Intellectual Limitations Research Articles

Representasi Karakter Utama dalam Film My Idiot Brother 2014

This study aims to analyze the emotional representation of characters with intellectual limitations in the film My Idiot Brother. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the aim of describing the emotional meaning displayed by the characters in the film My Idiot Brother using a semiotic approach. The focus of the research is how the main character, Hendra, displays emotions such as anger, sadness, emotion, and happiness to convey a moral message about acceptance and empathy. Data is collected through repeated observation and documentation of cutouts of relevant scenes. Semiotic analysis is carried out to interpret the symbolic meaning of the expression of the character. The results indicate that the visualized emotions reflect social dynamics within a family with a member who has special needs, underscoring the importance of family support free from stigma. These findings demonstrate the role of film in shaping public perceptions of individuals with disabilities and fostering social inclusion. This study contributes to the discourse on character representation in media and promotes inclusivity

Artificial intelligence knowledge, attitudes and application perspectives of undergraduate and specialty students of faculty of dentistry in Turkey: an online survey research

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of fourth- and fifth-year undergraduate as well as specialty dentistry students in Turkey concerning artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications.MethodsThe study was conducted between October 16, 2023, and January 16, 2024, with participants consisting of volunteers from dental faculties in Turkey. A total of 335 undergraduate students and 62 specialty students participated in the survey, which utilized non-probability convenience and snowball sampling methods. Cronbach’s alpha was utilized to measure the internal consistency of the scale. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 26.0, with quantitative data presented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical data as frequency (percentage). The statistical level was set at 0.05, and the analysis involved Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests.ResultsThe results indicate that undergraduate and specialty students perceive the integration of large datasets as the primary advantage of AI. The speed, objectivity, and potential to reduce misdiagnosis rates associated with AI are also highlighted. Undergraduate students express more significant concern about the impact of AI on patient understanding and empathy compared to specialty students. Additionally, both groups strongly advocate for the inclusion of AI-related courses in dental education and acknowledge the indispensability of AI in dental practice. The significant roles of AI in dentistry, such as providing evidence-based dental approaches and compensating for human intellectual limitations, are widely recognized. Furthermore, consensus exists that AI will primarily assist in diagnosis and treatment decisions.ConclusionsThe findings emphasize the importance of cautiously managing AI’s role in healthcare services and underscore the need to prioritize patient privacy and data security. AI should be regarded as a complement to the work of dental professionals rather than a substitute. The study recommends further research involving a larger and more diverse sample to obtain a comprehensive understanding of attitudes toward AI in dentistry.

THE QUESTION OF GOD’S EXISTENCE: PARTIAL EVIDENCE, DISAGREEMENT AND INTELLECTUAL HUMILITY

In this article, I begin by arguing that justification of religious beliefs can involve at least two types of defeaters, namely partial evidence and peer disagreements. Belief in the existence (or nonexistence) of God, for example, is based on partial evidence. The body of evidence for this question is huge. No one is apt to consider all information and all arguments about the topic. In topics like this we have only partial evidence. Besides, there is persistent disagreement on the question of God’s existence. Theists and atheists have never come to an ultimate answer. The disagreement with epistemic peers is also a sort of defeater for our religious beliefs. Thus, in the face of this scenario of dispute and defeaters, I argue for an attitude of intellectual humility. This intellectual virtue consists in owning or accepting our intellectual limitations. In this case, independently of having a belief in favor of or against God’s existence, both parties in the dispute – theists and atheists – should recognize their intellectual limitations and reduce confidence in their own beliefs.

Urdu-Language Translation and Validation of the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) Tool: A Focus on Connotation and Context.

