Intellectual Capital Disclosure Practices Research Articles

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM A CROSS COUNTRY THAT OFFERING ISLAMIC BANK SERVICES

Intellectual capital is imperative for Islamic banks given their unique characterisctiscs in that they offer innovative Shariah-based solutions to the modern financial problems. This study therefore examined the influence of corporate goverance on intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) practices of Islamic banks. Data from a sample of 33 Islamic banks for the period 2012 to 2018 were collected. A self-developed ICD checklist was used to measure the extent of IC information disclosed in the annual report. This paper also examines the relationship between ICD practices and several corporate governance components which includes board size, board meeting, board independence, board gender, board expertise, audit committee size, audit committee meeting, audit committee independence, audit committee gender and audit committee expertise. Our results revealed that having an effective corporate governance structure is essential, as it is able to influence the ICD practices of Islamic banks. However, instead of focusing on the role of the board, our paper highlights the importance role of audit committee functions. Specifically, the results suggest that larger or reasonable audit committee size tends to have varied skills and expertise among the audit committee members, resulting in more information by allowing for greater diversity of backgrounds and viewpoints. Gender diversity in audit members’ profiles will also encourage the board to be more effective and creative in generating innovative ideas, hence more IC will be created. This study adds to the empirical studies on corporate governance from Islamic banks’ perspectives covering several countries. It also introduce the Shariah capital, as one of components in the IC index to respond to the peculiarities of Islamic on intellectual capital. Keywords: Islamic banks; intellectual capital disclosure; corporate governance.

Propensity for and Quality of Intellectual Capital Divulgence Across the BRICS Banking Sector: A Knowledge-Based Perspective from Emerging Economies

The study seeks to identify patterns of the propensity for (frequency) and quality of (mean score) intellectual capital (IC) divulgence components (internal capital, external capital and human capital) of banks from Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (“BRICS”). The research typology constructs a 5-year (2015–2019) IC disclosure index utilizing the content analysis of the annual reports and Web sites of the ten largest BRICS banks. The study selected banks according to their asset portfolios. It applies content analysis for the codification of qualitative information into quantitative patterns and principles. The findings reveal that the IC disclosure practices of BRICS banks fall into modest to satisfactory positions in all three selected categories of IC classifications. Also, the propensity for and quality of IC disclosure alters due to the non-occurrence of IC frameworks and reporting mechanisms in BRICS banks. Disparity emerges between voluntary IC disclosure and the nominal role of institutional forces in banks. Although BRICS banks had better commitments to revealing valuable information about intangibles, IC managers developed the appropriate mechanisms to capture and report the hidden values of intangibles while demonstrating “licensing agreements,” “entrepreneurial abilities,” “financial relations,” and “job-associated knowledge.” Cross-sectional data in prior studies on IC disclosure are country- and firm-specific. Thus, this is among rare studies on longitudinal analysis that investigates the propensity for and quality of IC disclosure practices in the banking sector. It also incorporates a quality index of IC disclosure requiring underpinnings of institutional and resource-based views. In conclusion, institutional and resource-based factors influence the IC disclosure practices of BRICS banks. This is significant for the users of annual reports and Web sites who want to pursue IC-related information.

Intellectual capital disclosure practices of financial institutions in an emerging economy

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) practices of financial institutions in an emerging economy of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Based on 93 items of intellectual capital categorized into internal capital, external capital and human capital, ICD index is developed for 53 financial institutions listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange. This study uses descriptive statistics to analyze ICD practices, and parametric and non-parametric tests to analyze the variation of ICD practices in terms of different categories as well as in terms of different sectors. Findings Results indicate that more than 70% of ICD items are generally not disclosed by financial institutions in Bangladesh. The highest of 36% of external capital disclosure items are disclosed, whereas the lowest of 18% of human resource capital elements are disclosed. Furthermore, results find the significant variability of ICD practices in terms of different intellectual capital categories and in between banking companies and non-banking financial institutions. Practical implications Findings have critical implications for managers, policymakers and regulators for setting appropriate strategies and regulations for improving the level of ICD, which, in turn, may reduce the information asymmetry problems of financial institutions as well. Originality/value In-depth analysis about variability of ICD practices creates value in the ICD literature by highlighting strategic priority of financial institutions to disclose information about the strategic resources in unique emerging economic settings such as Bangladesh.

ANALISIS PRAKTIK PENGUNGKAPAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF

The aim of this study is to analyze the intellectual capital disclosure practices by Indonesian automotive industry. Content analysis was used to analyze the annual report for one the year 2016. This research used Guthrie at., el. scheme of intellectual capital components. In this scheme, IC was categorized into 3 groups; relational competence (human capital: 8th items).internal structures (organizational capital: 15th items); and external structures (customer/relational capital: 13th items); The result shows that percentage of IC disclosure by Indonesian automotive industry was high relatively In 2016, there were some attributes that not disclosed yet by a company, it was ’copyright’. There was no company that discloses all of the 36th components of IC in their annual report. The maximum number of the attribute that disclosed by a company was 31.

