Integrated Design Research Articles

Design of Integrator and Comparator based on Digital Integrated

This article discusses the design method of integrator and comparator based on digital integrated circuits and circuit simulation using multisim is used to prove the functionality and performance of the circuits. By studying the advantages of digital circuits a circuit module has been designed which can realize integrator and comparator. This paper describes in detail the functioning and designing steps of the circuit and shows the results after simulation. The advantages, disadvantages and application cases of the design are analyzed through the simulation results. The simulation results show that it can fulfill the needs of various scenarios well.

Enhancing Urban Connectivity and Regeneration of Historic Areas: Case Study of Heart of Sharjah

This study employs the integrative design process of sustainable urban regeneration of the historical district in Sharjah city in UAE by It also improves physical and visual connectivity and integration within the neighbourhood and among the surrounding areas to encourage walkability in the district provides a liveable community, and increase accessibility and social interaction. Applying comprehensive design strategies to promote connectivity and revitalize the public places in historical district. The study employs a combination of field studies and parametric simulation tools to investigate the district and identify opportunities for improvement. By optimizing the master plan, the research aims to enhance integration and connectivity within the neighbourhood. The study yielded several significant findings; most notable was the increment of the integration value of the optimized master plan by approximately 41% in comparison with Shurooq proposed master plan 2025, as a result of improving the urban configuration, the street network enhances the connection between the old district and the waterfront, and introducing a central plaza to be connected with Al Rola park to achieve the holistic desired approach. The study's outcomes offer practical implications for urban planners and policymakers in the Gulf Region, highlighting the importance of integrative design strategies in fostering sustainable urban regeneration and improving social interactions within historical districts. The study contributes to the promotion of sustainable urban development methods in the Gulf Region by providing insights into how to improve social interactions, promote a holistic approach to urban regeneration in historical districts, and enhance urban sustainability.

Innovative design and process simulation of aviation bracket based on topology optimization and additive manufacturing

Abstract In this paper, topology optimization(TO) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology were combined to explore the key technology of parts integration design and manufacturing oriented to performance, structure and manufacturing process. With the help of topology optimization(TO), the lightweight design of the aviation bracket achieved the weight loss goal of 87.69% in this work. The thermophysical properties of TC4 were calculated by thermodynamic calculation, and the temperatue interval of Laser Powder Bed Fusion for TC4 is 1800 ℃- 3000 ℃ was determined . Additionally, the LPBF macro-scale simulation was carried out. The results showed that the maximum temperature in the printing process is lower than 2500℃, and the maximum displacement is 4.87 mm, which only appears in the non-design space. Finally, the safety factor and maximum displacement of aviation bracket are 1.3 and 0.8 mm, and the maximum Mises stress is 654 MPa, all of which meet the design requirements.

The integration and transformative design research of plant dyeing techniques in Dong brocade with sustainable materials

Dong brocade, a fabric renowned for its intricate patterns and ethnic symbolism, has been woven by the Dong people for generations, showcasing their cultural significance. Traditional plant dyeing technology is one of the main aspects of Dong brocade but the documentation and understanding of this is still rather limited. With regard to the use of plant dye in Dong brocade, it is not as well explored as it should be since it has a traditional aspect. The main purpose is to investigate and apply the traditional plant dyeing technique to Dong brocade for the improvement of that sustainable concept and the preservation of cultural assets. Therefore, 121 Dong villagers were interviewed to elicit their awareness regarding prehistoric plant dyeing. By observing the dyeing conditions, this study provided accurate perception and learned how to differentiate between natural and synthetic mordants through ethnobotanical perception. The strategy is intended to integrate sustainable products into Dong brocade, employing orthogonal array development to find the right dyeing conditions for corresponding plant dyes. Research revealed that 8 genera of plants which include 7 species are used in dyeing Dong brocade. The findings presented in this work prove the effectiveness of the use of plant dyes in Dong brocade, showing its advantages with 30% of frequency and CI (Color Index) indices, 8% of them being cultural. 5 for ethnic cultural sustainment, developmental and bio-diversity reasons respectively. The unique integration between the traditional dyeing technique in Dong brocade and the utilization of sustainable resources is very promising for the improvement of identity enhancement and embodiment, and the preservation of the environment.