Background Suicide is a significant cause of death in the world, and Pakistan, a low- and middle-income country, is no exception. Despite the increasing number of suicides, Pakistan does not have a validated suicide risk screening tool to identify suicide risk in the national language, Urdu, accurately. This study aims to translate and validate the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) tool into Urdu for suicide risk screening in Pakistan. Methodology We conducted this study at the Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), a large teaching hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, after receiving the approval of the SIMS Institutional Review Board. The study used a cross-sectional instrument validation study design. The inclusion criteria were youth and adults of both sexes aged 15-45 years, with an ability to understand, speak, read, and write in the Urdu language, who had no cognitive or intellectual limitation to consenting, and who were medically stable to participate. Exclusion criteria included any medical, physical, or cognitive unstable condition to consent or participate. We enrolled 300 participants in our convenience sample from the emergency department (ED), inpatient, and outpatient settings. The ASQ and the ASQ Brief Suicide Safety Assessment (BSSA) were translated and back-translated by Urdu language experts and modified to accommodate cultural and linguistic nuances. The clinician-administered BSSA Urdu version was used as a standard criterion to validate the ASQ by comparing the ASQ-Urdu responses vs. BSSA-Urdu responses. RStudio (version 2023.09.1+494) was used for statistical analyses Results The sample had an enrollment rate of 99.7% (300/301). The sample was 52% female (158/300); the mean age was 27.1 years (SD = 9.4), the overall screen-positive rate was 41.7% (125/300), and 9.3% (28/300) of the participants endorsed a past suicide attempt. In our sample, 35.9% (33/92) of outpatients, 32.2% (19/59) of inpatients, and 49.0% (73/149) of ED patients screened positive on the Urdu ASQ. The screen-positive rate was 16.9% (10/59) for participants aged 17 years and younger, 40.7% (35/86) for participants aged 18 to 25 years, and 51.6% (80/155) for participants aged 26 years and older. Compared to the criterion standard clinician-administered assessment, the Urdu ASQ had a sensitivity of 94.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 85.8%-98.4%), a specificity of 73.9% (95% CI = 67.7%-79.5%), a negative predictive value of 97.7% (95% CI = 94.2%-99.1%), and a positive predictive value of 52.0% (95% CI = 46.4%-57.6%). Conclusions The Urdu ASQ has strong psychometric properties, allowing healthcare professionals in Pakistan and worldwide with Urdu-speaking diaspora to identify individuals at risk for suicide efficiently. Utilizing cultural contexts in adapted screening tools improves the accuracy of suicide detection by ensuring that the tools are relevant, sensitive, and respectful to the cultural context of the individuals being assessed. High screen-positive rates in our pilot study underscore the need for early detection and intervention of suicide as a major global public health problem.

Implementation of Law Number 8 of 2016 Regarding Legal Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia

sensory limitations who, in interacting with their surrounding environment, still experience obstacles and difficulties in participating fully and actively in society. Apart from having limitations in physical aspects, intellectual limitations, mental limitations, the definition is often also added, namely those who have difficulty participating fully and effectively with other communities. The problem in this research is how is the implementation of Law No. 8 of 2016 regarding the legal protection of persons with disabilities in Indonesia? How is the implementation of Law No. 8 of 2016 towards fulfilling the rights of persons with disabilities in Indonesia? This research method uses a normative juridical approach, with secondary data collection, to prove legal protection and fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities. The data obtained was analyzed qualitatively. Based on the research results, it was found that legal protection by the government for people with disabilities is made in the form of statutory regulations such as Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. However, legal protection is not yet effective and is still repressive in nature. Even though there is a law, discrimination still occurs. This happens because there is little knowledge and awareness among the public, including business actors. The responsibility lies with the government but society itself also causes discrimination against people with disabilities. This law regulates the rights of persons with disabilities to be free from torture or cruel, inhumane, degrading treatment, free from exploitation, violence and ill-treatment, as well as the right to have respect for their mental and physical integrity based on equality with other people. . For this reason, the Government is obliged to realize the rights of persons with disabilities as regulated in this Law, including ensuring the fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities in all aspects of life. So that the implementation of respect, protection and fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities can be realized optimally.

