Intellectual Women Research Articles

“A Most Important Instrument”: Women, Literature, and the Social Good in 1790s Dublin

ABSTRACT This essay addresses distinctions between Irish and British literary theory and writing on education to sketch an intellectual tradition in which women’s education and public roles were accepted, even promoted. This tradition informs Lady Morgan’s representation of intellectual women, particularly in her later writings, as “instruments” of social change. Eighteenth-century Irish arguments for women’s intellectual equality, at least one so prominent that it was repeatedly republished and excerpted in periodicals, aligned with nationalist arguments at the end of the century which prioritized widespread education as a foundation for progress, peace, and self-government. Irish literary theory around 1800, particularly in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, resonated with such concerns about the collective rather than the individual, stressing community and collaboration on terms consistent with Dublin circles’ practices. The social function of literature was also understood in collective rather than expressive terms and thus those who shape events are characterized by Morgan, Preston, and others as “instruments” rather than leaders. These intellectual trends and cultural practices provide a key context not only for Morgan’s later writings about women as politically active but also for a distinctive feature of Irish Romanticism more broadly: the centrality of women writers.

Lived Experiences and Perceptions of University Female Students

With the onset of modernization, intellectual women in urban areas are not extremely compelled to follow menstrual pollution. However, practices such as forbidding women from entering the temples and kitchen, cooking food, touching male members of the family, and sleeping on their usual beds when menstruating. This study aims to analyze the lived experiences of urban intellectual women during menstrual restrictions. It also discusses the perceptions of them about the tradition of menstrual restrictions. The participants are the female students pursuing their Masters’ degree in sociology at Bharaihawa Multiple Campus Rupandehi. 16 out of 42 participants were selected for interview applying purposive sampling method. The samples include the students permanently living in Bhairahawa’s city area. Semi-structured interview was applied to collect the data to discuss about what the female students experience and perceive the tradition of menstruation restrictions. Most of the participants responded that the experience of restriction is the example of structural inequality imposed upon women due to patriarchal perspective of history. They have the experiences of pain and suffering at periods. The participants responded that menstruating restriction is the practice of imposing discrimination and superiority of males. But it was also found that males’ perspective is slightly changing with the process of modernization. This research article concludes with the perception of women that menstruation practice is the stigma for the modern society today.

Life Writing between Fact and Fiction: Croatian World War II Women Diarists

This article initiates the discussion of intellectual women’s experiences of the Second World War in Croatia/Yugoslavia with the introduction of the recently discovered war diaries of Jewish intellectual Ina Juhn Broda (1899–1983) and journalist Vinka Bulić (1884–1965), along with the war diary of the nurse Lujza Janović Wagner (1907–1945). These scattered examples of intellectual women’s life-writing and their role in women’s transition from one to another totalitarian regime lack a thorough analysis and theoretical interpretation. This article therefore analyses how World War II represented a major shift in women’s rethinking of war and peace, but also of the Yugoslav future as a socialist project. It also discusses the very nature of the genre and sees the act of writing (about) oneself as a substitution for abruptly discontinued intellectual activity and the public presence of these women intellectuals.

Community sense and insurgency perspectives for latin american afrodiasporic women's networks

We analyze the insurgence of black intellectual women’s networks in Latin America with emphasis on their organizational dynamics, besides considering the ongoing identification processes anchored on the idea of Afrodiasporic belonging. We noticed an urgent need to review the scope already consolidated by culture disciplines with regard to studies about networks. Our intention was to promote cross-sectional approaches favoring theoretical frameworks that contemplate the daily traumatic experiences which are recollected as a form of violence. We have also seen how transnational community perspectives are emerging in the debate about black women´s development and culture. It is argued that studies on the African diaspora in Latin America are underrepresented.

Sulianti Saroso’s Thoughts on Maternal Reproductive Health in Indonesia 1950—1961

This research aims to discuss Sulianti Saroso as one of the important figures in the development of maternal reproductive health in Indonesia. Specifically, this research is focused on the period 1950-1961 based on Sulianti Saroso's many ideas related to maternal reproductive health which she pioneered while serving as Head of the Maternal and Child Welfare in Indonesia during that period. To understand her thoughts, the author used several primary sources in the form of ego documents including the memoirs of Sulianti Saroso's first child, the archives of Sulianti's biography that she wrote herself, as well as the archives of Sulaiman’s biography. To support this research, the author also used her interviews’s archives from Kedaulatan Rakyat Newspaper as well as some newspapers from the National Library of Indonesia, Solo Press Museum, and Dhelper. Meanwhile, for data analysis, the author used five stages of historical research, namely topic selection, source collection, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the analysis then highlighted that as a figure who represents intellectual women, Sulianti's thoughts have a major contribution relevant to the development of maternal reproductive health in Indonesia. In conclusion, Sulianti Saroso can be considered as a significant figure in Indonesian health development.

