Intellectual Property Services Research Articles

Entrepreneurship, Government Support and Regulatory Improvement in the Service Industry: Focusing on the Intellectual Property Service

Entrepreneurship, Government Support and Regulatory Improvement in the Service Industry: Focusing on the Intellectual Property Service

Recent developments in the regulation of cross-border technology and licensing agreements in Nigeria

This article analyses the National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP) Act that prescribes the registration of certain cross-border agreements largely concerning intellectual property and management services involving Nigerians and foreigners. It discusses the policy underpinning this obligation to register. It reviews the recent amendment of the NOTAP Act. It scrutinizes the debate that suggests that the non-registration of NOTAP registrable agreements makes those agreements illegal and unenforceable. It reviews the two appellate decisions on the issue and argues that, presently, it is erroneous to treat such registrable agreements as illegal. Today, the only effect of non-registration of registrable agreements is that foreign exchange fees, royalties and the like cannot be remitted through the Central Bank of Nigeria. The article highlights the possible commercial impact of such erroneous treatment of unregistered registrable agreements. The article examines whether the powers of NOTAP extend to making cross-border licensing and technology agreements between a Nigerian-based licensor and foreign-based entity registrable by NOTAP. It calls for an amendment of the NOTAP Act to make the registration of registrable agreements compulsory such that non-registration will make such agreements unenforceable.

The bilateral trade imbalances between the EU and China: Structure and trends

The EU and China are among the largest economies affecting the global economy and each other. The paper aims to determine the structure and trends in the trade relations between the EU and China from the perspective of trade imbalances. Net export index (–29% in 2021) and the difference between export and import growth rates (–9% in 2016-2021) were calculated as the indicators of competitiveness of the economies relative to each other. Correlation coefficients and regression models were used to estimate the effects of several factors on the net export index. The EU has a surplus in services trade with China (21% of the trade), but it does not cover a much larger bilateral merchandise trade deficit (–36%), which exists in most member states. Machinery and vehicles are the most important traded items. The net export index shows that the European Union is more competitive than China in nonfuel minerals, food, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, intellectual property, computer, travel, and sea transport services. The effect of the real exchange rates on the trade imbalances is not robust due to the large difference in regression coefficients for the real exchange rates based on consumer prices and unit labor costs. In recent years, the trade balance was not significantly affected by industrial output growth trends in the EU and China (except for the COVID-19 pandemic crisis when the relative competitiveness of China in its trade with the EU improved at least in the short run).

“Booster” or “Obstacle”: Can digital transformation improve energy efficiency? Firm-level evidence from China

To identify the influence of digital transformation on energy consumption, this paper introduces digitalization and energy elements into the multi-sector energy efficiency analysis model. Furthermore, this paper empirically tests the influence of digital transformation on energy efficiency from the micro level. The results show that the digital transformation indeed improves the enterprises energy efficiency, in which enterprises with higher energy efficiency are more affected. The improvement effect of digital transformation on enterprise energy efficiency continues to increase over time. In comparison, digital transformation shows more effective improvement effect on energy efficiency in enterprises that substantive transformation priority, with same group and maturity stage. Mechanism analysis shows that digital transformation can improve the energy efficiency of enterprises by reducing costs, increasing income, improving production efficiency and promoting technological innovation. In addition, the digital inclusive finance, government subsidies, intellectual property protection and service industry opening show positive regulatory effects. This paper proposes that, with the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, enterprises should actively increase digital investment and strengthen digital management of energy utilization.

CIPSI: An open chemical intellectual property service for medicinal chemists.

The availability of patent chemical data offers public access to a chemical space that is not well covered by other sources collecting small molecules from scholarly literature. However, open applications to facilitate the search and analysis of biologically-relevant molecular structures present in patents are still largely missing. We have developed CIPSI, an open Chemical Intellectual Property Service @ IMIM to assist medicinal chemists in searching and analysing molecules in SureChEMBL patents. The current version contains 6,240,500 molecules from 236,689 pharmacological patents, of which 5,949,214 are confidently assigned to core chemical structures reminiscent of the Markush structure in the patent claim. The platform includes some graphical tools to facilitate comparative patent analyses between drugs, chemical substructures, and company assignees. CIPSI is available at https://cipsi.org.