Effectiveness of an integrative model of vocational life design for young rehabilitated drug abusers

ABSTRACT Background The effectiveness of an integrative life design model in preventing drug relapses among rehabilitated youth was evaluated. This model combined Savickas’ narrative life design in vocational counseling, expressive arts groups, and motivational interviewing. Its objective was to enhance life satisfaction and foster long-term resilience against relapse among young individuals recovering from drug abuse. Methods The study involved 70 rehabilitated drug abusers, equally divided into intervention and control groups. After four waves of data collection, 62 participants completed various assessments to monitor drug use behaviors and psychosocial changes. Results The intervention group showed continuous improvement in their self-efficacy to refuse drug use, whereas the control group’s self-efficacy to refuse drugs decreased by T4. The intervention group also had a lower relapse rate than the control group. Participants in both groups demonstrated improvements on various psychometric scales. However, those in the intervention group exhibited more substantial progress over time. Conclusions The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the integrative vocational life design model in preventing relapse among rehabilitated drug abusers. It emphasizes the importance of establishing future expectations and promoting life satisfaction for rehabilitated drug abusers. The study concludes with recommendations for future research and practice.

A frequency domain fractional order tilted integral derivative controller design for fractional order time delay processes

AbstractIn real‐time processes, time delays are inherent due to various factors, such as delays in volume, mass, and information transfer, leading to a deterioration in process performance and stability. Therefore, this paper proposes a fractional‐order tilted integral derivative (TID) controller design for stable and unstable fractional‐order processes with time delay, where the optimal controller parameters are designed using a deterministic approach. An inner loop controller is designed using stability analysis and a graphical approach for unstable fractional‐order time delay processes. The proposed approach offers flexibility and fine‐tuning in designing the controller for a specific application. A systematic reference to the disturbance ratio is carried out to assess the disturbance handling capacity of the proposed controller. It shows the sensitivity of the designed controller against disturbances in the frequency spectrum graphically. Numerous performance indices and time‐domain parameters are computed and compared with state‐of‐the‐art techniques to analyze the efficacy. Furthermore, it is validated on the experimental setup of a four‐tank system. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms recent techniques in terms of process control and disturbance rejection.

Exploration of STEM Education Curriculum Construction in Normal Universities

To fully meet the societal demands for future teachers, this paper comprehensively designs the STEM education curriculum for science education students from multiple dimensions including teaching content, teaching models, and instructional design. Through the designed instructional process, student teachers are effectively trained to develop their capabilities in delivering STEM education. The integrative curriculum design enables student teachers not only to impart knowledge but also to stimulate students' innovative thinking and problem-solving skills, laying the foundation for nurturing future innovative talents.

Multibarrier Collaborative Modulation Devices with Ultra-High Logic Operation Density.

The demands for highly miniaturized and multifunctional electronics are rapidly increasing. As scaling-down processes of transistors are restricted by physical limits, reconfigurable electronics with switchable operation functions for different tasks are developed for higher function integration based on split- or vertical-dual-gate structures. To promote the present reconfigurable electronics and exceed the function integration limit, the critical issue is to integrate complex operations into simple circuit forms by establishing more control dimensions. This work proposes a multibarrier collaborative (MBC) modulation architecture to increase the control dimension by multiple forms of potential barriers and achieves combinational and reconfigurable logic operations by a single MBC device. The MBC architecture exhibits ultrahigh logic operation density, including 58.8% area reduction for multiplexer operations and 71.4% area reduction for 4-logic reconfigurable operations. Besides, a hardware security module composed of 4 MBC devices implementing 8 types of logic operations is demonstrated. This work reveals an effective design of function integration for next-generation electronics.

