Intelligent Transaction Research Articles

TRacer: Scalable Graph-Based Transaction Tracing for Account-Based Blockchain Trading Systems

Security incidents such as scams and hacks have become a major threat to the health of the blockchain ecosystem, resulting in billions of dollars in losses to blockchain users each year. To reveal the real-world entities behind pseudonymous blockchain accounts and recover stolen funds from massive transaction data, much effort has recently been put into tracing illicit financial flows in blockchain by academia and industry. However, most of the current blockchain fund tracing methods are heuristics and taint analysis methods that are designed on the basis of expert experience and specific events, which have limitations in terms of universality, effectiveness and efficiency. This paper models blockchain transaction records as a transaction graph and tackles blockchain transaction tracing as a graph search task. To achieve efficient and effective tracing of fund transfers on the transaction graphs, we propose a scalable transaction tracing tool, TRacer, which to the best of our knowledge is the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">first</i> intelligent transaction tracing tool that is generalized to multiple account-based blockchain platforms and can handle complex transaction behavior in decentralized finance (DeFi). Particularly, we tackle the transaction tracing task via a subgraph searching approach which employ a novel ranking method to infer the relevance between accounts during the graph search process in the multi-relational blockchain transaction graph. Theoretical analysis and experimental results on datasets from multiple blockchain platforms demonstrate that TRacer can efficiently perform the transaction tracing task at a lower cost and achieve better tracing results than existing methods or even expert manual audits.

Blockchain-based Security Mechanisms for Internet of Medical Things (IOMT)

Traditional standards and security protocols are recognized as unable to solve the security, privacy, and availability of services of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) ecosystem, especially during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Blockchain technology has then emerged as a distributed ledger technology that can manage many intelligent transactions and ensure greater security in data management. The Blockchain-based security mechanisms with specific adaptation and additional layers of authentication and verification can offer a complete resources' management system. It has demonstrated it’s superlatively as the core component of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. In this paper, we propose a ThreeTier Blockchain Architecture in a hierarchical clustering network, with a lightweight authentication system-based API Gateway model that provides network and communication security. Reasonable implementation is proposed and the obtained results demonstrate that our approach shows satisfactory performances in terms of transfer time, energy consumption, and CPU impacts. The traffic analysis also shows that the proposed model can meet the requested security, integrity, and confidentiality of user data.

Hyperledger for IoT: A Review of Reconstruction Diagrams Perspective

The convergence of blockchain with the internet of things (IoT) attracted widespread attention. Blockchain mainly solved the problem of secure storage and trusted transactions. The convergence of these two emerging technologies enhanced the security of smart services. However, there were some technical barriers to the deployment of practical IoT systems. In order to further promote the popularity and application of blockchain in the IoT, Hyperledger became the ideal technology to overcome these obstacles. In recent years, the mainstream application fields of IoT tried to carry out integration with Hyperledger to achieve high security, fine-grained privacy protection, real-time data flow, robustness, and other business requirements. However, there was a lack of literature review on this topic. This study obtained the latest related literature of Hyperledger in IoT from Web of Science, Wordlib, and EBSCO databases. To demonstrate more intuitive differences and provide a technology convergence process, this study proposes a reconstruction diagram analysis method. Reconstruction is the process of fusing the core design and the original architecture diagram in the literature and reconstructing the diagram so that it can show the core ideas of the literature. This approach aims to visualize the core ideas of the literature. Finally, this paper prospected and concluded by proposing four directions for future work, including a low-energy consensus algorithm, intelligent transaction validation, mixed on-chain and off-chain storage, and customized incentives.

An Intelligent Transaction Migration Scheme for RAFT-Based Private Blockchain in Internet of Things Applications

The integration of multi-access edge computing (MEC) and RAFT consensus makes it feasible to deploy blockchain on trustful base stations and gateways to provide efficient and tamper-proof edge data services for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, reducing the latency of storing data on blockchain remains a challenge, especially when an anomalytriggered data flow in a certain area exceeds the block generation speed. This letter proposes an intelligent transaction migration scheme for RAFT-based private blockchain in IoT applications to migrate transactions in busy areas to idle regions intelligently. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can apparently reduce the latency in high data flow circumstances.

Optimization of Cross-Border e-Commerce Logistics Supervision System Based on Internet of Things Technology

Based on the Internet of Things technology, this paper proposes building a cross-border e-commerce logistics supervision system and determines the evaluation index system from the overall framework design of the system, supply chain supervision process optimization, risk supervision optimization, and system order degree optimization. First of all, the framework adopts the national certification center to supervise the logistics service platform and logistics service platform to supervise the logistics participants of the secondary supervision system. Then, functions such as swarm intelligence contract, legal anonymous identity authentication, intelligent transaction matching, abnormal data analysis and detection, privacy protection, and traceability are realized under the framework of the supervision system. Then, the security analysis and transaction supervision component software are used to verify the security, control, and operating efficiency of the transaction supervision framework. Finally, in a real crowd sourcing logistics enterprise platform to run on the software component, the actual measurement, the measured results show that the proposed cross-border supervision system is safe and controllable, and electronic business logistics protects users and data privacy, prevents forgery and fraud, and realizes the user behavior and user data in addition to auditability and traceability.

