Intellectual Space Research Articles

Cybersecurity and International Relations: developing thinking tools for digital world politics

Abstract Processes of digital transformation alter global politics. This is an issue not only for specialists in cybersecurity, but for all scholars of international relations. This introduction to a special section outlines an agenda for cybersecurity research in international relations research and practice. We argue that cybersecurity is not only a specialized subfield of International Relations (IR), but also an intellectual space in which crucial questions concerning international politics, security and digital technology can be examined. Nevertheless, we identify three biases in current cybersecurity research—a focus toward the state, the military and power as domination—that limit the field and hamper broader engagement with IR and critical security scholarship. We argue that cybersecurity and digital technology are neither optional additions to the theory and practice of international relations nor issues that can neatly be isolated from other world affairs. The goal of the special section is hence twofold. First, to provide new directions and foundations for cybersecurity studies. Second, to explore the opportunities and challenges raised by cybersecurity and digital technological phenomena in conversation with IR and critical security studies. Taken together, the special section demonstrates the need to understand cybersecurity through international relations and to understand international relations through cybersecurity.

A laying on of hands: reading afrodiasporic spirituality, matrilineage & collectivism in lemonade

ABSTRACT Lemonade (2016) is a genre-blending text that imports cultural and fantastical devices in order to revise, interrogate, and re-examine history–specifically, the traumas inherited from enslavement. In its analysis of history, Lemonade immortalizes Afrodiasporic spiritual practices and enshrines Black women-healers and magic-users as folk heroes. This work advances that the Afrodiasporic spiritual practices and gynocentric connections are used to form Black female collectives. It draws largely on Black and Africana feminist and womanist scholarship to frame an expanded discussion of spirituality and Black motherhood in the American South, and to demonstrate how collectives–sacred, transhistorical communities–are critical to Black female healing. It contextualizes Lemonade’s “chapters,” visuals, and wider narrative, and it examines the Southern psychic and epistemological resources that Beyoncé, as protagonist, consults. In doing so, this work ultimately intends to create new intellectual space for readers to revisit questions of collectivity in Lemonade and consider the indispensability of community for Black women and girls.

Methodological aspects of research in information security

The article discusses the research methodology of the basics of information security. A special place is given to the selection of methodological research tools. This selection was made on the basis of the exclusive importance of the field of information provision in interaction with other directions of state building and national security. At the same time, we note that the raised issue has an interdisciplinary nature due to its inherent legal and structural nature: legal, economic (technological), and moral and psychological components. Under such conditions, the philosophical-dialectical method is extremely important in view of its epistemological nature, which will contribute to the derivation of the author’s conclusions and judgments, which will be characterized by consistency and continuity. The conducted analysis made it possible to reveal that the current summary in terms of understanding the role and significance of the methodological component for the results of our research is the following: from the point of view of the methodology of legal science, the paradigm of information security has a complex structure, which is formed by the elements: law enforcement methodology, the legislation of Ukraine, the systematics of legal norms, explanations of the legal norm, the procedure for implementing the provisions of the law, the legal policy of the state in the field of information security, media culture and media ethics in the application of legislation that regulates the issue of complete access of citizens to sources of information, tactical and strategic directions of activities of entities ensuring security in the use of information, the effectiveness of the application of legislation , law-enforcement examination of departmental regulations regulating relations in the field of information security. Attention is drawn to the fact that any of the listed structural elements of a complete complex of information security can serve as the object of a separate scientific study. The above studies revealed that the selected methodological tools for solving the task of our scientific intelligence will contribute to the professional research of the in-depth component processes of the implementation of measures in the areas of protection of the information space of Ukraine. The application of methodological techniques will allow us to more fully and comprehensively reveal the role of the information security institute in the development of our ideas about the system of measures to ensure the information hygiene of the Ukrainian media, public-legal and private-legal intellectual space, to identify new aspects in its structure and elemental composition.