A Design Study on Commercial Cleaning Robots Based on Kano–QFD

In the post-pandemic era, public space safety has emerged as a central public concern. As global public health awareness rose, traditional manual cleaning methods were increasingly inadequate for large-scale and high-standard cleaning requirements. Therefore, the design of a commercial cleaning robot that combined cleaning efficiency, environmental performance, and sustainability was essential to meet evolving societal demands. This paper systematically gathered and analyzed commercial cleaning robot functional requirements through a comprehensive investigation. According to the Kano model, functional requirements were categorized by attributes and their importance was quantified. Subsequently, using the QFD model, the design requirements for commercial cleaning robots were determined, and their significance weights were established. This identified the key design requirements. The results of this study indicated that the integration of the Kano and QFD models provided a novel perspective for the design of functional integration in commercial cleaning robots. Furthermore, it provided a practical methodological framework for addressing similar issues in the future.

Advancements in Optical Resonator Stability: Principles, Technologies, and Applications

This paper provides an overview of the study of optical resonant cavity stability, focusing on the relevant principles, key technological advances, and applications of optical resonant cavities in a variety of high-precision measurement techniques and modern science and technology. Firstly, the vibration characteristics, thermal noise, and temperature characteristics of the reference cavity are presented. Subsequently, the report extensively discusses the advances in key technologies such as mechanical vibration isolation, thermal noise control, and resistance to temperature fluctuations. These advances not only contribute to the development of theory but also provide innovative solutions for practical applications. Typical applications of optical cavities in areas such as laser gyroscopes, high-precision measurements, and gravitational wave detection are also discussed. Future research directions are envisioned, emphasising the importance of novel material applications, advanced vibration isolation technologies, intelligent temperature control systems, multifunctional integrated optical resonator design, and deepening theoretical models and numerical simulations.

A novel micro non-imaging concentrating solar module for building façade integration

Owing to the limited installation space and relative low energy density of solar radiation, how to fully utilize the solar energy potential on the building south façade is always an important issue. In this regard, this paper proposed a faced embedded solar thermal module with mini asymmetric parabolic concentrator, which could capture solar radiation within a wide range of incidence angles with relatively high thermal conversion efficiency. The optical efficiency of the proposed solar module maintains over 0.7 with the solar projection angle increasing from 0° to 90°, which covers the annual altitude angle variation of beam solar radiation incidence on the south façade. Corresponding photo-thermal model was developed and validated with 5 days continues outdoor measurement data. The predicted values were in good consistence with the experimental data with a R2 value of 0.975. Experimental results showed a daily thermal efficiency of 0.66 during the clear sky weather. The average daily thermal efficiency of the ACPC module throughout the year was 0.47 with a constant working temperature of 60 °C. The proposed device is expected to help the building integration design towards zero carbon emission building.

Making school home: A therapeutic design for students with intellectual disabilities

Abstract Inclusive school design is urgent not only to provide students with disabilities with environment that allows equal access to education but also to facilitate them with a supportive environment to help their healing process and to avoid psychological trauma. This article discusses the application of therapeutic design in a school for students with intellectual disabilities. The design follows therapeutic criteria consisting of: care in community, design for domesticity, social valorization, and integration with nature. Schools are designed as cluster systems using centralized circulation to improve spatial connectivity and to allow more social interaction. Additionally, the integration with nature is implemented through the use of more openings and inner courtyard. This article is in response to Sustainable Development Goals number 4: Quality Education.

Novel methodological approaches to support four recognized challenges in integrative medicine mixed methods research design

Novel methodological approaches to support four recognized challenges in integrative medicine mixed methods research design

Local resonance metamaterial-based integrated design for suppressing longitudinal and transverse waves in fluid-conveying pipes