Development and validation of the intellectual property services scale in China

Existing studies have emphasized the crucial role of intellectual property services (IPS) in the advancement of science and technology, but there was still a lack of a valid scale for assessing IPS. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop a reliable instrument to fill this gap. A three-step process of scale development was described: item generation through grounded theory research (n = 14), scale development through exploratory factor analysis (n = 219) and scale assessment through confirmatory factor analysis (n = 191). By analyzing and coding the interview data drawn from IPS agencies in China, the study verified that IPS could be represented as a three-dimensional construct consisting of vocational skills services (VSS), commercial operation services (COS), and value-added business services (VBS). The subsequent exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to test and modify the IPS scale with 11 items was shown to have acceptable internal consistency reliability, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. The IPS scale could serve as an operational tool for IPS practitioners to measure and identify the problems of service quality and service mode. Additionally, it held significant theoretical value and practical implications for the advancement of intellectual property services industry in China.

Institutional innovation essence and knowledge innovation goal of intellectual property law in the big data era

This work aims to expand the understanding on the nature of institutional innovation and the goal of knowledge innovation of intellectual property (IP) law in the era of big data (BD) and to avoid the risks of information security in the IP service system. On the basis of the era of BD, the nature of institutional innovation and the goal of knowledge innovation in IP law are systematically discussed. Combined with smart contract (SC) technology, an IP service system based on blockchain technology is designed to ensure the security of IP services. The SC is optimized from the perspective of concurrency, and the contract transactions (CTs) are clustered. Moreover, considering the execution time (ET) and available resources of CTs, a speculative concurrency control algorithm that can realize intelligent contract scheduling is proposed. On the basis of the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) algorithm, a policy-updatable attribute encryption algorithm is designed. The improved CP-ABE algorithm includes six steps: system initialization, attribute private key generation, encryption, decryption, ciphertext policy generation, and ciphertext policy update. The identity parameter of the traceability manager is introduced into the improved CP-ABE scheme, which significantly increases the amount of computation of bilinear mapping, thus resulting in the time cost of encryption and decryption being approximately 350 ms and 300 ms higher than that of the CP-ABE scheme. Using the technical mode of “blockchain + SC,” the design of the IP service system is realized, which has important reference value for the institutional innovation of IP law.

Scientific and technological achievements - intelligent management platform of intellectual property in universities

As many platforms on the market are of different quality, it is difficult to ensure the security of intellectual property rights, while many university campus websites lack the embedding of intellectual property management platform, which is not conducive to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of intellectual property rights in universities. In the "Outline for the Construction of a Strong Intellectual Property State (2021 - 2035)"[1], it is clearly pointed out that the construction of a strong intellectual property state should be promoted in an integrated manner, the level of intellectual property creation, application, protection, management and service should be improved comprehensively, and the important role of intellectual property system in the construction of socialist modernization should be given full play. It is divided into three major sections: patent, trademark and copyright, to realize intelligent and safe management of customers, and at the same time provide professional IPR application services, laws and regulations publicity, application documents information, etc., which helps to accelerate the transformation of achievements of universities and enterprises. The purpose is to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of universities, and it can also be applied to enterprises to maintain, manage and protect the intellectual property rights of rights holders for universities and enterprises [2]. In the future, the database of the platform can be expanded for deep learning-based IPR management to promote the integration of Internet application, management, transaction, and maintenance of IPR.

The legal and organizational principles of attestation of candidates to patent attorneys

Keywords: intellectual property, attestation, representation, legal status, patent attorneys
 The article is devoted to the study of the organizational and legal principles of attestation of candidates to patent attorneys in Ukraine. The article analyses formation and development of the institute of patent attorneys in the context of obtaining the legal status of a patent attorney and adducesperiodization of the stages of development of the attestation procedure from 1994 to2022. The possibility is substantiated of conditional distinguishing of four stages. The first stage of formation of legal bases of the institute of patent attorneys in Ukraine (1994−1996) is connected with creation of legal bases of functioning of the institute, definition of standard and requirements for obtaining the legal status of a patent attorney, introduction of procedure of attestation of candidates to patent attorneys, formation of community of patent attorneys. The second stage of the development of the institute of patent attorneys conditionallylasted from 1996 to 2016 and is conditionally characterized as a period of strong development of the patent attorneys community, in particular by regular attestation, the creation of the first professional association of patent attorneys and their active assistance in the development of intellectual property protection.
 The third stage, which has been ongoing from 2017 to the present, is actually characterized by the suspension of attestation and the block of the possibility of obtaining the legal status of a patent attorney. It has been established that the result of the reform of the system of legal protection of intellectual property, in particular the liquidation of the State Intellectual Property Service and the subordination of the relevant sphere of intellectual property to the competence of the Ministry of Economy, was the suspension of the attestation procedure. The exclusion from participation in the attestation procedure of the educationalinstitution, based on which attestation and transfer of the relevant functions to the subordinate enterprise took place, partially complicated the continuation of the attestation procedure. The expulsion from participation of the educational institution in the attestation procedure, because of which the attestation took place and transfer of the relevant functions to the subordinate enterprise, partially complicated the continuation of the attestation procedure. The attention has been drawn to the absence of the corresponding order of the Ministry of Economy on the approval of composition of the Attestation and the Appeal Commission. The authors have described the prospects for the development of the attestation procedure at the fourth stage, which can tentatively begin in 2022.