Correction to “Research on Block-Chain-Based Intelligent Transaction and Collaborative Scheduling Strategies for Large Grid”

Correction to “Research on Block-Chain-Based Intelligent Transaction and Collaborative Scheduling Strategies for Large Grid”

An intelligent transaction model for energy blockchain based on diversity of subjects

This paper mainly proposes an intelligent transaction strategy of energy blockchain, aiming to safeguard the transmission of energy flow and information flow between users. Considering the diversity of power users, the power sellers were divided into reliable supply type (RST), low consumption type (LCT), environmental-friendly type (EFT), and affordable price type (APT), while power buyers were split into peak shifting type (PST) and stable demand type (SDT). Then, the comprehensive evaluation value (CEV) was calculated for each type of subjects. On this basis, the transaction strategy was optimized with the goal of maximizing the matching satisfaction of the two sides of the transaction. After that, the blockchain technology was introduced to the power matching decision-making process. The power transactions were made transparent and secure by the smart contract and consensus mechanism. Example analysis shows that our method improves the proportion of clean energies in power market, and ensures the stable supply, cost effectiveness, resource saving, and environmental-friendliness of the energy market.

Real‐time stock transaction data distribution mechanism based on distributed network caching

Stock transaction data transmission has extremely strong requirements for real‐time transmission. However, the volume of stock trading data continues to increase. The traditional end‐to‐end transmission mechanism has become difficult to meet the real‐time requirements of stock trading. In this paper, we propose an efficient stock transaction data transmission mechanism based on distributed network caching. By introducing elastic storage space at the edge, enabling intelligent transaction data push in the cloud, and introducing passive caching at the client, it effectively solves the real‐time requirement of stock transaction data transmission.

Internet and firm development

Purpose This paper aims to provide a survey of existing literature on the economic impacts of the internet on firm development, and outlines an overall framework of the existing studies. The purpose is to show how the internet affects firm development, which may help policymakers and other researchers to have a better knowledge of existing research characteristics, problems and future directions. Design/methodology/approach The authors review the studies on the economic impacts of the internet on firm characteristics and external environment, identify the characteristics of the existing literature and problems and discuss the directions of possible future research. Findings The authors find that the impacts of the internet on firm development mainly display two relevant mechanisms (firm characteristics and external environment), and they can be grouped into six channels (firm innovation, firm business mode, firm performance, firm productivity, firm import and export trade and firm location selection). Originality/value This study builds up a framework of how the internet impacts on firm development, which can add value to the future research of firm intelligent transaction modes in the crowd intelligence network.

Research on Block-Chain-Based Intelligent Transaction and Collaborative Scheduling Strategies for Large Grid

In view of the problems of large-grid-level centralized transactions and dispatch centers with information asymmetry and high processing costs, a completely decentralized transaction architecture and a weak centralized scheduling strategy based on block-chain are proposed. Firstly, the concepts of transaction decentralization and scheduling decentralization are defined, and the reliability of distributed transaction communication is studied. Built a blockchain transaction risk control model based on the communication credit consensus mechanism. Secondly, under the weakly centralized scheduling architecture based on the autonomous chain of substations, security checks are performed, and temporary central nodes are set up to perform scheduling tasks. Finally, an improved evolutionary game algorithm is used to solve the above model, and the optimal solution is obtained by dynamically updating the credibility.

Research on modeling of electric power transaction process based on block chain technology

Block chain technology is one of the optional technologies for the realization of intelligent power transactions on the residential side, and the specific transaction process is lacking research. Based on the composition of the block chain and its technical characteristics, this paper proposes a typical transaction flow for market participants in the electricity transaction under the environment of the residential side open electricity market based on block chain technology. According to the needs of power trading, the power trading using block chain technology is divided into 7 steps and abstracted separately. Finally, the power transaction based on block chain technology is analyzed, and the transaction process is further explained in combination with the case, which provides a reference for the introduction of new technologies for the design of ubiquitous power internet of things power transactions.

Projecting real world into CrowdIntell network: a methodology

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build cyber-physical-psychological ternary fusion crowd intelligence network and realize comprehensive, real, correct and synchronous projection in cyber–physical–psychological ternary fusion system. Since the network of crowd intelligence is the future interconnected network system that takes on the features of large scale, openness and self-organization. The Digital-selfs in the network of crowd intelligence interact and cooperate with each other to finish transactions and achieve co-evolution eventually. Design/methodology/approach To realize comprehensive, real, correct and synchronous projection between cyber–physical–psychological ternary fusion system, the authors propose the rules and methods of projection from real world to the CrowdIntell Network. They build the mental model of the Digital-self including structure model and behavior model in four aspects: identity, provision, demand and connection, thus forming a theoretical mental model framework of Digital-self. Findings The mental model is excepted to lay a foundation for the theory of modeling and simulation in the research of crowd science and engineering. Originality/value This paper is the first one to propose the mental model framework and projection rules and methods of Digital-selfs in network of crowd intelligence, which lays a solid foundation for the theory of modeling, simulation, intelligent transactions, evolution and stability of CrowdIntell Network system, thus promoting the development of crowd science and engineering.

