Intellectual Capital Resources Research Articles

Intellectual capital and human resources: A 26-year thematic systematic review

Intellectual capital is the sum of whatever organization resources that contribute to value and competitiveness of a company. Though some metrics have been developed for measuring individual and collective capabilities, from Human Resources point of view, it is difficult to translate the concept of “intellectual capital” into, for example, financial terms. To better understand the field, the aim this study is to draw a thematic analysis on the relations between Intellectual Capital and Human Resources. We provide an overview of publications and their course in this subject. We accessed two widely used databases (Scopus and Web of Science) to produce the review. We set a period of 26 years marked by the subject’s theme entry. In order to handle duplicates, we used RStudio Software and to manage the data we used Bibliometrix package tools, said: biblioshiny and thematic map. Our analysis revealed how intellectual capital and human resources are important for generating value in organizations. Some results explores innovative ways of managing these resources, such as integrating technological, commercial, organizational and cultural aspects, using dynamic systems modeling, investing in long-term strategies and in education and training, and studying the relationship between green intellectual capital and green human resources management.

From Theory to Practice: HRM Practices and Intellectual Capital in Fostering Innovation

In a rapidly changing business environment, organizational innovation and employee innovative work behavior are the basis for high organizational performance and long-term success. Against this background, the purpose of this study is to propose a conceptual model that links knowledge-based human resource management and intellectual capital and collaborative human resource management practices to innovative behavior at the level of the employee in the organizational context. Drawing on the existing literature and conceptual argument, the present study will argue for this strategic importance of workers’ innovative performance in promoting organizational success. Specifically, the study argues that adopting KHRM and CHRM practices are effective strategies that foster innovation within the organization. Furthermore, the research also reports the critical importance of intellectual capital in driving innovative work behavior. Intellectual capital acts as a mediator between HRM practices and innovative work behavior. The study's theoretical framework and conceptual propositions provide valuable insights into understanding and promoting innovation inside organizations. Additional investigation into these connections would provide pragmatic advice for HRM experts and organizational leaders who want to cultivate creativity and drive achievement within their organizations.

Intellectual capital and market performance of Nigerian Companies

This study is carried out on intellectual capital efficiency and the market value of Nigerian quoted companies. The specific objectives were to: determine the influence of human capital efficiency on market value of the listed Nigerian companies; examine the influence of structural capital efficiency on market value of the listed Nigerian companies; and evaluate the influence of capital employed efficiency on market of the listed Nigerian companies firms in Nigeria. The data were sourced from 2018 to 2022 annual audited accounts of the 117 companies quoted on the Nigerian Exchange Group. The regression technique was employed to analyse the data. The findings showed that capital employed efficiency positively influenced market value throughout the five years but the human capital efficiency and structural capital efficiency have mixed results. Human capital efficiency and structural capital efficiency were both positively and negatively influenced market value of the sampled Nigerian companies for the periods of observation. The study thus concluded that intellectual capital influenced the market value of the sampled Nigerian companies and provided the recommendation that the sampled companies should improve their investments on intellectual capital resources (such as staffs’ training, staff welfare) and physical assets.

Intellectual Capital and Corporate Sustainable Growth: An Empirical Study on Indian Agribusinesses specific to Pesticides and Fertilizer Companies

This study aims to evaluate the impact of Intellectual Capital on the Sustainable Growth Rate of Indian Agribusiness companies. Intellectual Capital plays a vital role in the global agriculture business. Data is collected from 17 Agribusiness companies engaged explicitly in pesticides and fertilizers between 2011 and 2022, using Prowessiq (CMIE) and financial reports. The Extended Value-Added Intellectual Capital (E-VAIC) model is employed to measure Intellectual Capital. The System Generalized Method of Moments (S-GMM) regression method is employed for data analysis. The results revealed that Innovation Capital Efficiency and Human Capital Efficiency are the most significant variables that affect the Sustainable Growth of Indian Agribusiness companies. The other Intellectual Capital variables, such as Relational Capital Efficiency and Structural Capital Efficiency, positively impact the Sustainable Growth Rate. The study concludes that Indian Agribusiness companies must recognize the importance of Intellectual Capital resources and invest in them to achieve long- term corporate growth.

