach areas. Few studies have investigated the optimal electrolysis parameters for its production with volumes greater than 10 L. This study evaluated sodium hypochlorite production through electrolysis in a 22-L prototype and identified the optimal operating parameters. Tests were performed using graphite electrodes with areas of 68.4 cm2 at the laboratory scale and 1 865.0 cm2 at the prototype scale. A design for experiments with different operating times, chloride concentrations, and electric current intensities was developed. The optimal operating time, sodium chloride concentration, and current intensity at the laboratory scale were 120 min, 150 g of chloride per liter, and 3 A, respectively, leading to the production of 5.02 g/L of the disinfectant with an energy efficiency of 12.21 mg of Cl2 per kilojoule. At the prototype scale, the maximum sodium hypochlorite concentration of 3.99 g of chloride per liter was achieved with an operating time of 120 min, a sodium chloride concentration of 100 g of chloride per liter, and a current intensity of 70 A, reaching an energy efficiency of 42.56 mg of Cl2 per kilojoule. In addition, this study evaluated the influences of the chloride concentration, current intensity, and operating time on the production of sodium hypochlorite at the two scales, and formulated the equations showing the trends of sodium hypochlorite production and energy efficiency in the electrochemical systems. The 22-L prototype model for production of this oxidizing substance is promising for disinfection of large volumes of water in areas that are difficult to access.

Thermomechanical Characterization and Modeling of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Coil Spring.

Today, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have important applications in several fields of science and engineering. This work reports the thermomechanical behavior of NiTi SMA coil springs. The thermomechanical characterization is approached starting from mechanical loading-unloading tests under different electric current intensities, from 0 to 2.5 A. In addition, the material is studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), which is used to evaluate the complex elastic modulus E* = E' - iE″, obtaining a viscoelastic response under isochronal conditions. This work further evaluates the damping capacity of NiTi SMA using tan δ, showing a maximum around 70 °C. These results are interpreted under the framework of fractional calculus, using the Fractional Zener Model (FZM). The fractional orders, between 0 and 1, reflect the atomic mobility of the NiTi SMA in the martensite (low-temperature) and austenite (high-temperature) phases. The present work compares the results obtained from using the FZM with a proposed phenomenological model, which requires few parameters for the description of the temperature-dependent storage modulus E'.

The anti-cariogenic effect of fluoride iontophoresis on sound enamel under different working conditions: an in vitro study

Objective. This study investigated the anti-cariogenic effect of fluoride iontophoresis on sound human enamel under different working conditions. Methods. One hundred and five enamel blocks were prepared and randomly assigned to seven different groups: Fluoride iontophoresis under different working conditions, including: different electric current intensities (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mA) and durations of current application (3, 6, 9 min); No fluoride treatment (negative control); Fluoride immersion without iontophoresis (positive control). After 7 days of pH-cycling, morphology changes on enamel surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Vickers surface microhardness (VH) values of enamel blocks before and after treatments were assessed using a Vickers microhardness tester. KOH-soluble fluoride (KOH-F) uptakes were measured by a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Results. Distinctly roughened enamel surfaces were showed in all treatment groups, with the greatest extent damaged surface in negative control group and the least in all the fluoride intophoresis groups. All the fluoride iontophoresis groups (except for the group under 0.2 mA) showed smaller reduction of VH values (p < 0.05) and greater KOH-F (p < 0.05) when compared with the negative and positive control groups. There was an increasing trend in the loss of VH and in fluoride uptakes with an increasing current intensity. Meanwhile, the reduction of VH values and KOH-F in Group I3 ( 0.6 mA) were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those in Group I1 ( 0.2 mA). No significant differences of reduction of VH and KOH-F presented among the three groups applied with fluoride iontophoresis under different current durations. Conclusions. Fluoride iontophoresis resulted in a significantly increased KOH-F and a reduced loss of VH after the 7 days pH-cycling procedure, and its effectiveness was influenced by different electric current intensities but not influenced by different current durations.

Influence of ambient temperature in the city of Portoviejo, Ecuador on the energy performance of photovoltaic modules

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The research analyzes the influence of the average temperature on the performance of specific photovoltaic solar modules under the environmental conditions of the city of Portoviejo, province of Manabí, Ecuador. The research is carried out using the qualitative methodology. Its main objective is to determine the influence of temperature on the energy performance of photovoltaic modules under the region's environmental conditions. Two electrical diagrams with different configurations were designed, which were analyzed and simulated using the MATLAB Simulink software. The results obtained show the direct relationship between the electrical parameters of voltage, current intensity, and power with the temperature value on the surface of the modules. It is concluded that the modules generate a higher value of voltage, electric current intensity, and electric power at a lower temperature, regardless of the level of solar irradiation they receive.&lt;/span&gt;

Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy.

An HIE‐FDTD algorithm for dispersive media with modified Lorentz model

AbstractIn this letter, a hybrid implicit–explicit finite difference time domain (HIE‐FDTD) method is developed to simulate general dispersive media with modified Lorentz model. The dispersive media is described through modified Lorentz model and is incorporated into the HIE‐FDTD method by two different auxiliary differential equations (ADEs). One ADE establishes the relationship between the electric displacement and electric field intensity and the other one establishes the connection between the electric current density and electric field intensity. Numerical examples are conducted and it can be seen from the numerical results that the proposed algorithm can simulate dispersive media correctly and also improve computational efficiency compared with the FDTD method and one unconditionally stable FDTD method.