To solve the problem of low broadband multi-directional vibration control of fluid-conveying pipes, a novel metamaterial periodic structure with multi-directional wide bandgaps is proposed. First, an integrated design method is proposed for the longitudinal and transverse wave control of fluid-conveying pipes, and a novel periodic structure unit model is constructed for vibration reduction. Based on the bandgap vibration reduction mechanism of the acoustic metamaterial periodic structure, the material parameters, structural parameters, and the arrangement interval of the periodic structure unit are optimized. The finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the vibration transmission characteristics of the fluid-conveying pipe installed with the vibration reduction periodic structure. Then, the wave/spectrum element method (WSEM) and experimental test are used to verify the calculated results above. Lastly, the vibration attenuation characteristics of the structure under different conditions, such as rubber material parameters, mass ring material, and fluid-structure coupling effect, are analyzed. The results show that the structure can produce a complete bandgap of 46 Hz–75 Hz in the low-frequency band below 100 Hz, which can effectively suppress the low broadband vibration of the fluid-conveying pipe. In addition, a high damping rubber material is used in the design of the periodic structure unit, which realizes the effective suppression of each formant peak of the pipe, and improves the vibration reduction effect of the fluid-conveying pipe. Meanwhile, the structure has the effect of suppressing both bending vibration and longitudinal vibration, and effectively inhibits the transmission of transverse waves and longitudinal waves in the pipe. The research results provide a reference for the application of acoustic metamaterials in the multi-directional vibration control of fluid-conveying pipes.

Application of BIM and Virtual Reality of System Integration Design and Development in Medical Building Projects: A Case Study in China

Design outcomes in the Medical Building Projects (MBPs) must satisfy the demand of the medical staff and stakeholders. However, they often do not have the relevant engineering expertise, so the design team is prone to misunderstandings when communicating with them using traditional two-dimensional (2D) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) drawings. The medical staff may not readily visualize and understand the design and then provide feedback to the designer through professional medical requirements or advice, which results in the need to redesign and carry out additional work during the design phase, thus delaying the progress of the MBPs. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop an integrated system based on BIM, advanced rendering engines, and VR technology for use in non-immersive and immersive VR environments. Moreover, in this study, the integrated system was applied to the infection-building project of the People's Hospital of Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu City, and semi-structured interviews were distributed to 16 engineers, designers, contractors, and medical staff who had been involved in the whole project to validate the practicality and effectiveness of the integrated system. The results indicate that this system integration is an efficient visual communication and simulation tool in medical design. Key advantages include enhanced communication efficiency between the design team and medical stakeholders, improved visual interaction, and streamlined decision-making processes within a 3D VR/BIM environment. The successful implementation of this integrated system is expected to significantly aid design teams and stakeholders in effectively managing medical design tasks in future projects.

Urban Planning and Landscape Projects on Urban Riverbanks in Europe: Comparative Study of the Ebro River, Zaragoza, and the Isar River, Munich

The tension between rivers and cities reaches its highest expression in urban river basins. Given the high level of interaction between natural and cultural factors in many riverfronts, an integral project design is essential. The large number of urban river basin enhancement cases that have been conducted has resulted in a large amount of urban scientific literature. The multifaceted nature of these systems renders their analysis and contextualization a challenging endeavor. The objective of this research is to propose a novel evaluation tool based on a reformulation of Lynch’s theory of urban form performance, which has been updated from a landscape urbanism perspective. The conceptual framework provides a comprehensive method for translating diverse design strategies into comparable and meaningful categories. The results illustrate the impact of urban riverbank requalification initiatives on the formal quality dimensions of the city–river socio-ecological system. The assessment tool was applied to two cases: the Ebro River in Zaragoza (Spain) and the Isar River in Munich (Germany). Despite differences between the cases, comparative analysis revealed similar levels of urban landscape quality parameters and common elements that can provide new insights when considering the solutions applied and the degree of improvement in quality and river–city cohesion achieved with these projects.