О смысле памяти

The review presents to the reader the first published manuscripts of Olga Alexandrovna Shor, known as a biographer and publisher of the works of the Russian poet Vyacheslav Ivanov. The review examines in detail published Shor’ manuscripts stored in the Roman Archive of Vyach. Ivanov, in particular the treatise “Mnemology”, as well as individual notes included in the book. Olga Shor’s philosophizing is proposed to be understood as a kind of mystical ontologism based on the concept of being as a starting point for describing the ontological memory and reality of an event. The connections and interactions of Shor’s reflections in the treatise with the cultural context – the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, the heritage of Vyach. Ivanov, neo-Kantianism, Russian and European religious and philosophical thought – are considered in outline. The author of the review expresses the hope that the first and very detailed publication of “Mnemology” will draw research attention to the author’s philosophical work of Olga Shor. The return of such forgotten names and works to our intellectual space is also important because it opens access to the creative laboratory of the Silver Age, which was busy searching for a way out of the crisis of European culture and creating an original version of cultural philosophy. Considering the fact that Olga Shor left her work unfinished without preparing it for publication, which makes a serious critical analysis of this work incorrect, the review mainly clarifies the key points of the author’s thoughts and offers an understanding of the author’s intention

The Institutionalization of Feminism in the Romanian Academic and Intellectual Sphere

The present research aims to explore the institutional history of feminist disciplines and the trajectory of their inclusion in the Romanian academic curriculum, as well as in the intellectual space from the late 90’s to the present day. The adoption of feminist theories has been limited by two impediments that have made their curricular inclusion difficult and their circulation in Romania quite sporadic: firstly, the subject has been rejected and boycotted by a moralising conservative public discourse and secondly, their critical disciplinary implication has posed problems of institutional acceptance due to suspicion of leftist bias. The paper aims to analyse the public debates concerning feminism, compared to a form of totalitarianism, in Romania, on the one hand. The second part has in view to define the import channel of feminist studies in Romania, along with the difficulties that hindered the first feminist scholars and activists’ efforts to disseminate the discipline in post-communist countries. The liberal ethos with conservative nuances of the Romanian academic space and the public intellectuals’ anti-communist positions remain responsible for the poor representation of feminism in Romania, as its impiety towards feminist theories has to do with the protectionism of dominant, conservative discourses.

Mary Main's written legacy: a bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT Mary Main’s written work profoundly changed the direction of attachment research through her publications and through her teachings. The current study describes the scientific impact of her her published and unpublished work. We identified 85 such works. Web of Sciences contained k = 7,571 citations to these works from by 13,398 unique authors. The topics of citing work clustered around clinical psychological research, early dyadic relationships, romantic attachment, traumatic experiences, and the adult attachment interview itself. Based on co-citation patterns, Main shared an intellectual space with authors known for developmental psychopathology and child development, parent–child relationships, adult attachment, psychodynamic theorizing, and reciprocity in interaction and infant mental health. We discuss the impact of the “move to the level of representation” and how new ties with researchers unfamiliar with these ideas will be important to realize unused potential in the ideas and methods given to the field by Mary Main.

THE INTERPLAY OF IJTIHĀD AND MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ‘AH IN PRE-MODERN LEGAL THOUGHT: EXAMINING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AL-GHAZALI AND AL-SHATIBI

The debate of ijtihād - its meanings, theorization and application, is one of the most noticeable debates in the modern Muslim intellectual space. In the contested backdrop of ‘closure of the gates of ijtihād’, the process of reproduction of ShÉrÊah‘ knowledge, civilizational renewal and forming a critical engagement with the socio-intellectual context of contemporary times through ijtihÉd gained coinage among different strata of Muslim scholarship, developing intra-Muslim conversations between traditionalists, modernists and progressives. In this debate, maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah as a concept, theory and philosophy has been repeatedly invoked by all three points of views, explaining it from their distinct positions. In this context, this paper attempts to offer an analysis of the pre-modern dialogue between ijtihād and maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah, revisions of the traditionally more predominant method of extension of law, qiyās, in context of Shāfi’īte four-source theory and employment of relatively more utilitarian tool, maṣlahah. Hence, the paper investigates the concepts of munāsabah and taḥqiq al-manāṭ vis-à-vis maqasid al-Shari’ah, employed by two most prominent advocates of maqāṣid thought in pre-modern scholarship, al-Ghazali (d. 1111 C.E) and al-Shatibi (d. 1388 C.E). Finally, the study attempts to locate the common ground between traditional theory of ijtihād and maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah, to explain the possibility of maqāṣid based ijtihād model.