Intellectual Capital Valuation of DSE-Listed Non-financial Companies in Bangladesh

Intellectual capital (IC) is an organization's vital resource that helps the firm survive by confirming competitive edges. However, the valuation of IC resources is a challenging task. IC valuation is essential to employ the knowledge resource efficiently. Hence, the study aims to evaluate the IC resources of non-financial companies in Bangladesh and compare the IC performance between manufacturing and service firms. The study also explores the year-wise trend study and industry-based IC performance study. Data have been collected from secondary sources from 69 DSE-listed non-financial companies in Bangladesh from 2017 to 2021, comprising 345 company-year observations. The Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) methodology has been adopted to reflect IC value. Independent Sample t-tests and graph and chart analyses have been performed to fulfill the study objectives. Results have shown that human capital is the primary driver of IC resources, and it dominates Intellectual Capital Efficiency (ICE) and then the overall IC efficiency (MVAIC) score. Human and structural resources utilized by Bangladeshi companies are better than those of relational and tangible capital. Service companies have better handled human and structural resources, but manufacturing companies have better used relational and employed capital. Research has also observed a declining trend of IC resources of the sampled companies. Telecommunication, Fuel and power, and Textile industries have better used IC resources. However, the tannery industry still needs to do so. The research contributes to resources-based theory by confirming the value of invisible resources, which supports business executives, policy-makers, managers, and potential and existing investors to make the right decisions. Further research may be conducted using an extended sample size, comparing financial and non-financial sectors or comparing among industries or valuation techniques like EVA, KCE, and CIV.

Intellectual Capital Valuation of DSE-Listed Non-financial Companies in Bangladesh

Intellectual capital (IC) is an organization's vital resource that helps the firm survive by confirming competitive edges. However, the valuation of IC resources is a challenging task. IC valuation is essential to employ the knowledge resource efficiently. Hence, the study aims to evaluate the IC resources of non-financial companies in Bangladesh and compare the IC performance between manufacturing and service firms. The study also explores the year-wise trend study and industry-based IC performance study. Data have been collected from secondary sources from 69 DSE-listed non-financial companies in Bangladesh from 2017 to 2021, comprising 345 company-year observations. The Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) methodology has been adopted to reflect IC value. Independent Sample t-tests and graph and chart analyses have been performed to fulfill the study objectives. Results have shown that human capital is the primary driver of IC resources, and it dominates Intellectual Capital Efficiency (ICE) and then the overall IC efficiency (MVAIC) score. Human and structural resources utilized by Bangladeshi companies are better than those of relational and tangible capital. Service companies have better handled human and structural resources, but manufacturing companies have better used relational and employed capital. Research has also observed a declining trend of IC resources of the sampled companies. Telecommunication, Fuel and power, and Textile industries have better used IC resources. However, the tannery industry still needs to do so. The research contributes to resources-based theory by confirming the value of invisible resources, which supports business executives, policy-makers, managers, and potential and existing investors to make the right decisions. Further research may be conducted using an extended sample size, comparing financial and non-financial sectors or comparing among industries or valuation techniques like EVA, KCE, and CIV.

DISENTANGLING THE INNOVATION ORIENTATION, INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, AND DYNAMIC INNOVATION CAPABILITY RELATIONSHIPS IN EMERGING ECONOMY START-UPS

Purpose: Based on the Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV) and Knowledge-based View (KBV), this study investigates the relationships between intellectual capital (IC) resources and dynamic innovation capabilities in the context of new ventures. Design/methodology/approach: Data for the study is collected from 311 start-up firms in Turkey and is analysed via Structural Equation Modelling. Findings: The results indicate that the effects of human capital and social capital on dynamic innovation capability are fully mediated by innovation orientation (IO). Besides, dynamic innovation capability is found to be strongly associated with innovation performance. Practical implications: In the study, IO is suggested as a useful mechanism for encouraging the deployment of an innovation focus in all functions of a firm for attaining long-term sustained competitiveness. Thereby, the findings are expected to present important implications for start-up founders and policy-makers, by highlighting the importance of knowledge management and investing in human and social capital resources for generating the capability to innovate. Originality/value: The most significant contribution of the study is the development of a model suggesting IO as a mediating variable between the IC resources and dynamic innovation capability relationship in the context of start-up firms. Furthermore, the findings indicate a positive and significant association between the dynamic innovation capability and innovation performance in these economic units.

Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of value-added capital, value-added human capital, and structural capital value-added on the financial performance of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study's variables include independent variables such as Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA), as well as the dependent variable Financial Performance. Method: This quantitative study employed statistical tests on secondary data. Purposive sampling was used to select the samples. This study used 16 companies as samples over a four-year research span to collect 64 sample data units. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed in this study as an analytical method. Result: The findings revealed that there was a significant effect on financial performance from Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) all at the same time, with only Value Added Capital Employed (VACA) and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) having a significant influence. Contribution: This study suggests that companies can improve their financial performance by using their intellectual resources. Companies are expected to be able to manage their intellectual capital resources better, and efficient intellectual capital management can provide value added to support companies in improving their financial performance.

The mediating role of intellectual capital in corporate governance and financial efficiency of Islamic banks

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of intellectual capital (IC) on the association between corporate governance mechanism (CGM) and the financial efficiency of Islamic banks (Z-score, net investment income and loan to deposit) and verify it through standard mediation in the panel based on interaction.Design/methodology/approachThe data of this study draws from 125 full-fledged Islamic banks and windows from 26 Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) over the period of 2009 to 2019. A two-step system generalize method of moment estimation is used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results underwrite that the inclusion of IC as a mediating variable has influenced positively the corporate governance and financial efficiency of IBs. Besides, only CEO power and Shariah supervisory board positively affect the financial efficiency of IBs. While structural capital and relational capital positively affect the financial efficiency of IBs. Apart from that, results show that the CGM has a significant relationship with the IC value of IBs.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings are valuable for policymakers and regulators to set policies to improve CG structure and effective use of IC resources to improve banking efficiency. Additionally, findings might be helpful for the bankers to proficiently use the IC as a premise to plan new strategies to get an upper hand in financial performance.Originality/valueThis study extends and contributes to the current literature by analysing the role of IC along with CG to boost the financial efficiency of banks in OIC countries.

Cooperation in the Conceptualization of Autonomous Strategic Initiatives: The Role of Managers’ Intellectual and Social Capital

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the social position of functional managers, as defined by their stocks of intellectual and social capital, influences their attitude towards cooperation for the integration of distributed knowledge in the conceptualization of bottom-up (autonomous) strategic initiatives. Bourdieu’s social practice theory was employed for integrating the organizational conditions in the initiative conceptualization-as-knowledge-creation process. By developing and analyzing two case studies on strategic operations, it was found that the degree of engagement in productive cooperation, and hence the potential and effectiveness of functional managers as knowledge-creating agents promoting their particular interests, are influenced by their social position which in turn depends on the path of accumulation of their intellectual and social capital resources.

Open Innovation as a Strategy for Creating Value in Technology-based companies

Given the current scenario established by dynamic and competitive practices, organizations seek strategies that meet the market’s demand, create organizational value and allow the emergence of differentials before the competition. On one hand, innovation is considered a tool for achieving competitive advantage and has been sought through stimulation for creating ideas, the development of intellectual capital and efficient resources use. On the other hand, what is seen in some organizations is the absence of resources that allow financial, personal or technological growth. In this sense, the use of open innovation emerges as a proposal to create organizational value and allows companies to support each other, transferring knowledge, financial and even technological resources. This study aims to determine which factors stemming from open innovation can influence Technology-based Companies to create value. For such, a quantitative and descriptive survey was carried out, with a questionnaire applied to employees of Technologically Based Companies. The results pointed out that the knowledge networks and the organization innovation profile are necessary aspects for the definition of open innovation practices and open innovation factors such as the Partnership Establishment, product development through licensing and patents, spin in and spin-off, corporate venturing and chain value are able to influence value creation.

When does intellectual capital enhance innovation capability? A three-way interaction test

PurposeIn the current study based on the resource-based view (RBV), a three-way interaction model tests the relationships among human and social capital resources, innovation orientation (IO) and innovation capability in the context of new ventures.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical linear regression modeling presents the linear relations at two decision layers of start-ups, their founders and managers. Data is collected and analyzed from 233 new ventures in Turkey.FindingsFindings of the two and three-way interaction analyses indicate a positive relationship between human capital and innovation capability when social capital and IO are high; however, the relation turns off when low.Research limitations/implicationsThe study extends the previous works on the proposed link between intellectual capital (IC) resources and innovation, by confirming the moderating role of social capital and IO on the positive association between human capital resources and innovation capability.Practical implicationsThe results show that for start-up companies, the co-existence of strong social capital and the strategic orientation towards innovation is required for the effective utilization of human capital for generating innovation capability within the organization. Thus, this study highlights the importance of networks, alliances and social relationships, together with the unification of strategic thinking, organizational learning and a culture of innovation for attaining innovation goals, which are crucial for the survival and success of these units.Originality/valueThis study presents the first model in the literature which examines the moderating effects of IO and social capital on the human capital-innovation capability relationship.