Promote or inhibit? The effect of the whole chain development of intellectual property on manufacturing firm performance.

With the promotion of intellectual property strategy, the whole chain development of intellectual property environment faced by manufacturing firms has been improved, but the effect of the whole chain development of intellectual property on firm performance still needs to be studied. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the whole chain development of intellectual property on different types of manufacturing firm performance. A panel regression model is constructed based on listed manufacturing firms from 2010 to 2020, and this is tested empirically. The results of the study show that the whole chain development of intellectual property has a promotion effect on manufacturing firm performance, among which the promotion effect of intellectual property services is the strongest, followed by intellectual property utilization and intellectual property creation, and the promotion effect of intellectual property management has a significant lag, while the relationship between intellectual property protection and manufacturing firms performance is significantly negative. The promotion effect of the whole chain development of intellectual property on different types of manufacturing firm performance is heterogeneous, and the promotion effect of the whole chain development of intellectual property on the performance of small-scale, non-state-owned, medium-high-technology manufacturing firms is stronger than that of large-scale, state-owned, low-technology manufacturing firms. This study not only extends the research direction of intellectual property, but also adds to the literature on firm performance. In addition, the findings of this paper help government authorities to further optimize the strategic layout of the whole chain development of intellectual property, promote manufacturing firms to solve internal management problems, and achieve a positive interaction between the top-level design of the intellectual property and the bottom-level logic of manufacturing firms.

독성물질 특허분석 및 모니터링을 위한 헬스케어 IP(Intellectual Property) 서비스 시스템 모형 구축

독성물질 특허분석 및 모니터링을 위한 헬스케어 IP(Intellectual Property) 서비스 시스템 모형 구축

ЕКСПОРТ ПОСЛУГ ДО ВЕЛИКОЇ БРИТАНІЇ В КОНТЕКСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ

Exports of services is one of the key factors for successful fulfillment of Ukraine’s integration potential. The study focuses on Ukraine’s trade in services with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the context of the signed Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement. On March 20, 2023 the Digital Trade Agreement between Ukraine and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is signed. The analysis of the data taken from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine allows to consider the dynamics of exports, imports, balance of trade in services between 2016 and 2021. The results show that: firstly, exports of services to Great Britain in 2016 – 462.9 mln USD or 4.69% of all exports of services of Ukraine, while in 2021 – 784.5 mln USD or 6.14%; secondly, the share of services imports from Great Britain in the total services imports of Ukraine has been decreasing – from 10.57% in 2016 to 7.64% in 2021; however, imports of services from the United Kingdom in 2016 – 563.1 mln USD, while in 2021 – 609.6 mln USD. Thirdly, during the period under review the turnover of services increased from 1026.0 mln USD in 2016 to 1394.0 mln USD in 2021. Fourthly, in 2016 the balance of trade in services is negative of 100.3 mln USD and in 2021 it is positive of 175.97 mln USD. It is underlined that in 2021 Great Britain occupies the fourth place among the major partner countries of Ukraine in exports of services and the third place among the major partner countries in imports of services. In 2021, according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the main types of services exported to Great Britain are the following: services in the sphere of telecommunications, computer and information services – 497.3 mln USD or 62% with positive balance of 426.4 mln USD; transport services – 153.4 mln USD or 19.1% with positive balance of 116.8 mln USD, and business services –109.5 mln USD or 13.6% with negative balance of 52.0 mln USD. In 2021 the main types of services imported from the United Kingdom are: business services – 161.5 mln USD or 27,2%; financial services – 88.9 mln USD or 15% with negative balance of 86.6 mln USD; travel services – 87.5 mln USD or 14.7% with negative balance of 76.6 mln USD; royalty and other intellectual property services – 86.6 mln USD or 14.6% with negative balance of 82.2 mln USD; services in the sphere of telecommunications, computer and information services – 70.9 mln USD or 11.9%. Overall, the integration processes between the two countries, revealed through the trade in services, have been strengthened.