Teaching Critical Reflection on Epistemic Injustice: The Case of a Collaborative International Public Health Course

We present pedagogical reflections on teaching the concept of epistemic injustice through an undergraduate course run collaboratively at campuses in Kyrgyzstan, Palestine, Sierra Leone, and the United States. Our course, entitled Solving Each Other’s Public Health Problems, enabled students to engage with epistemological power structures by playing the role of both international development donor and local beneficiary. By building on discussions of realworld issues, fostering interpersonal relationships, modeling productive discourse through transparent feedback and providing intellectual space for selfreflection and empathy, the course provides a pedagogically transformative framework for international collaborative education.

Республика былого и грядущего?

The review provides a thematic reading of the collective monography, which deals with intellectual history of Russian republicanism. The author of the review underlines that the book, although it is composed of ten separated and conceptually independent parts, could have a general reading in the optics of modern political philosophy’s problematics. This intention derives from the explicitly shown authors’ interest in actual republicanism theory, that started at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries regarding Ph. Pettit’s arguments. Then it is shown that research on the development of the idea of Russian republicanism has a normative model, which can be described as an interpretation of the methodology of Cambridge School of intellectual history. For Russian intellectual space the work with republicanism on the material of social-political thought investigation becomes a reference point, that allows to synchronize methods and subjects of actual philosophy with the global context. A common point for the collective monography is highlighting the inconsistency of the phenomenon of “republic” in Russian political language: being an important idea, although imported from other political tradition, the attempts to define its content and its importance were not always successful and influential enough. An important contribution of the work in the elaboration of political philosophy is clarification of many historical aspects, which results in the narrowing the space for mythologization of Russian political thought.

NEW APPROACHES TO THE TEACHING OF THEORETICAL DISCIPLINES OF THE "FOREIGN LANGUAGES" CYCLE IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

The article studies peculiarities of organization of teaching of theoretical linguistic disciplines in the context of informatization of education. It emphasizes the importance of using internet technologies in the system of higher education, reveals main theoretical groundings of their implementation into the educational process and training teachers of English as a foreign language. The author analyses didactic parameters of using web-resources in the process of teaching linguistic theoretical academic subjects, taking as an example Theoretical grammar of the English language. The article gives an overview and brief analysis of some on-line linguistic databases, resources, free language theory courses which are widely available. The author demonstrates various possibilities of using specialized on-line resources for teaching the theory of the English language and organizing research work of undergraduate and graduate students. Reform of higher education in Ukraine is caused the needs of today society due to the building of information society and integration in the global intellectual space dimension. Modification of the requirements of educational process in higher education, its quality and semantic parties should ensure the quality of training to world standards. That is one of the main vectors and targets of the improvement of higher education in Ukraine should create a system of quality assurance and professional development aimed at forming professional independence and acquire new knowledge and skills in the conditions of intensive informational society. In this context particularly urgent search for new and upgrade existing forms of educational process appears. Thus, approaches to teaching theoretical subjects in a foreign language must be updated in view of the need for a informative professional competence. The systematic use of the Internet for relevant practical, research, creative tasks will improve professional skills improvement, skills will form the search, selection and analysis of scientific material. Further research prospects seen in a detailed study of the experience of using online technology in teaching linguistic disciplines at leading universities abroad.

Республика былого и грядущего?

The review provides a thematic reading of the collective monography, which deals with intellectual history of Russian republicanism. The author of the review underlines that the book, although it is composed of ten separated and conceptually independent parts, could have a general reading in the optics of modern political philosophy’s problematics. This intention derives from the explicitly shown authors’ interest in actual republicanism theory, that started at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries regarding Ph. Pettit’s arguments. Then it is shown that research on the development of the idea of Russian republicanism has a normative model, which can be described as an interpretation of the methodology of Cambridge School of intellectual history. For Russian intellectual space the work with republicanism on the material of social-political thought investigation becomes a reference point, that allows to synchronize methods and subjects of actual philosophy with the global context. A common point for the collective monography is highlighting the inconsistency of the phenomenon of “republic” in Russian political language: being an important idea, although imported from other political tradition, the attempts to define its content and its importance were not always successful and influential enough. An important contribution of the work in the elaboration of political philosophy is clarification of many historical aspects, which results in the narrowing the space for mythologization of Russian political thought.