Peluang dan Tantangan Penyandang Disabilitas Dalam Dunia Kerja

The position of humans in the eyes of God is considered equal, but often it is humans themselves who create differences in treatment towards fellow humans. This differential treatment is particularly felt by individuals with physical, mental, or intellectual limitations, known as people with disabilities. Disability is defined as a condition in which someone experiences long-term physical, intellectual, mental, and/or sensory limitations, resulting in obstacles and difficulties in social interaction. This article discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by people with disabilities in the workplace, as well as the government's role in creating inclusive employment opportunities and laws that protect their rights in the workplace. Despite the existence of many laws regulating this matter, people with disabilities often still face discrimination in the workplace. The method used in writing this article is through literature review, involving understanding and learning theories relevant to the topic.

Challenges Experienced by Caregivers in Communicating with Children with Severe to Profound Intellectual Disabilities

<i>Background</i>: Children with severe to profound intellectual disabilities (SPID) may have complex and numerous disabilities, such as intellectual limits and severe deficits in bodily functions. This disorder is typified by issues with speech, language, mobility, agility, and emotional issues providing quality education in appropriate special care centres for children who present with such complex conditions is challenging.<i> Objective</i>: This study explored and described the experiences of caregivers in communicating with children with severe to profound intellectual disabilities in selected special care centres in Gauteng Province.<i> Method</i>: This study followed a qualitative approach and data collection was gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews, observations in the classroom corroborated children and caregiver`s communication behavior, and document analysis. Eight caregivers were purposively selected to participate in the study. The theory underpinning this study are Ubuntu and Attachment theories. The theories provided the study's foundation and emphasized caring as the central component and influence communication.<i> Result</i>: The thematic analysis revealed the key areas of support needs. The following themes emerged and are as follows: Communication strategies used for children with SPID and, experiences of caregivers in supporting children with SPID. Through these themes the research questions were answered.<i> Conclusion</i>: The study revealed that caregivers' inadequate communication abilities prevent them from responding to the needs of children with SPID. To meet the communication needs of children with SPID, communication requires, relevant communication devices or resources, collaboration with other stakeholders and a qualified trained caregiver.

Effects of intellectual humility in the context of affective polarization: Approaching and avoiding others in controversial political discussions.

Affective polarization, the extent to which political actors treat each other as disliked outgroups, is challenging political exchange and deliberation, for example, via mistrust of the "political enemy" and unwillingness to discuss political topics with them. The present experiments address this problem and study what makes people approach, and not avoid, potential discussion partners in the context of polarized political topics in Germany. We hypothesized that intellectual humility, the recognition of one's intellectual limitations, would predict both less affective polarization and higher approach and lower avoidance tendencies toward contrary-minded others. Across four preregistered online-survey experiments (N = 1,668), we manipulated how intellectually humble a target person was perceived and measured participants' self-reported (topic-specific) intellectual humility. Results revealed that participants' intellectual humility was consistently negatively correlated with affective polarization. Additionally, intellectual humility of both the target person and the participants was beneficial, and sometimes even necessary, to make participants approach, and not avoid, the target person. Intellectual humility was more important than moral conviction, opinion, and opinion strength. Furthermore, the effects on approach and avoidance were mediated by more positive expectations regarding the debate, and the effects on future willingness for contact by higher target liking. Our findings suggest that intellectual humility is an important characteristic to enable political exchange as it leads to seeing political outgroups more positively and to a higher willingness to engage in intergroup contact. Implications for intergroup contact of political groups as well as ideas for future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Цивилизационная основа бытийственности институционального человека

Introduction. Atheistic literature insists that religious faith owes its origin to human ignorance. In its turn, this ‘ignorance’ of a person is closely connected with the ontological foundations of an institutional person determining the civilizational basis of his or her beingness. Theoretical analysis. Overcoming intellectual limitation the study of the ontological foundations of the formation of social being is now acquiring important scientific and socio-political significance in the development of social space. Considering the existence of a person through the category of an institutional person the philosophical concept of an institutional person involves diverse studies including both the analysis of the civilizational basis of the beingness of the social space and the living space of a person as mutually conditioned categories connected with historical tasks. Empirical analysis. Despite the perfect understanding of the laws of dialectics, the effect of the laws of the development of social being in the context of the tasks of history remains a poorly developed problem at the present time. Revealing the interdependence of the laws of self-organization and organization of being a new knowledge is born, and the civilizational basis of the beingness of an institutional person expands. Conclusion. The expanding possibilities of the civilization that has entered the space entail changes in the organization of social life. New meanings of an institutional person – a person of the universe system – are emerging.