Determinants of Intellectual Capital Disclosure: An Investigation on DS30 Firms in Bangladesh

Research aim: The study aims to investigate intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) practices and its determinants in Bangladesh. Design/Methodology/Approach: The top 30 firms known as DS30 companies that reflect around 51 percent of the total equity market capitalisation have been considered as a sample. Content analysis is used to extract the data from the annual report of the respective firm for the years 2013 to 2017. Multiple regression analysis is performed to identify the determinants of ICD. Research findings: This paper finds that board independence and globally affiliated auditors have a substantial positive impact on ICD. In contrast, board gender diversity documents marginally significant negative association with ICD. However, our examination does not show any significant impact of board size, leverage, profitability and firm size on ICD quality. Theoretical contribution/ Originality: This study differs in its approach of narrowing down the items of ICD index to maintain the perspective of a developing country like Bangladesh. It is a longitudinal study and does not consider any particular industry of Bangladesh to identify the drivers of ICD. Practitioner/ Policy implication: Policymakers and regulators could consider the factors identified in this paper for setting corporate reporting regulations, particularly corporate governance mechanisms. Research limitation: This study considered only the top 30 firms and 30 disclosure items. Our investigation is limited to only the annual reports of the respective companies. Keywords: Bangladesh, DS30 Companies, Determinants, Human Capital, Intellectual Capital Type of Manuscript: Research paper JEL Classification: M41, M49

Impact of Managerial Perception of Intellectual Capital Disclosure Practices on the Credibility of the Financial Statements

This study aims to investigate the impact of managerial perception of intellectual capital disclosure practices on the credibility of the financial statements. As the method, the primary data was collected through a questionnaire. The targeted sample was the financial managers who are directly involved in preparing financial statements in the public limited companies. 150 questionnaires were distributed covering the financial managers in all the sectors using the stratified random sampling method. There were three hypotheses developed covering the major components of intellectual capital as human, customer and social. Correlation analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis using the SPSS software. It was found that there is a relationship between the managerial perception of intellectual capital disclosure practices and the credibility of the financial statements. Through a regression analysis, it showed that there is an impact of intellectual capital disclosure practices on the credibility of financial statements. The managers believe that the existing reporting practices do not represent the reality of the organizational performance until the intellectual capital is incorporated to the financial statements. Further, they have suggested that there should be a proper mechanism to report the intellectual capital in the financial statements or in the annual reports to avoid such kind of misrepresentation.KeywordsIntellectual Capital, Disclosure Practices, Credibility, Financial Statements

THE EFFECT OF SIZE, FIRM AGE, GROWTH, AUDIT REPUTATION, OWNERSHIP AND FINANCIAL RATIO ON INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of size, firm age, growth, audtior reputation, ownership concentration, leverage, market-to-book ratio, liquidity, and profitability on intellectual capital disclosure. This research used 157 non-financial companies that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange and the data were selected using purposive sampling method during 2012 until 2015. The data were analyzed using multiple regression method. The empirical result show that size, profitability, auditor’s reputation and ownership concentration have influence on intellectual capital disclosure practices while firm age, leverage, market-to-book ratio, liquidity, and growth have no influence on intellectual capital disclosure practices. .

Analisis pengungkapan modal intelektual: Perbandingan antara universitas di Indonesia dan Malaysia

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi praktik pengungkapan informasi tentang modal intelektual (IC) pada website universitas di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Penelitian ini menggunakan website 10 universitas terbaik di Indonesia dan Malaysia versi 4ICU (International Colleges & Universities) 2018 sebagai objek kajian. Komponen IC yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah framework yang dikembangkan oleh Leitner (2004) yang terdiri dari 36 items: 10 item human capital, 9 item structural capital, dan 17 item relational capital. MannWhitney U digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan di antara universitas-universitas di Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam mengungkapkan informasi tentang IC melalui website mereka. Secara umum, jumlah pengungkapan informasi IC melalui website universitas di Indonesia dan Malaysia hanya berkisar sampai 50% saja, sisanya tidak diungkapkan. Hal mengindikasikan kesadaran manajemen universitas terhadap pengungkapan MI masih kurang besar. Karenanya diperlukan dorongan dari pemerintah untuk meningkatkan praktik pengungkapan IC ini melalui instrument regulasi.

Report for Intellectual Capital and Performance

I will summarize a lot of articles and news about intellectual capital as a part of learning how to build the literature you will found the articles and web links in the reference part of this summarized report: There's two ways the prior literature on intellectual capital disclosure practices in two major ways. First, provides a longitudinal examination of intellectual capital disclosure practices in the annual reports listed companies. Second, investigates the relationship between intellectual capital performance and the extent of intellectual capital disclosure. Empirical findings did not indicate a systematic relationship between intellectual capital performance and the quantity of disclosure during the survey period.