Bridging the gaps – A mixed methods approach to evaluating novel feedback surveys of children on school buildings

Feedback is critical to improve the sustainability of all buildings. Current post occupancy feedback is not useful for architects and designers and barriers to obtaining post-occupancy data have been well documented. In addition, there are delays in feedback of research conclusions appearing in Continuing Professional Development. Therefore, architects need timely feedback on their own building designs and methods they can use to obtain feedback for themselves. Previously, a literature review and survey of architects were conducted to identify gaps in feedback for school buildings compared to an Integral Sustainable Design (ISD) framework. A suite of ISD comprehensive on-line surveys were developed for various school user groups to target the identified gaps. This paper presents data from testing a novel survey of children in a case study and comparison of some questions to instrument measurement. The results show that the spatial questions with reasons yielded valuable insights. Some qualitative questions will require amendment to yield useful information. Univariate analysis shows that some thermal comfort questions would be suitable as a substitute for instrument measurement whereas lighting questions would not. Conversely, the question on vocal comprehension provided clear responses, supported by instrument measurement. Likert-style questions regarding sense of place, connection to outside, feelings of safety, etc. Were generally successful. Overall, the new ISD children's survey provides useful information for architects to address feedback gaps identified and will continue to improve with lessons from this case study.

Why Students Cannot Easily Integrate Component Skills: An Investigation of the Composition Effect in Programming

Programming skills are increasingly important to the current digital economy, yet these skills have long been regarded as challenging to acquire. A central challenge in learning programming skills involves the simultaneous use of multiple component skills. This article investigates why students struggle with integrating component skills—a challenge called the composition effect. This effect was first studied in learning mathematics, and findings in that area have led to more effective instruction in mathematics. In the current work, we systematically investigate the nature of the composition effect in novice code tracing through a classroom study in a university-level introductory programming course. We designed a set of problems that require integrating component skills, along with matched problems that use the same component skills separately. The composition effect was defined as the performance difference between these two types of problems. We further singled out errors that were committed in integration problems but not in the matched problems and conducted qualitative coding to categorize these errors. Statistical analyses produced three main findings. First, we found a robust composition effect across problems and students, mostly with small or medium effect sizes. Second, we identified two potential sources of errors for this composition effect: conceptual misunderstandings of how to integrate component skills and process errors resulting from slips related to cognitive load challenges. In particular, additional conceptual knowledge often appears to be needed when component skills are integrated in specific ways. Moreover, the primary source appears to be misunderstandings of how skills integrate. Composition effects may not generalize across topics, which suggests that domain topics may serve as the conceptual basis for the composition effect. Third, we found stable individual differences in susceptibility to the composition effect in both overall and finer-grained levels. Our findings provide implications for building theories that may generally explain challenges in learning complex skills and may result in practical designs for skill integration enhanced curricula and instruction to foster student mastery in computing education.

An overview of consumer preferences for souvenirs in China post-COVID

The COVID-19 epidemic had a major effect on the travel sector worldwide, with China's souvenir market being especially hard hit. Examining post-COVID-19 tourist preferences for memento designs, this study also attempts to explore the ramifications for the souvenir design business as the tourism sector starts to recover. In order to find pertinent publications from 2019 to June 2024, a systematic literature review procedure based on the PRISMA criteria was used to scan the Web of Science and Scopus databases. After screening the collected literature for research themes and post-pandemic development trends, the VOSviewer tool was used to perform keyword co-occurrence analysis. Four primary research issues were established by the study: (1) the rationale for cultural tourism; (2) community involvement; (3) technological integration design; and (4) cultural economic analysis. It was discovered that travellers prefer personalised travel experiences and engaging with local culture, and that creating keepsakes using technology is becoming more and more popular. Travellers' tastes for Chinese souvenir designs have changed since COVID-19, and they are now more interested in individualised experiences, cultural components, and technological integration. The study's conclusions offer legislators, souvenir designers, and other tourism industry practitioners insightful information on how to promote innovation and long-term economic success.

Exploration and Practice of Course Ideology and Politics Construction in Engineering Course of Application-oriented Universities

This paper analyzes the problems in the construction of course ideology and politics, uses information technology to enable the change of thinking mode, and explores the innovation research on the new carrier and new model. The concept of tree in computer science and technology is applied to the construction of course ideology and politics, based on that a standardized ideological and political case base is built and a closed-loop model is proposed. Through the integration design of the core value system and the entire process of education and teaching, the integrated development of professional construction and ideological and political education is realized.