Nas coxias da ciência: a peça “Gutenberg - drama histórico em 5 atos e em prosa” de Juliette Figuier: práticas de vulgarização científica e invisibilização feminina no século xix

Abstract: The aim of this article is to look at, through the case of Juliette Figuier, the often invisible role of intellectual women in the dissemination of scientific culture in France and Brazil. It focuses on her play Gutenberg (1869) which was translated into Portuguese in 1877 and circulated in Brazil. The play, which deals with the mythical life of the inventor of the printing press, is included in the list of narratives about science produced by popularizers of science - such as her husband, Louis Figuier. Often mistaken as a work of the latter, Gutenberg was originally written by Juliette Figuier. The article seeks to discuss through this case how women could participate in the production of cultural goods which projected the image of Science in a mediating role.

The Discursive Construction of Populist and Misogynist Nationalism: Digital Vigilantism Against Unpatriotic Intellectual Women in China

The phenomenon of nationalist digital vigilantism targeting Chinese intellectual women is rising in China. To illustrate how national identities and social exclusion are discursively constructed, as well as the potential vulnerabilities experienced by Chinese female intellectuals, four high-profile cases that took place between 2017 and 2021 are chosen. Critical discourse analysis is conducted on collected Sina Weibo comments, WeChat public account articles, and news articles published by state-run media. The research identifies three main discourses: the ungrateful traitor, the corrupt elite, and the ugly slut. These discursive interactions demonstrate the fluidity of both discursive and operational conditions in nationalist digital vigilantism, which amplifies the targets’ vulnerability. This research contributes to the study of misogynist populist nationalism by providing an empirical analysis in an under-studied social context—China, and to the study of Chinese populist nationalism by foregrounding an under-studied perspective—misogyny.

La técnica del psicodrama y la mímesis en los reportajes (1932-1936) de Magda Donato: la cotidianidad como arte escénico

Magda Donato (1898-1966) belonged to the prominent group of intellectual women of Spanish Silver Age. She was a writer and an actress. And she cultivated several journalistic genres like articles, interviews, theatrical critiques and reports. In the reports that she wrote to Ahora newspaper (1932-1936), Donato portrays with closeness the way of life, mostly women, destitute from society, like the insane, prisoners or panhandlers; but, she also describes other places like fortune-teller´s office or survival´s way of a theatrical itinerant company. Donato was a pioneer in Spain on this type of reports, because the development´s process of these was made introducing herself in the real stages that she investigated. Playing the role she applied the psychodrama and the mimesis skills for getting reliable information. In this article we will analyze some of the reports from a theatrical aspect.

Eksistensi Perempuan dalam Novel Rembang Jingga Karya Tj Oetoro Dan Dwiyana Premadi: Kajian Feminisme Eksistensialis Simone De Beauvoir

Women become one of the phenomena that often exist in the novel. Women are depicted as weak parties so that they are often used as an excuse for men to exploit their beauty. Over time the existence of women is increasingly visible in terms of fighting for rights and equalizing their position with men. This study aims to explain the forms and strategies in the existence of women in the novel Rembang Jingga by Tj Oetoro and Dwiyana Premadi. This study uses a type of literary research with a descriptive method. The data collection technique used was reading the novel as a whole, marking the parts indicated on the existence of women and taking an inventory of the data. The data analysis technique is to describe the data, classify and interpret the data. The research findings include 1) the forms of women's existence in the novel Rembang Jingga there are two kinds, namely first, there are for themselves in the form of unyielding, strong women and the will to fight, second, there are for others. 2) There are four strategies for the existence of women in the Rembang Jingga novel, namely working women, intellectual women, social transformation women, and independent women

EKSISTENSI PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL CATATAN JUANG KARYA FIERSA BESARI: KAJIAN FEMINIS-EKSISTENSIALIS