«Мы должны быть людьми, у которых есть история»: американская женская история глазами лекторов Лекции Хаскинса

The article determines that the institution of personalized honorary lectures, which is one of the established forms of organizing the scientific and professional activities of Western historical science, can be considered as a historiographical fact and a subject of study for a historian of historical science. It is found that the texts of the lectures of the Haskins Lecture, established in 1983 by the American Council of Scientific Societies, are ego-histories and can be considered as historiographical facts and as ego-documents on intellectual history and American women’s history. Based on the analysis of the text of the lectures of the Haskins Lecture, which be-long to women historians of women’s history, the features of the intellectual space of American women’s histo-ry are revealed, including reflection on the nature of interest in the creation of a new field of historical knowledge – the history of women.

Wikipedia and the Outsider Within: Black Feminism and Social Inequality in Knowledge Sharing

This paper examines the politics of knowledge on Wikipedia through a Black feminist lens, with particular attention to Patricia Hill Collins’s concept of Black women as “the outsider within” in intellectual spaces. We present an assignment in which a class of predominantly Black, female undergraduate students were tasked with analyzing and then improving content on Wikipedia. Wikipedia strives to be unbiased through a transparent writing and editing process that draws on reliable, published sources. These protocols regularly help catch and fix hoaxes and content vandalism. Nonetheless, we build on existing scholarship to show that Wikipedia has other kinds of biases that result in racist and sexist knowledge gaps, euphemisms, stereotypes, and misrepresentation. These problems are a result of (1) the personal experiences and opinions of Wikipedia editors, who are predominantly white and male; (2) the requirement for subjects to be deemed “noteworthy” through citing multiple sources that meet Wikipedia’s standards of reliability; and (3) gatekeeping practices by the existing editors. As a result, we argue that Wikipedia can not only extend but also exacerbate pro–white male biases present in the source materials that Wikipedia draws on. We note the potential for more diverse editors to improve Wikipedia content, but we also offer cautionary observations on this strategy. Last, we suggest that college instructors can teach students to better understand racialized and gendered knowledge processes through assignments to contribute to Wikipedia that are paired with supportive readings.

Exploring children’s participation from Froebelian practitioners’ perspectives in Scottish context

ABSTRACT Participation has been discussed as a multi-layered concept with varied outlooks on children’s lived experiences. Children’s participation occupies a complicated terrain in that whose participation counts and how it manifests itself within complex adult–child relations are enduring questions in the early childhood field. This qualitative study explored early years practitioners’ perspectives about children’s participation through their Froebelian lenses in the Scottish context. Semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 14) were conducted online (May 2020–September 2020). As a result of the thematic analysis, three interrelated themes unfold practitioners’ conceptualisations of children’s participation: (i) listening to children’s perspectives, (ii) acting upon children’s perspectives and (iii) active learning and development. The study shows that Froebelian approaches open diverse intellectual spaces for practitioners to consider children’s participation, agency and competency alongside everyday pedagogical encounters. Children’s participation, which was not a common concept in Froebel’s time, is reconceptualised by the practitioners in this research and identified as a substantial but fluid concept in children’s multiple experiences, which is also acknowledged as children’s rights.

FEMINISM AND ITS IMPACT ON GENDER EQUALITY IN A MODERN SOCIETY

FEMINISM AND ITS IMPACT ON GENDER EQUALITY IN A MODERN SOCIETY

Дружба в науке длиною в 25 лет, или Как мы строили историографический мост «Омск - Челябинск». К юбилею В. П. Корзун

A note about the formation of the intellectual space between the Omsk and Chelyabinsk historiographical communities, common projects, and the special role of the outstanding scientist V.P. Korzun in this process.

Prerequisites for the Emergence of Museum Business in North Ossetia

The article analyzes the conditions in which one of the most important public initiatives of the intelligentsia of Ossetia of the late XIX – early XX centuries is the idea of creating a Terek regional museum. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the state policy of the Russian Empire of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries on the development of the cultural and intellectual space of North Ossetia, as well as the mechanism of interaction between power and the progressive part of society in North Ossetia, which influenced the emergence of a museum affair in Ossetia. Based on the analysis of the activities of educational and charitable societies of the late XIX – early XX centuries in the conditions of an increased number of educational institutions, increasing the level of literacy of the population, developing the economy and the process of urbanization, and, as a result, the emergence of the intelligentsia in Ossetia and the origin of a scientific interest in the history of the peoples of the Caucasus , the author comes to the conclusion about the conceptual, fundamental rethinking of values in the public consciousness, which was manifested by the idea of creating a Terek regional museum.