Determination of Zero Rupiah Rate Against Non-Tax State Revenue for Intellectual Property Rights Services

The government continues to encourage the public to innovate to grow intellectual property by providing protection and legal certainty, including the application of Non-Tax State Revenue (Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak - PNBP) of Zero Rupiah. The problem is how to set a zero IDR Rupiah rate on non-tax state revenues for intellectual property services. The research method used is normative juridical. Provision of a non-tax state revenue rate of zero rupiahs determined based on certain conditions for intellectual property services such as social, religious, and state activities, and given specifically to underprivileged communities, students or /college students, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, or force majeure conditions, as well as activities that support the programs of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, especially the Directorate General of Intellectual Property. Optimization of the budget or the achievement of PNBP in the Directorate of Intellectual Participation needs to be monitored and evaluated every year. Therefore, it is necessary to have a legal basis in the form of a Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights concerning the Amount, Requirements, and Procedures for the imposition of Non-Zero Rupiah State Revenue Rates for Intellectual Property Services by first through the approval of the Minister of Finance

An improved entity recognition approach to cyber-social knowledge provision of intellectual property using a CRF-LSTM model

• An improved deep learning model using CRF and Bi-LSTM is given to achieve named entity recognition with unbalanced labels. • An adaptive G-Score is used to compare the fitting ability of models by evaluating the gap between Precision and Recall. • A multiclassification cross-entropy loss function has been presented for training with additional weights. With the development of cutting-edge IT technologies, e.g. Big Data, Knowledge Engineering , etc., traditional Intellectual Property (IP) services have depicted high redundancy and low efficiency during management of such large-scale of data. Recent advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) models has been accelerating relevant research activities being investigated on Knowledge Graph (KG) schemes and applications in different domains, such as medical services, social media, etc. However, when IP services and their cyber-social provision are taken into account, relevant approaches suffer from unbalanced labels against training results, and inappropriate evaluation metrics not well reflecting the impact of the unbalance. In this paper, a deep learning model combining Conditional Random Field and Bidirectional LSTM has been proposed, in order to achieve named entity recognition with unbalanced labels. An adaptive metric, G-Score was introduced to compare the fitting ability of models by evaluating the gap between Precision and Recall. According to the results, the proposed model can effectively recognize the potential named entities with outperformance over other relevant models.

북한 브랜드 연구

This study aims to understand the current status of brands of North Korea through trademarks registered in the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO), a global forum related to Intellectual Property(IP) services, including trademarks and patents. Since Kim Jong-un called for the implementation of the Socialist Corporate Responsible Management System in 2014, more than 50 trademarks of North Korea have been registered in WIPO until now. However, analysis and research on each brand of North Korea have not been actively conducted. In particular, not much research was trying to academically analyze brands of North Korea that are registered in global organizations. As so, this study will be a valuable guide to related research in the future.

Security-driven distributed platforms for intellectual property resource provision - a case study of TSITE IP

In the information age, with the vigorous development of big data and artificial intelligence, intellectual property protection is an essential part of the current scientific and technological development. Intellectual property related data grows in a geometric progression, so the demand for IP data storage space is also increasing day by day. With the rise of cloud computing technology, intellectual property data distributed platforms based on cloud storage have also been produced one after another. Because the biggest feature of cloud storage is that storage is a service, it puts forward higher requirements for the intellectual property service industry. Firstly, it introduces the domestic intellectual property cloud platform services from the perspectives of government support, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises; Secondly, four typical distributed platforms provided by commercial resources are selected to introduce their operation modes, focusing on the problems faced by domestic intellectual property service modes; Secondly, it compares and discusses the current situation of domestic intellectual property distributed platforms; Then, aiming at the current domestic intellectual property service mode, taking tsite as an example, this paper puts forward the design and construction strategy of intellectual property protection, intellectual property operation service distributed platform and operation service mode under the background of information age.