Sexuality and/in Arab cinema: Problems in theory

Despite and perhaps because of Joseph Massad’s scathing critique of the ‘Gay International’, and of Israeli ‘pinkwashing’ efforts, scholarly theorization of sexuality in Arab cinema has been minimal. Within this context, upon which this article elaborates, I offer recommendations for scholarly movement forward in the area of Arab film sexualities, by analysing the intellectual limitations of extant allegorical and auteurist approaches to the subject, and in turn suggest conceptual means towards a more substantive film analytic praxis. In so doing, I draw from critiques of Massad’s position as well as of the pinkwashing agenda, both of which have emerged from and around an interdisciplinary array of texts focusing on homonationalism, homonormativity and homocapitalism; while critiquing the concomitant fact that the majority of such texts marginalize or absent Arab same sexualities and Middle Eastern cultures generally, insofar as they retain an unproblematized transnationalist orientation.

Tratamento ortodôntico de um paciente com necessidades especiais: um relato de caso

ABSTRACT This report presents the case of an adult patient with mental and intellectual limitations, whose main complaint was dental aesthetics. Dental treatment was performed at the Piracicaba Dental School and approved by the Ethics Committee (CAAE: 65752322.2.0000.5418). Clinically, the patient had inadequacies in the dental arrangement, with periodontal involvement that put the dental elements at risk. In intraoral clinical aspects, the deficiency was identified as maxillary atresia. The buccolingual inclination of the mandibular anterior teeth highlighted the severe crowding and anterior crossing of these teeth. Dental treatment was carried out aiming at the remission of periodontal and orthodontic problems in an integrated manner and with approaches that allowed greater interaction, participation, and patient compliance during treatment. Supra and subgingival scrapings and extraction of the upper left lateral incisor were performed. After three months of periodontal treatment, orthodontic treatment was started with fixed orthodontic appliances. The main objective was to level and align the teeth in both arches to achieve better aesthetic and functional conditions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, treatment has been discontinued. This resulted in the regression of the results obtained, including regarding self-care. People with disabilities require dental care with specific strategies for their needs, which must be carried out by a multidisciplinary team. Despite the access limitation imposed by the pandemic, the patient reestablished his motivation to restart treatment, which was facilitated by the bond of trust established between him and the team.

Brain functional and structural changes in diabetic children. How can intellectual development be optimized in type 1 diabetes?

The neuropsychological functioning of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is of key importance to the effectiveness of the therapy, which, in its complexity, requires a great deal of knowledge, attention, and commitment. Intellectual limitations make it difficult to achieve the optimal metabolic balance, and a lack of this alignment can contribute to the further deterioration of cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to provide a narrative review of the current state of knowledge regarding the influence of diabetes on brain structure and functions during childhood and also to present possible actions to optimize intellectual development in children with T1D. Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature using selected keywords. The results were summarized using a narrative synthesis. Disturbances in glucose metabolism during childhood may have a lasting negative effect on the development of the brain and related cognitive functions. To optimize intellectual development in children with diabetes, it is essential to prevent disorders of the central nervous system by maintaining peri-normal glycemic levels. Based on the performed literature review, it seems necessary to take additional actions, including repeated neuropsychological evaluation with early detection of any cognitive dysfunctions, followed by the development of individual management strategies and the training of appropriate skills, together with complex, multidirectional environmental support.