Cyber-physical development of technopolises under conditions of digitalisation and intelligentisation of industry

The article reflects the results of a multidimensional study aimed at analyzing the established models and concepts of technopolises, focusing on their cyber-physical development in the light of modern technological and socio-economic changes. Technopolises are recognised as some of the largest and potentially most important projects in the world. The aim of the research was to systematise and analyse existing models of technopolis development, and to identify the key factors influencing the efficiency and innovation activity of these zones in the context of digitalisation and intellectualisation of industry. The evolution of research interest in the technopolis concept was analysed. The systematization of definitions and theoretical approaches to the concept of technopolis was carried out. The echeloned concept of technopolis is presented on the basis of the cognitive triad of economic, technological and urban planning aspects. The empirical typology of clusters is built, their differences from science cities and technoparks are shown. Technopolises are proposed to be considered from the position of their inclusion in the object component of innovation-industrial ecosystems along with clusters, parks and zones. The limitations of the technopolis concept are highlighted. The analysis of the current state and prospects of technopolises development in the Russian Federation as locomotives of innovation activity in the conditions of industry digitalisation is carried out. The model of cyber-physical technopolis based on intellectual spaces integrating the latest achievements in the field of information technologies and managerial innovations is proposed. The proposed model implies the creation of synergetic interaction between physical and digital elements of the industrial environment, which can serve as a stimulus for the leapfrog development of technopolises and the entire innovation-industrial ecosystem of the country. The development of models for assessing the economic contribution of cyber-physical technopolises at the macro- and micro-levels may become a direction for further research.

The first public debate in the history of Hungarian philosophy? Ioannes Pannonius' letter to Marsilio Ficino on divine providence

AbstractThe present paper has in its focus a letter written in Buda in the mid-1480s by a mysterious Hungarian author, Ioannes Pannonius, whose figure is shrouded in obscurity. After a brief overview of the letter, the paper summarises the misconceptions and uncertainties surrounding the identity of the mysterious author and then attempts to outline his biography on the basis of fragmentary information. Contrary to the Anglo-Saxon scholarly literature, it argues that the Hungarian author is neither a fiction nor an intellectual “avatar” of Ficino, whom he could challenge in the public ring of contemporary intellectual space in order to defend his own Platonic theory. And if he is not a fictional author, the significance of the short letter is not only that the head of the Florentine Platonic school, Marsilio Ficino, anticipating the later theological debates around Platonism in the 16th century, replies to the letter, but also that it is perhaps the first known, highly publicised debate in the history of Hungarian philosophy.

Политическое мировоззрение в условиях трансформации глобальной системы мироустройства

The purpose of this work is to consider the features of the formation of the phenomenon of political worldview in the conditions of transformational processes taking place within the framework of the global world order. The methodology of the research was discourse analysis, as it allowed the author to identify trends emerging in the intellectual space and socio-political discourse, which made it possible to solve the problem of interpreting the content of the problem field and assess its impact on the formation of attitudes of the political worldvie. The paper defines the essence of the phenomenon of worldview, which consists in the ability of a person to have a holistic picture of the world, as well as the possibility of acquiring values and ideals that determine the motives of behavior and goals of life strategy. A comparative analysis of such phenomena as ideology and worldview is carried out, during which the author comes to the conclusion that the phenomena under consideration, having a common basis for the sphere of value meanings, can have a mutual influence in the process of forming ideological guidelines. Special attention is paid to the problem of forming a political worldview in the conditions of changing the previous system of the world order. For many, the familiar unipolar world order today is increasingly coming into a state of degradation. The former system is gradually being replaced by the emerging model of a multipolar world order, which has the potential to form the basis of the worldview of the political worldview of modern Russian society. The conclusions the author comes to are that a complete and consistent view of the world requires consistent work on its formation, which also concerns the political worldview. This circumstance leads to an understanding of the importance of purposeful activity to form an integral paradigm of the world order in the consciousness of Russian society.