Intelligent transaction: definition, modes, and research directions

Purpose In the crowd intelligence networking era, the smart connections of human, machines and things enable point-to-point trustable transactions and distributed efficient collaboration; the smart connections among government, enterprises, organizations and the public would enable active participation of the public in society management and decision-making and improve the efficiency of government management and services. All interactions among various agents can be viewed as the transaction activity. The social division of labor system drives the evolution of transaction. The transaction mode also differentiated into different patterns with the development of human society. What will be the intelligent transaction in the crowd intelligence networking era? What will be the transactions modes and rules in the crowd intelligence networking era? The answers to these questions are of great importance to the future development of transactions. Design/methodology/approach The authors review the evolution of traditional transaction and transaction modes and analyze the driving forces of it. They attempt to give the definitions of intelligent transaction and intelligent transaction mode. They also review the traditional transaction modes and rules, analyze the characteristics of the intelligent transaction and classify the intelligent transaction modes. Findings The authors find the intelligent transaction is mainly reflected in the intellectualization of transaction subject, transaction object and transaction process. They summarize the characteristics of intelligent transaction and develop four modes for the intelligent transactions based on the modularization level of the transaction objects and the quantity of transaction subjects, including the demand side and the supply side. The authors also show representative examples to further illustrate rules and features of these transaction modes and point out the potential research directions. Originality/value This study is among the first to analyze the characteristics of the intelligent transaction, and the proposed division framework of the intelligent transaction modes could not only add value to the future research of intelligent transaction modes and rules but also help to guide the transactions in the crowd intelligence network.

A novel artificial immune system-based approach for mining associative classification rules with stock trading data

Stock market prediction with high accuracy has always been an interesting subject for most investors and professional analysts. Data mining techniques are providing great aid to extract interesting and hidden knowledge from datasets. Financial data mining tools assist investors in their investment decisions, thereby reducing their investment risks. Associative classification rule mining is a promising approach in data mining that utilises the association rule discovery techniques to construct classification systems, also known as associative classifiers. This paper aims to develop an intelligent transaction system based on associative classification rule mining (ACR) and phenotypic artificial immune system (AIS) which discovers trading rules from numerical indicators. A new fitness function as a different measure of quality for quantitative association is suggested considering interestingness of rules. Based on the empirical studies on the top eight companies in the S&P 500 stocks, observed results demonstrate the superior prediction accuracy over the genetic algorithm based technique and the 'buy and hold' strategy.

A novel artificial immune system-based approach for mining associative classification rules with stock trading data

Stock market prediction with high accuracy has always been an interesting subject for most investors and professional analysts. Data mining techniques are providing great aid to extract interesting and hidden knowledge from datasets. Financial data mining tools assist investors in their investment decisions, thereby reducing their investment risks. Associative classification rule mining is a promising approach in data mining that utilises the association rule discovery techniques to construct classification systems, also known as associative classifiers. This paper aims to develop an intelligent transaction system based on associative classification rule mining (ACR) and phenotypic artificial immune system (AIS) which discovers trading rules from numerical indicators. A new fitness function as a different measure of quality for quantitative association is suggested considering interestingness of rules. Based on the empirical studies on the top eight companies in the S&P 500 stocks, observed results demonstrate the superior prediction accuracy over the genetic algorithm based technique and the 'buy and hold' strategy.

Imagination and Judgment in John Dewey's Philosophy: Intelligent transactions in a democratic context

In this essay, I attempt to interpret the educational philosophy of John Dewey in a way that accomplishes two goals. The first of these is to avoid any reference to Dewey as a propagator of a particular scientific method or to any of the individualist and cognitivist ideas that is sometimes associated with him. Secondly, I want to overcome the tendency to interpret Dewey as a naturalist by looking at his concept of intelligence. It is argued that ‘intelligent experience’ is the basic concept of education. I suggest how this concept should be understood. I propose to look at it as an interplay between the faculties of imagination and judgment.

A self-adaptable scheduler for synchronizing transactions in dynamically configurable environments

In a database system, the scheduler has the goal of synchronizing operations belonging to several concurrent transactions. The scheduler implements a concurrency control protocol, which may have either conservative or aggressive behavior. Existing database systems have schedulers with static behavior. This paper presents a self-adaptable scheduler, called Intelligent Transaction Scheduler (ITS), which has the ability of dynamically changing its behavior to adapt itself to the characteristics of the computing environment, without any human interference by using an expert system based on fuzzy logic. ITS can implement different correctness criteria, such as classical (syntactic) serializability and semantic serializability.

Intension exchange in Cognition based InTelligent Transaction Architecture (CITTA)

Intension exchange in Cognition based InTelligent Transaction Architecture (CITTA)