The impact of intellectual capital disclosure and corporate governance practices on the cost of finance: Tunisian evidence

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) and corporate governance practices on the cost of finance. The sample consists of 27 Tunisian listed companies over a five-year period (2010-2014). Results show that intellectual capital disclosure is negatively and significantly associated with the cost of debt (COD) and the cost of equity capital (COEC). In contrast, only some corporate governance mechanisms namely managerial ownership (MO) and ownership concentration (OC) may influence the interest rate required by investors. These findings has policy implications for managers in the Tunisian setting and other developing economies similar to Tunisia, given the crucial role played by intellectual capital as a primary source of competitive advantage.

The impact of intellectual capital disclosure and corporate governance practices on the cost of finance: Tunisian evidence

The impact of intellectual capital disclosure and corporate governance practices on the cost of finance: Tunisian evidence

Intellectual capital disclosure and prospective student interest: an Indonesian perspectives

This study aims to describe the intellectual capital disclosure practices in the biggest Indonesian universities and to empirically examine the impact of intellectual capital disclosure on prospect...

Developing trust through stewardship

PurposeThis paper examines the gap between reporting and managers’ behaviour to challenge the current theoretical underpinnings of intellectual capital (IC) disclosure practice and research. The authors explore how the key features from IC and integrated reporting can be combined to develop an extended model for companies to comply with EU Directive 2014/95/EU and increase trust in corporate disclosures and reports.Design/methodology/approachThis essay relies on academic literature and examples from practice to critique the theories that explain corporate disclosure and reporting but do not change management behaviour. Based on this critique, the authors argue for a change in the fundamental theories of stewardship to frame a new concept for corporate disclosure incorporating using a multi-capitals framework.FindingsWe argue that, while the inconsistency between organisations’ reporting and behaviour persists, increasing, renewing or extending the information disclosed is not enough to instil trust in corporations. Stewardship over a company’s resources is necessary for increasing trust. The unanticipated consequences of dishonest behaviour by managers and shareholders compels a new application of stewardship theory that works as an overarching guide for managerial behaviour and disclosure. Emanating from this new model is a realisation that managers must abandon agency theory in practice, and specifically the bonus contract.Research limitations/implicationsWe call for future empirical research to explore the role of stewardship theory within the dynamics of corporate disclosure using the approach. The research implications of those studies should incorporate the potential impacts on management behaviours within a stewardship framework and how those actions, and their outcomes, are disclosed for rebuilding public trust in business.Practical implicationsThe implications for integrated reporting and reports complying with the new EU Directive are profound. Both instruments rely on agency theory to coax managers into reducing information asymmetry by disclosing more. However, agency theory only re-affirms the power managers have over corporate information. It does not change their behaviour, nor to act in the interest of all stakeholders as the stewards of an organisation’s resources.Social implicationsWe advocate that, in business education, greater emphasis is needed on how stewardship has a more positive impact on management behaviour than agency, legitimacy and stakeholder theories.Originality/valueWe reflect on the current and compelling issues permeating the international landscape of corporate reporting and disclosure and explain why current theories which explain corporate disclosures do not change behaviour or engender trust in business and offer an alternative disclosure model based on stewardship theory.

IC disclosure practices in India using a comprehensive disclosure framework

PurposeThis paper aims to address the need to modify the existing intellectual capital (IC) disclosure frameworks and examines the disclosure practices of Indian knowledge-based companies by using a comprehensive IC disclosure index that has been developed in this study.Design/methodology/approachThe annual reports of 30 listed knowledge-intensive companies from two sectors – pharmaceutical sector and engineering sector – have been analysed for a period of five years from 2010-2011 to 2014-2015. Additionally, the sample firms were ranked on the basis of market capitalisation (MC) to examine the IC reporting practice of firms with high and low MC. An IC disclosure index has been developed through comparative analysis of the frameworks used in three studies that is based on Bukh et al.’s (2001) classification. Further, the study has also considered intangibles and the related non-financial indicators of MERITUM guidelines. The disclosure index consists of a total of 69 items encompassing six components.FindingsThe overall IC disclosure trend showed an increase in reporting practice over the five-year study period. With respect to the components, process capital is found to be the most disclosed component while relational capital is the least disclosed component. After categorisation of firms into high and low MC, it has been observed that the IC disclosure scores of firms with high MC are significantly higher than firms with low MC.Practical implicationsThis paper has developed an IC disclosure index through careful analysis and scrutiny of the existing frameworks which contributes to the existing literature. Likewise, the use of a comprehensive framework can aid the investors to know the true value of the firm and make proper market decisions.Originality/valueThis is the first paper in the Indian context in which a modified IC disclosure index is framed based on Bukh et al. (2001) framework for examining IC reporting practices.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE PRACTICES BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA

This study examines the extent of intellectual capital (IC) disclosure practices between Malaysian and Indonesian agricultural companies. This study relied on content analysis on the annual reports of public listed agricultural companies in Malaysia and Indonesia. The results show that the extent of IC disclosure practices of the companies between the two countries are similar. However, the Malaysian companies disclose more information on human capital and more quantitative in nature whilst the Indonesian companies disclose more information on relational capital and more qualitative. The results also show a significant positive relationship between the extent of IC capital disclosure and companies’ performance. The findings in this study contribute further understanding on the extent of IC capital disclosure in the agriculture industry. This study extends the understanding of the role of IC and its interaction in generating competitive edge from the perspective of a developing nation such as Malaysia and Indonesia.

Does Intellectual Capital Disclosure Enhance Organization Governance? Evidence from Indonesian Biggest Organizations

The aim of this study is to get empirical evidence about the effect of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) on cost of equity capital. The samples of this study are Indonesian public companies which included on the 50 biggest market capitalization on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Four way numerical coding system was used to conduct content analysis in order to identify the intellectual capital disclosure practices based on companies’ annual report. Regression analysis under SPSS 21.0 was used to test the hypothesis. The results indicated that intellectual capital disclosure had no significant effect on cost of equity capital. On the other hand, leverage as control variable shows a significant role.

Intellectual capital disclosure determinants and its effects on the market capitalization: evidence from Indonesian listed companies

In the current era of knowledge economy, intellectual capital (IC) is the main source of company’s competitive advantage. The role of IC has become one of the main factors of company’s value creation process. Since companies rely more on their intangibles (including IC), management must provide an appropriate annual report in which discloses information regarding IC in order to give a better information to the related parties. The aim of this study is to examine variables that expected to have a significant influence to the level of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) practices in Indonesian listed companies’ annual reports. A content analysis method is used to examine the ICD level, based on the framework developed by Li et al. (2008). The IC information was collected from 135 Indonesian LQ45 listed companies, which derived from their annual reports from the year 2012 to 2014. Sample companies are classified into two groups of industries: high- and low profile industries in order to analyze differences in IC reporting practices between the two groups. The empirical results proved that company size, industry type and market capitalization are significantly associated with the ICD, while it is shown that the influence of company profitability on the level of ICD is not significant. Furthermore, it is revealed that there is no significant difference with regard to the intellectual capital disclosure practices between companies in high- and low-profile industries.

Managerial Perception of Intellectual Capital Disclosure Practices of Listed Companies in Sri Lanka

There is no any common method available in the financial reporting practices to disclose the intellectual capital in the financial statements. In this study it was aimed to examine the managerial perception of intellectual capital disclosure practices in the listed companies in Sri Lanka. The main problem was to find out the issues of existing intellectual capital disclosure practices and how managerial perceptions affecting to the disclosure practices of intellectual capital in listed companies of Colombo Stock Exchange. The sample was taken as 20% from the total companies covering all the sectors. It was found that the neediness of disclosing the intellectual capital to get the clear picture of the organizations wealth and success. According to the managerial perception, at the initial stage, it is fair to produce a common method to disclose intellectual capital rather going to value them. Further, it is a must to investigate the total scope of intellectual capital to identify the common variables.

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE: STUDI KOMPARASI ANTARA UNIVERSITAS DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA

The aim of this study is to identify the intellectual capital disclosure practices of Indonesia and Malaysian universities. 5 best universities from Indonesia and Malaysia based on webometrics 2015 survey was used as the object of study. Intellectual capital component used in this study is a framework developed by Ulum (2011) which consist of 46 items: 8 items human capital, 23 items structural capital, and 15 items relational capital. Mann-Whitney test with SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there were no differences between universities in Indonesia and Malaysia in disclosing information about the IC through their website. Based on the amount of information disclosed, both universities in Indonesia and Malaysia were more likely to disclose information in a narrative format. DOI: 10.15408/akt.v9i1.3582

Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Praktik Pengungkapan Modal Intelektual Di Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to examine empirically the influence of corporate governance to intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) practice of Indonesian public companies. ICD was measured with the framework that constructed based on Bapepam-LK regulation, whereasthe corporate governance measured by its structures i.e. audit committee, board of commissioner, and board of director. This study used purposive sampling method to determine the sample from public companies which are included in the 50 biggest market capitalizations from 2007 until 2014. The linier regression method was used to analysis the data. The result shows that corporate governance has an effect on the intellectual capital disclosure practices in Indonesia. It means that, the structures of corporate governance of companies determine the amount of intellectual capital information disclosed on their annual report.