Effect of different electrical current intensities of electroacupuncture preconditioning on cardiac function and macrophage polarization in mice with acute myocardial ischemia

To observe the effect of different intensities of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on car-diac function and polarization state of macrophages in mice with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI), so as to explore its possible mechanism underlying improvement of AMI. A total of 50 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham ope-ration, AMI model, and EA pretreatment groups (0.5 mA, 1 mA, 3 mA subgroups), with 10 mice in each group/subgroup. The mice in the EA pretreatment groups were subjected to EA stimulation of bilateral "Neiguan"(PC6) with 0.5, 1.0 and 3 mA respectively and frequency of 2 Hz/15 Hz for 20 min, once a day, for 3 days. The acute myocardial ischemia model was established by ligating the anterior descending branch (ADB) of the left coronary artery, while the sham operation only had a surgical suture trans-passed below the ADB but without ligation. The myocardial infarction area was measured after TTC staining, and the cardiac function ［left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), short-axis contraction rate (FS)］ was detected by using echocardiography. The M1 macrophages were labeled with CD11b+F480+CD206low, M2 macrophages were labeled with CD11b+F480+CD206high and detected by using flow cytometry, and the expression levels of myocardial interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) proteins were detected by using Western blot. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group had a significant increase in the infarction area (P<0.000 1), number of cardiac macrophages and percentage of M1 type macrophages (P<0.000 1), and the expression levels of myocardial IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR4 proteins (P<0.001, P<0.01), and a remarkable decrease in the levels of EF, FS and the percentage of M2 type macrophages (P<0.000 1). In contrast to those of the model group, the area of myocardial infarction (P<0.000 1, P<0.01), expression levels of myocardial IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR4 proteins (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001) in the 0.5 mA, 1 mA and 3 mA groups, number of macrophages and percentage of M1 macrophages (P<0.05) in the 1 mA group were significantly decreased, while the levels of EF and FS (P<0.000 1, P<0.05, P<0.001) in the 3 EA groups, and percentage of M2 macrophage (P<0.05) in the 1 mA group were significantly increased. Comparison among the 3 EA groups displayed that the effects of 1 mA group were significantly superior to those of 0.5 and 3 mA groups in up-regulating EF and FS (P<0.01, P<0.001), and in down-regulating the area of infarct myocardium (P<0.01, P<0.000 1), and the expression of TLR4 protein (P<0.01), and 0.5 mA group in the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins (P<0.05). EA preconditioning with electrical current intensities of 0.5 mA, 1 mA and 3 mA can effectively reduce myocardial infarction size, improve cardiac function in mice with AMI, which may be related with its effects in reducing the number of cardiac macrophages and down-regulating the expression of myocardial IL-1β, TNF-α and TLR4 proteins. The therapeutic effect of 1 mA is better than that of 0.5 and 3 mA.

Impact of the Anodic and Cathodic Electro-Activation Treatment on the Physico-Chemical and Antioxidant Capacity of Red Beetroot Juice

The aim of the present work was to study the feasibility of using electro-activation as a nonthermal treatment to produce stable beetroot juice. Specifically, red beetroot juice was electro-activated under two different reactor configurations by using three electric current intensities (100, 200, and 300 mA) during 120 min. Different parameters of the juice were measured such as the pH, redox potential, juice titratable acidity, Brix degree and total dry matter, color, betalain and polyphenolic contents, and antioxidant capacity of the electro-activated juice. By using the reactor Configuration A in which the targeted juice was electro-activated in the anodic compartment of the used reactor, acidic juice with pH 4 and 5 as well as a redox potential close to +300 mV was obtained. The Brix degree, color, dry matter, and phenolic content were not significantly influenced by this electro-activation. However, the treatment permitted increasing the antioxidant capacity of the juice as measured by the DPPH and ABTS assays. By using the reactor Configuration B in which the targeted beet juice was electro-activated in the cathodic compartment of the used compartment, a juice with an alkaline pH of approximately pH 9 and a reducing redox potential of -697 mV was obtained. With this reactor configuration, the Brix degree and total dry matter were not affected, but the color and total polyphenolic content changed. The betalains and polyphenolic compounds were degraded under the alkaline conditions of this electro-activation treatment, which had a negative consequence on the juice quality by decreasing its antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that anodic electro-activation of a beet juice can be technologically feasible since this treatment permitted producing stable juice as well as maintaining the main physico-chemical properties of the juice, enhancing its antioxidant capacity, and keeping the juice color at high level.

Landfill leachate post-treatment by the photoelectro-peroxone process using a baffled reactor

As cities develop and the population grows, municipal waste management has become increasingly important. Sanitary landfilling is one of the most prevalent waste management methods, which produces leachate. Due to the presence of various pollutants in leachate, its leakage into water bodies and soil will cause many serious problems, such as public health threats and carcinogenesis. One of the novel advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for treating leachate is the photoelectro-peroxone (PEP), a combination of ozonation, electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation processes. This study aimed to post-treatment of leachate using the PEP process on a laboratory scale with an up-down, and vice versa, baffled reactor for the first time. Based on the obtained results, the ozonation rate of 0.82 gr/hr.L, the electric current intensity of 0.75 A, initial pH of 8.6 (natural leachate pH), UV radiation power of 24 W, and the anode-to-cathode surface ratio of 1:1 with a total area of 37.8 cm2 for each anode and cathode were chosen as the optimal conditions. After 240 min under these conditions, COD, TOC, and color removal efficiencies of 68.8 %, 61.4 %, and 100 % were obtained, respectively. Furthermore, the control experiments showed that the PEP process had a significantly synergistic effect on degrading contaminants in the leachate, improving its efficiency over the electro-peroxone (EP), UV/O3, and sole ozonation processes.