Impact of Green Human Resource Management on Sustainable Performance

The major purpose of Green Human Resource Management is to create a workforce that recognizes, values, and implements green ideas while upholding the company's green goal in the Human Resource Management practice of hiring, selecting, training, developing, rewarding, and promoting the human capital of the company. Two key elements of green HR are the protection of intellectual capital and eco-friendly Human Resource practices. Numerous academics have examined the value of green HRM in fostering an environmentally conscious mindset among employees, although this area of study is still in its infancy. Businesses now place a higher priority on environmental management and green management, and they have aligned their goals and tactics to reflect this. As a result of the realities of corporate globalization, the economy has changed from a traditional banking and economic structure to a more modern, capacity-based one. In other words, it takes both environmental economics and environmental management into account. Green human resource management, which has received a lot of attention in corporate organizations, may be used effectively to maintain green workplaces and green practices, which will help to green organizational culture. For businesses to achieve their environmental objectives, such as going green, green HRM is a crucial strategic tool. The results of this study indicate that practices like green hiring have an impact on the sustainable performance of both public and commercial healthcare organizations. Data were acquired using a quantitative research approach. 200 persons, including representatives of both public and private healthcare services, participated in the survey. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling was used to analyze the data. Hiring green candidates benefits the performance of the environment, the economy, and society as a whole. This research benefits organizations by assisting them in applying GHRM techniques that support organizations in every way. Additionally, this research will be helpful to policymakers because it will provide them a better understanding of how to promote GHRM practices and improve organizational sustainability.

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN FAMILY BUSINESS – OWN RESEARCH RESULT ANALYSIS

Currently, it is assumed that the innovative potential of enterprises is directly linked with the intellectual capital resources. Due to their nature, family businesses may own some unique resources, which may influence the shaping of intellectual capital. Considering the above factors, the aim of the article is to identify and evaluate the variables of intellectual capital in family businesses. The research carried out by the author of this study allows the conclusion that family businesses try to generate intellectual capital. However, there is a noticeable lack of consistency in the actions taken, which as a result may hinder the growth of intellectual capital

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN BANKING IN INDONESIA: THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

This study aims to examine the influence of Intellectual Capital, the Board of Commissioners, and the Proportion of Independent Commissioners on Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility, with the population used in this study being bank companies registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) with a sample of 41 bank companies during the 2017 period -2021. This study uses panel data regression model analysis to test the hypothesis. The analysis techniques used in this study were descriptive statistical tests, preliminary tests ( Breusch-Pagan, likelihood tests, Hausman tests ), diagnostic tests (heteroscedasticity tests and autocorrelation tests), and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the three preliminary tests in determining the panel data regression model, this study uses the fixed effect model to examine the relationship between variables in the regression model. The results of this study indicate that Intellectual Capital has a positive effect on CSR Disclosure, optimal utilization of Intellectual Capital resources can increase CSR quality disclosure more broadly. The Board of Commissioners variable has a negative effect on CSR disclosure, this shows that each additional member of the board of commissioners will have an impact on decreasing CSR disclosure. The independent board of commissioners proportion variable does not affect CSR disclosure because not all independent commissioners can demonstrate their independence so the oversight function does not function properly in conducting CSR disclosures.

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA: THE MODERATING ROLE OF SHARIA SUPERVISORY BOARDS

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Intellectual Capital (IC) and Social Performance and to further examine whether Sharia Supervisory Boards (SSB) moderate this relationship. This study employed a longitudinal sample of Islamic banks in two countries leading Islamic banking industries in the south-east Asia region, Malaysia and Indonesia, with a sample of 31 Islamic banks during the period 2008-2020. Panel data regression model analysis was applied to test the study research hypotheses. The findings revealed that IC has a positive impact on the social performance of Islamic banks, demonstrating that greater utilization of IC leads to improved social performance. SSB meeting frequency has a positive impact on the social performance of Islamic banks, indicating that the more active the boards are, the more SSB can perform the social performance. Meanwhile, the gender diversity of SSB members has does not influence Islamic banks' social performance. On the moderating role of SSB aspects, which are SSB meeting frequencies representing SSB activities in monitoring and SSB gender diversity, both proven to strengthen the relationship between IC and Islamic banks' social performance. Overall, this research contributes to a better understanding of the impact of IC and SSB governance in improving Islamic banks' social performance functions. This study implies that Islamic banks should be more aware of their intellectual capital resources and the monitoring role of SSB so that the Islamic banks can perform their social functions more optimally. Keywords: Intellectual Capital (IC); sharia supervisory boards; ssb meeting frequency; ssb gender diversity; social performance; islamic banks

