The article defines the essence and significance of intellectual capital, its place in the system of personnel policy of the diplomatic service. Various definitions of intellectual capital, which in their works were provided by such scientists as A. Chukhno, VL Inozemtsev, O, Kendyukhov, G. Nazarova and others, are considered. It is determined that intellectual capital is a complex system concept, which is considered by scientists taking into account the needs of modern society, which requires a constant exchange of information and replenishment of knowledge. It is emphasized that intelligence passes into property only when under the influence of brain abilities something useful is created, which is endowed with a certain form: databases, lists of information, descriptions of processes, reports and more. The main function of intellectual capital is determined, which is to accelerate the growth of profits through the implementation and formation of the necessary relationships and things, knowledge systems of the enterprise, which, in turn, ensure its highly efficient economic activity. The updated personnel policy in the diplomatic service envisages strengthening the role of the desk officer of the political unit, projecting changes for 2 years and increasing the transparency of the introduction of personnel assessment by the 360 method.It is established that the success of the diplomatic service depends on a balanced personnel policy aimed, in particular, at the growth of intellectual capital. The experience of organizing the personnel work of the diplomatic service of the United States of America is studied. The main problems are formulated and recommendations for improving the personnel policy of the diplomatic service are based on the analysis of world experience.In order to increase the value of intellectual capital, the need for quality education of employees of the diplomatic service, continuous training and self-education of ambassadors and staff, as well as the creation of a personnel reserve in the diplomatic service was emphasized. In addition, it is unacceptable to reduce the cost of diplomatic service. In order to advance in their careers and advance to higher positions, diplomats must be able to undergo systematic training and be experts in at least two regions and speak at least two (three) languages.