Islamic Foreign Policy: Principle and Practices

Islam is a religion and an ideology encompassing all aspects of human life. However, many Muslims currently misunderstand and misinterpret the holistic concept of Islam. This can be attributed to the intellectual limitations within the Muslim community and the influence of secularism and liberalism across the Islamic world. This article aims to clarify Islam's perspective on domestic and foreign politics, including its principles, objectives, and practices. This article employs a qualitative approach through gathering data from Islamic sources and other relevant sources to examine foreign policy concepts. This paper argues that Islam forms the foundation of Islamic foreign policy to disseminate its message (da'wah), which can be practised by way of either peaceful approaches (diplomacy) or forceful means (warfare). Moreover, with respect to practical considerations as regards optimising foreign policy interests, reliable expert analysis can be sought on matters such as negotiation strategies and war. As this is an elaboration on Islamic foreign policy in general, this article proposes that more detail and practical Islamic foreign policy issues should be conducted with regard to future research. 
 

Effectiveness of Animated Video Media in Enhancing Oral Health Knowledge Among Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities often face lower oral healthcare knowledge levels than their typically developing peers. This disparity arises from intellectual limitations and adaptive functioning challenges. Effective educational tools are crucial to improving the oral health knowledge of children with intellectual disabilities, and one such tool is animated video media.
 Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental design, with a purposive sample of 32 respondents. The independent variable was the delivery of oral health education through animated video media, while the dependent variable was the knowledge of oral health maintenance. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis involved the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Mann-Whitney test.
 Result: Prior to the educational intervention using animated video media, the average knowledge score regarding oral health maintenance was 4.06. Following the intervention, the average score significantly increased to 9.62. Additionally, the distribution of the difference between the treatment and control groups in terms of oral health knowledge showed a mean difference of 24.25 compared to 8.75. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the treatment and control groups (P=0.000).
 Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of animated video media in significantly improving oral health knowledge among children with intellectual disabilities. The findings underscore the potential of multimedia educational tools to bridge knowledge gaps and enhance oral health outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Pelatihan Keterampilan Dengan Teknik Laminasi Triplek Di SLB Paedagogia Maospati Kabupaten Magetan

The opportunity to practice, try and be independent is the right of all human beings. In reality, there are still human beings who find it difficult to get the opportunity to practice and develop themselves with the new skills that exist. Opportunities to get training are sometimes not considered for people with disabilities. Physical, mental and intellectual limitations become a barrier to be equal with non-disabled people. Activity limitations are not an excuse not to study and practice. Human ability has a tendency to understand a skill that is given the right method and the right practical understanding. Easy understanding, innovation in implementation methods is a solution for people with disabilities. Ability does not appear suddenly but requires assistance. The implementation of training activities for people with disabilities carried out by the community service team at SLB Paedagogia Maospati – Kabupaten Magetan provided a positive stimulus. The formation of an understanding of how easy it is to make a bench that has aesthetic, functional and economic value. Through the technique of lamination of plywood on curved moldings, the students understand one of the carpentry techniques. With a pedagogic approach, the application of the lamination technique by simplifying the production stage makes it easy for students with disabilities. Inherent assistance that is carried out for students with disabilities is a means of transferring knowledge.

Aggressive Behavior in Children with Intellectual Limitations from The Teachers' Perspective

The current study aimed to identify the level of aggressive behavior of mentally limited children from the teachers' point of view in and to determine the nature of the differences between the average responses of teachers of mentally limited students in diagnosing the level of aggressive behavior due to a variable gender, academic qualification and years of experience. The study sample consisted of (100) male and female teachers from the category of mentally retarded children in Jerusalem. They were chosen by a simple random method using the aggressive behavior scale. The results concluded that the level of aggressive behavior came to medium degrees, that is, the presence of aggressive behavior among children with mental limitations from the teachers' point of view. The behaviors came in order: aggressive behavior towards oneself, aggressive behavior towards others, aggressive behavior towards objects and possessions, and verbal aggressive behavior. The results also showed no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05??) in the averages of teachers' responses to diagnosing the level of aggressive behavior. The results also show children with mental limitations in Jerusalem due to gender, educational qualification, and years of experience.