Analysis of core competences and competitive advantages in higher education institutions: An intellectual capital approach

ABSTRACT Knowledge management in higher education institutions (HEIs) can be analysed from intellectual capital (IC), which is made up of a series of intangible resources, becoming a valuable element. The purpose of this research is to analyse the creation of core competences based on the interaction between intangible IC resources. A multivariate statistical analysis through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used as a methodological design. The results show that it is possible to articulate IC intangible resources in core activities that become core competences and strengthen competitive advantages in HEIs. The empirical results show the need to recognise the characteristics and maturity level of IC in each HEI. Regarding the originality and value of the research, no previous studies analysing the relationship between IC, core competences, and competitive advantages in HEIs were identified. It was possible to establish valuable intangible resources among which teaching-learning methods, teacher quality and interdepartmental cooperation alliances stand out.

EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE POPULATION OF THE BORDER REGIONS OF RUSSIA

The relevance of the research proposed in the article is determined by the fact that one of the basic components of human capital is the educational potential of the population, whose qualitative characteristics determine the future development of the country. The purpose of the proposed article is to describe the specifics of the subjective and objective components of the educational potential of the population of border regions, as well as the motivation of citizens to optimize it in a regional context. The analysis of the functioning of indicators of intellectual capital and educational resources of the population is based on an interdisciplinary approach (economics, sociology, pedagogy); the theory of reproductive mechanisms for the dissemination of intellectual information at the macro, meso and micro levels of its implementation is used, the phenomenon of "lifelong education" and "lifelong education" is investigated. Conclusions are drawn that the actual factor of development and improvement of the efficiency of human capital is a high level of living.

Intellectual capital efficiency and firms' financial performance based on business life cycle

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of intellectual capital (IC) and its components (human, structural, relational and innovation capitals) on financial performance (FP) at different life cycle stages.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the data from Chinese manufacturing listed companies during 2014–2018. The modified value added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) model is employed as the measurement of IC efficiency. Finally, multiple regression analysis is used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThis study shows that the impact of IC on FP is different across life cycle stages. Specifically, at the birth stage, human capital (HC), structural capital (SC) and innovation capital (INC) have a positive impact on FP. At the growth and mature stages, all IC components contribute to FP improvement. HC and SC play an important role at the revival stage, while only HC positively affects FP at the decline stage.Practical implicationsThe findings may help corporate managers to make optimal strategies to improve FP by effective utilization of IC resources in the complex and competitive business environment. Meanwhile, companies can invest in the core elements of IC at different stages of development, so as to maximize the contribution of IC to company value.Originality/valueThis is among the few studies to explore the impact of IC on FP of manufacturing listed companies in the Chinese context from the perspective of life cycle. It also makes novel contributions in measuring IC by the MVAIC model with the inclusion of relational capital and INC that are largely neglected in previous research.

Board characteristics and efficiency of value added by banks: Evidence from an emerging economy

This paper estimates the efficiency of value added by banks using their total resources (physical capital resources and intangible resources) and finds an association between board characteristics and efficiency of value added. The paper is grounded in the theory of resource and knowledge based view of the firm, and agency theory, and tries to establish links between these two theories. This study departs from existing literature of examining the effect of board characteristics on financial performance, corporate sustainability, and corporate environmental responsibility, and tries to understand the relationship between board characteristics and the efficiency of value added by banks through their resources. This is also the first study of its kind to study the relationship between board structure characteristics and value creation in Indian banks using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) methodology. Using the data for 41 commercial banks in India from 2008 to 2017 and by employing Prais-Winsten Regression, this study finds that board meetings and CEO-Chairman duality significantly and positively influence the efficiency of value added by banks through their total resources and intellectual capital resources. At the same time, independence in the boards negatively influences the efficiency of value added through physical capital resources. Overall, the findings of the paper indicate that board governance influences bank performance measured in terms of efficiency of value added. Policymakers, regulators, and bank managers should frame appropriate policies to ensure more board meetings, and the presence of board duality.