Even though they are in the modern era, women in various parts of the world are still constrained by various shackles and it is difficult to show their existence. Literary works then become a platform for women to liberate themselves and emphasize their existence even though only symbolically. This study aims to describe the strategies, causes, and impacts of the existence of women in the novel Catatan Juang by Fiersa Besari based on the feminist existentialist study of Simone de Beauvoir. This research is a qualitative research with a library-based study. The analysis was carried out using the content analysis method. The results of this study can be conveyed as follows; (1) there are four strategies for the existence of women in the form of strategies, intellectual women, working women, social transformation women, and independent women, (2) the causes of the emergence of women's existence strategies, among others; social concerns, economic status, and thinking towards change.

The archetypical substratum of Vira Vovk’s selected works: the character of the goddess Ishtarand other personages’)

The study proposes to analyze the image of the goddess Ishtar in selected works of the Ukrainian writer in Rio de Janeiro Vira Vovk (Wira Wowk, autonym Vira-Lydia-Kateryna Selyanska, Wira Selanski). The main feminine characters for comparative analysis are: Inanna-Ishtar, Esther (biblical character and title image of the novel), fictional heroine Aylya. Masculine and feminine characters are taken into account. The archetypal substratum is analyzed as exemplified by mythologems. The polylogue of Vira Vovk’s texts is offered. The material of the analysis encomasses the works by Vira Vovk, the Bible, myths of different nations. The image of Aylya is compared with eternal images, as well as figures of the Ukrainian intellectual women, including allegorically depicted ones in the literature of the 20th century. Comparative, archetypal, textual and other methods are used.

Feminisme Liberal dalam Anime Kidō Senshi Gandamu Tekketsu No Orufenzu Karya Tatsuyuki Nagai

This research is entitled "Liberal Feminism in Kidō Senshi Gandamu Tekketsu no Orufenzu Anime by Tatsuyuki Nagai". Purpose of this this research of this study is to determine the form of liberal feminism from the main female character and the existence of female characters in Kidō Senshi Gandamu Tekketsu no Orufenzu Anime. In analysis, the theories used in this research are liberal feminism theory by Tong and sociology of literature by Wellek and Werren. Based on the analysis results, it was found that the liberal feminism that appears in the anime Kidō Senshi Gandamu Tekketsu No Orufenzu contained in the Kudelia character is the image of women, the position of women, intellectual women, and women who have a high degree of curiosity. Efforts to enforce the existence of women are seen from the existence of female characters.

The Depiction of ‘New Woman’ in Manju Kapur’s Home

It is impossible to overestimate the significance of Indian English Writing in the commitments made by its female pupils. ManjuKapur is one of many who strive to speak to the realities of Indian women, who endure a variety of hardships and tribulations as a result of the city's tradition and modernization have opposing weights. She illustrates the difficult decision-making of middle-class females who transform from quiet victims to ultimate agitators, challenging the male-dominated society's age-old customs, morals, and constraints. ManjuKapur's Home is a great example of self-assurance. ManjuKapur's Home exemplifies this type of self-assertion. The work is situated in a downtown neighborhood, and the key hero Nisha is shown as a lady who fearlessly confronts and overcomes the limits of being a woman. She ultimately achieves her determined journey towards becoming herself. ManjuKapur acknowledges illiterate intellectual Indian women's ability to recognize their impulses for self-discovery in their adolescence as a ‘new woman.'

Modern Women Intellectuals and the Sandino Rebellion: Carmen Sobalvarro and Aura Rostand

Achieving global fame in 1927, Nicaragua’s General Augusto César Sandino came to symbolize and unite international solidarity movements against US imperialism by cultivating a sophisticated transnational intellectual network that encompassed communications, public relations, intelligence, provisions, volunteers, and fundraising. The participation of male public intellectuals in Sandino’s strategic communications is well documented, but the roles of intellectual women in the rebellion have not been appreciably explored to date. Bringing to light new archival research on the Nicaraguan poets and journalists Carmen Sobalvarro and Aura Rostand, this article examines how their gendered writing and public personae propagated both Sandino’s war and his legacy after his 1934 assassination. As part of an informal network of women intellectuals, Sobalvarro and Rostand played integral roles in Sandino’s public relations in Nicaragua and abroad. As Sandino has once again become a contested figure in light of Nicaragua’s oppressive Ortega-Murillo government, this recuperative cultural study also bears on present-day Nicaraguan political discourse.