Tutorial Animation for Learning Entrepreneurship Skills to Improve The Economic Independence of SLB Students with Intellectual Limitations

The lack of entrepreneurial skills or life skills for Special School (SLB) students is one of the reasons why SLB graduates are still found not to be economically or financially independent. Therefore, optimal entrepreneurial skills assistance through community service programs is very important to do. This study aims to equip intellectually disabled students of Special Senior High School Purwosari Kudus with entrepreneurial skills and be able to be economically independent by training the students with entrepreneurial skills focusing on culinary art, batik making, and motorcycle washing using animated learning tutorials. The methods used as a solution to overcome the problem are (1) socialization, (2). entrepreneurship skills training with animated tutorials (3). Giving assistance to teachers and students in practicing entrepreneurship skills in the classroom and (4) empowerment. The results of this community service showed an increase in the knowledge and skills of students and teachers of SLB Pruwosari Kudus related to entrepreneurial skills in culinary art, batik making, and motorcycle washing after being given entrepreneurial skills training using animated tutorials. Considering the increasing knowledge and skills of students and teachers, it is hoped that after completing their studies, SLB students, especially SLB N Purwosari Kudus, will have sufficient provisions to be financially independent.Keyword: Vocational Skills, Special School, Intellectual Disability, Animation of Tutorial

Academic librarian perceptions of facilities and services for persons with visual impairments

Persons with disabilities have physical or intellectual limitations on doing things they want, especially finding information and increasing knowledge at the library. As an information center, the academic library must provide facilities and services for persons with disabilities. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of academic librarians regarding facilities and services for people with visual impairments. This study uses a qualitative approach through interviews with ten people: head librarians, librarians, functional persons in the disability service unit, and persons with visual impairments. The analysis revealed that, from the 12 conceptual themes identified in the qualitative data, the library's services remain suboptimal and essential facilities for visually impaired people are lacking. Data was gleaned through three methodologies: observation, interviews, and documentary analysis. There is no collaboration between university libraries, faculty libraries, disability service units, and students with disabilities, which affects the knowledge of the head of the library and librarians. The study concludes that the lack of accessibility and library policies for people with visual impairments and the lack of collaboration with disability service providers have impacted the librarians' professionalism.

Affective, cognitive, and environmental inductions of humility and intellectual humility that center on self-transcendence

ABSTRACT Three pre-registered experiments (N = 998) examined affective, cognitive, and environmental self-transcendent experiences aimed at eliciting general humility (GH) and intellectual humility (IH). In Study 1, self-transcendent positive emotions elicited IH and gratitude emerged as a noteworthy predictor. Self-transcendent emotions occur in response to stimuli that are difficult to grasp logically, which underscores one’s intellectual limitations. In Study 2, cognitive appraisals of sanctification – involving interpreting something as sacred – were predictive of greater IH. Phenomena that are considered sacred are often experienced as ineffable and unknowable, which likewise increases awareness of one’s intellectual limits. In Study 3, individuals walking in nature experienced higher levels of self-transcendent emotions, sanctification appraisals, and GH than individuals walking in other settings. Although much of the literature discusses GH and IH as traits, this research emphasizes that they also function as dynamic states that can shift in response to emotions, cognitions, and environmental contexts.

Global International Relations and Worlding Beyond the West: A Pedagogical Critique

Abstract This paper addresses the pedagogical implications of the “Global International Relations (GIR)” and “Worlding Beyond the West” agendas. These two programs have criticized IR’s Western-centrism and offered systematic ways to expand beyond IR’s Euro-Atlantic roots. Their development coincides with other high-profile theoretical and historiographic developments, not to mention societal imperatives, to expand the substantive remit of the discipline. However, the diversification agenda has been mostly concerned with the research output of IR and has treated the pedagogical side of IR’s intellectual life as a secondary consideration. Proponents of the GIR and Worlding agendas have yet to convert these programs into a classroom pedagogy. This paper fills that gap. It critiques the practical and intellectual limits of GIR and Worlding pedagogies. More importantly, it provides theoretically informed ways to transpose their diversification projects into the undergraduate classroom. In doing so, this paper bridges disciplinary analysis, IR theory, and IR pedagogy in an integrated analysis of IR’s much-needed attempts at diversification.