Leadership Ignoring Paradox to Maintain Inertial Order

ABSTRACT Paradoxical inertia is an organization condition that has received far less attention than organizational change. We investigate, ethnographically, an Australian Intellectual Property service firm, whose Board members proved to be unable to respond strategically to a rapidly changing environment that threatened their organization’s survival. In the face of discontinuous change, this failure to address the management of paradoxes threatening embedded routines reinforced a paralysing inertia. Extant research has emphasized how managers handle paradox; we discuss how they fail to do so. The inertia is derived from the finessing of tensions as non-issues. Constituted as non-issues there were non-decisions about these tensions that maintained internal stability and harmony; they did so, however, in world of change increasingly disrespectful of internal concerns for ongoing professional stability and harmony. The inability to become collectively and critically aware of the specific forms of inertia undermined recursive learning and thus the transformation of the sensemaking practices of the Board. MAD statement Paradox theory invites managers to approach the complexities of the world with an integrate both-and type of approach. In this perspective, paradox may offer new solutions to problems by recentering attention from dualistic frames to sophisticated dualities. This reasoning sounds appealing but dualities may be difficult to manage and to sustain. Not much is known yet about the obstacles to a paradoxical mindset. In this article we explore how paradoxical leadership may be easier said than done and highlight reasons, including inertia, that may impede managers from making paradoxes salient and therefore manageable. This helps explain the hardship of paradox management in practice.

Boosting the Strategy of Innovation-Driven Development: Intellectual Property Services in China’s Universities

This study investigates 23 China’s universities which set up the first batch of national intellectual property service centers from three dimensions of service contents, service methods and service basis. It is found that there exist such problems as improper setting of service columns, lack of systematic service contents, insufficient service initiative, lack of tool and resource recommendation ability and lack of institutional norms. Users have different demands for intellectual property services in the four main research stages of topic selection, project implementation, project conclusion and achievement management. On the basis of the current situation and user needs, this study constructs an intellectual property service framework around the research lifecycle. The follow-up development suggestions are put forward, so as to provide reference for the orderly development of intellectual property services in China’s universities.

Development of the intellectual property service in Ukraine on the example of the Institute of oilseed crops of the NAAS

The history of development of industrial property of Ukraine, objects of intellectual property and relations which arise at their creation and use are considered. The main results of scientific research on the creation of intellectual property of the Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (hereinafter IOC NAAS) are highlighted and analyzed. The research was conducted as part of the ongoing monitoring of intellectual property legislation on the legal protection of research results of the IOC NAAS and as part of marketing and patent research to position the institution as an originator of oilseeds. The purpose of the research is to investigate changes in the legislation on industrial property of Ukraine, intellectual property objects and relations that arise during their creation and use, to analyze the main results of scientific research on the creation of intellectual property objects of IOC NAAS (2001–2020). In the process of research, for a detailed study of the stages of the formation of patent legislation, legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine were used concerning the regulation of intellectual activity and intellectual property, materials from professional periodicals, articles and abstracts published in scientific collections and materials of scientific and practical conferences, Internet resources, monographs and printed works of scientists, manuals, patents and inventions for useful models of the IOC NAAS. Research methods – quantitative, qualitative and comparative analysis. Methodology – according to the algorithm of constant monitoring and conducting patent and marketing research. The term "intellectual property" was first used in the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), adopted in Stockholm on July 14, 1967, and since then the term has been used in international conventions and legislation in many countries. The day of the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Property» in 1991 is considered to be the beginning of the formation of the legislation of Ukraine on intellectual property. This law for the first time recognized the results of intellectual activity as objects of property rights. At present, ensuring the implementation of state policy in the field of protection of rights to inventions and utility models in Ukraine is provided by the Ukrainian Institute of Intellectual Property (Ukrpatent) and belongs to the Ministry of Economic Development of Ukraine. IOC NAAS – a leading scientific institution in genetics, biotechnology, breeding and cultivation of basic and niche oilseeds, which focuses on the development of theoretical foundations of breeding, creation of modern breeding material, development of optimal agricultural techniques for its cultivation, organization of primary and industrial seed production, for the development and improvement of technical means and machines for separation, purification and waste-free processing of oilseeds. During the existence of the IOC NAAS, scientists have created 87 objects of patent law. The novelty and originality of scientific developments are confirmed by patents for inventions and utility models. At the time of writing, the Institute supports 23 patents.

Improving the Assets Accounting: In the Citical Period

This article provides information on the impact of the pandemic on intellectual property and its consequences, the activities of companies providing intellectual property services in the context of the pandemic, the intellectual ecosystem. Also, this article is devoted to the consideration of issues related to the creation of the intellectual property ecosystem throughout the world, research and experimental developments, r&d expenses, as well as accounting and assessment of inovation products.