Masculinity in the public image of physics and mathematics: a new model comparing Japan and England.

Women are a minority in science, technology, engineering and mathematics academic careers. In particular, few women in Japan choose to study physics and mathematics. In this study, we investigated the factors contributing to the masculine image of physics and mathematics based on the framework of our expanded model. We conducted online questionnaire surveys in Japan and England, and found that physics and mathematics occupations, and mathematical stereotypes were both related to a masculine image. Only in Japan were social factors, such as a person’s attitude to intellectual women, related to viewing mathematics as ‘masculine’. However, the experience of being told or having heard that the choice of a particular course of studies would make someone less attractive to the opposite sex was evident only in England. This finding suggests that social factors affect the masculine image of physics and mathematics, and that this could vary depending on the country.

New intellectual women images in the Xia Yan’ play “Fragrant Flowers on the Horizon”: typological aspect

New intellectual women images in the Xia Yan’ play “Fragrant Flowers on the Horizon”: typological aspect

Reproductive aging and executive functions in healthy women

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of reproductive aging on executive functions. We assessed executive functions in three groups of healthy women in the premenopausal (n = 45, mean age = 30.89, SD = 10.5), perimenopausal (n = 31, mean age = 50.06, SD = 3.6) and postmenopausal (n = 24, mean age = 63.39, SD = 6.5) phase. No differences between groups were observed in working memory, verbal fluency, inhibitory control, planning, and cognitive flexibility. However, when the analyses were repeated with participants with occupations with lower intellectual demands, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women performed worse than premenopausal women in semantic verbal fluency. This study provides important evidence to understand the effects of reproductive aging on cognitive performance in healthy women. Our findings indicate that cognitive reserve-related factors may be important to understand the differences in executive functions associated with reproductive aging.

La influencia de la intelectual peruana en el desarrollo del papel de la mujer de inicios del siglo XX

El propósito de este artículo es revisar la literatura periodística de mujeres a inicios del siglo XX. Esta es un instrumento de análisis del pensamiento colectivo que la intelectual mujer poseía y que determinó —tanto de manera directa como indirecta— los futuros cambios socioculturales.
 Durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX, las intelectuales trabajaron un tema de fondo: el acceso de la mujer a la educación y a un trabajo digno. Esta temática fue planteada desde distintos puntos de vista, los cuales generaron debates y rivalidades entre las mismas enunciantes. Este estudio gira alrededor del artículo de Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera, “Los exámenes”.

Pregnancies and births in women with Down syndrome – An analysis based on the Medical Statistics of Swiss Hospitals

ABSTRACT Background: More knowledge about the particularities of pregnancy and childbirth in women with Down syndrome (DS) might improve medical and psychosocial support for expectant mothers. Method: In a sample of 351 pregnancies, women with DS were compared with women with other forms of intellectual disabilities (ID) and women without ID with regard to pregnancy outcome, characteristics of hospitalisation, and complications. Results: Among women with DS, 62.9% of pregnancies ended abortively compared with 15.1% for women without ID and 22.0% for women with other forms of ID. Significant group differences were found for pre-existing diseases that complicate pregnancy, birth, and puerperium. No group differences were found in pregnancy-specific diseases, in complications associated with the foetus, and in complications of labour and childbirth. Conclusions: The increased abortion rate of women with DS appears to be a central characteristic of pregnancies in this population and merits further investigation.

Compressed Identity

For decades the authoritarian secularist policies of the Turkish state, by imposing a headscarf ban at universities and in the civil service, excluded practising Muslim women from the public sphere until the reforms following 2010. However, Muslim women had continued to seek ways to increase their knowledge and improve their intellectual levels, not only as individuals, but also by establishing civil associations. As a result, a group of intellectual women has emerged who are not only educated in political, social, and economic issues, but who are also determined to attain their socio-economic and political rights. Those new actors in the Turkish public sphere are, however, concerned with being labeled as either “feminist,” “fundamentalist” or “Islamist.” This article therefore analyzes the distance between the self-identifications of intellectual Muslim women and certain classifications imposed on them. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with thirteen Turkish intellectual Muslim women were carried out which reveal that they reject and critique overly facile labels due to their negative connotations while offering more complex insights into their perspectives on Muslim women, authority, and identity.