Integration Of Renewable Energy Systems Research Articles

A comprehensive framework for electric vehicle charging station siting along highways using weighted sum method

The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) has led to an increased demand for strategically located EV charging stations (EVCSs) to ensure a balanced and accessible charging network. The siting of EVCS involves a multifaceted process that includes technological, economic, social, geographical, and environmental factors. An EVCS network should deliver high-quality service, alleviate drivers' range anxiety, and be compatible with renewable energy system integration, while also accounting for technical infrastructure and future expansion expectations. Resting areas along highways, equipped with amenities and grid connections, emerge as potential sites for EVCS installation. Accordingly, this study presents an EVCS siting framework along highways, integrating expert opinions from diverse disciplines. The proposed method employs expert opinions to weigh site selection criteria and then uses a clustering-based approach to identify suitable locations for EVCS siting, utilizing the weighted sum method. According to the experts, the most important criterion is determined as the service level of the candidate point with a weight of 0.375, followed by traffic density (0.218), and proximity to connection roads (0.215). The method is tested both on a test highway and the Edirne-Ankara highway, which is the most heavily used in Türkiye. The results demonstrate that the test highway identifies 13 out of 18 optimal locations using the clustering strategy. Similarly, the siting method identifies 18 out of 31 optimal EVCS locations along the Edirne-Ankara highway ensuring the distance constraints. This approach is scalable and adaptable for application on highways in various countries where EVCS infrastructure is still developing.

Conceptualizing sustainable offshore operations: integration of renewable energy systems

This paper conceptualizes sustainable offshore operations through the integration of renewable energy systems, focusing on the adoption of solar-powered systems for remote applications. Drawing on Osayi's experience in this field, the paper proposes frameworks for the adoption of renewable energy in offshore operations, highlighting key considerations and strategies for successful implementation. The integration of renewable energy systems in offshore operations is essential for reducing environmental impact, increasing energy efficiency, and ensuring long-term sustainability. Osayi's experience with solar-powered systems for remote applications provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with this integration. The proposed frameworks for the adoption of renewable energy in offshore operations encompass several key elements. Firstly, a thorough assessment of energy needs and resources is essential to determine the feasibility and potential benefits of integrating renewable energy systems. Secondly, careful planning and design are crucial to ensure that renewable energy systems are integrated seamlessly into existing offshore operations, taking into account factors such as location, energy demand, and system compatibility. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement and collaboration in the adoption of renewable energy systems. Effective communication and collaboration between industry stakeholders, regulators, and local communities are essential for overcoming barriers and ensuring the successful implementation of renewable energy projects in offshore operations. Overall, the paper provides valuable insights and frameworks for the adoption of renewable energy in offshore operations, drawing on Osayi's experience with solar-powered systems for remote applications. By integrating renewable energy systems into offshore operations, companies can reduce their carbon footprint, improve energy efficiency, and contribute to a more sustainable future for the offshore industry.

Review Artificial Intelligence Applications in Renewable Energy Systems Integration

The transition to renewable energy (RE) sources is critical for addressing global energy demands and environmental concerns. This review paper focuses on the pivotal role of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) in optimizing and predicting the performance of RE systems, particularly solar and wind power. We explore various applications of these advanced technologies in forecasting energy demand and consumption, predicting the output power of renewable systems, and optimizing the operation and maintenance of these systems. The paper also delves into the significance of Explainable AI (XAI) in enhancing the transparency and understandability of AI models in energy applications. Our comprehensive analysis reveals that while ML and DL offer transformative potential in the RE sector, challenges such as data complexity, system integration, and model interpretability remain. Concluding, this work aims to provide a foundation for future research and development in this rapidly evolving field, asserting that the continued advancement and integration of AI technologies in RE systems is essential for achieving a sustainable and efficient energy future.

A Case Study of Maritime Hydrogen Energy Development in Jiangsu Province in China

This study aims to develop a systematic review of hydrogen energy storage technologies and maritime applications, intending to present an international perspective on the matter. This study analyses the role of advanced storage methods in enabling renewable energy systems integration in coastal regions, using Jiangsu Province of China as an example. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used as the research method. Data was obtained from research studies over the period 2015–2023. The analysis included a total of 96 papers from Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect databases. Results show that Europe and East Asia led publications at the intersection of hydrogen storage and marine applications over the past decade. One of the main issues associated with maritime hydrogen adoption found in the dissertation is related to the mismatch between technological readiness levels and commercial maturity. Findings indicate promise for fuel cell integration with ships, ports, offshore wind farms, and other coastal transport sectors. However, the realization of the project depends on infrastructure development, policy support, and viable business models tailored to the marine environment. Focused demonstration projects and public-private collaboration can further progress towards robust hydrogen-based energy storage ecosystems in suitable regions like Jiangsu and beyond.

The integration of solar-hydrogen hybrid renewable energy systems in oil and gas industries for energy efficiency: Optimal sizing using Fick's Law optimisation Algorithm

The global demand for sustainable energy solutions in the oil and gas industry has stimulated interest in the integration of renewable energy sources. This paper investigates the techno-economic and environmental aspects of incorporating a solar-hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy system (SHRES) into oil and gas processing facilities.The proposed SHRES, comprising Solar PV modules, hydrogen production and storage systems, and a gas turbine generator (PV-FC-EL-Tank-GT), aims to enhance energy efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint of energy-intensive operations. The study utilises a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing engineering, economics, and environmental analysis. The techno-economic evaluation employs detailed modelling and optimisation using Fick's Law Algorithm, ensuring efficient energy production and cost-effectiveness. Ecological assessments quantify potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts.The technical and economic evaluation identifies the electrolyser system as the most significant cost contributor (57%). The optimised system balances energy sources with 45% from PV modules, 35% from fuel cells, and 20% from gas turbines, showcasing substantial reliance on renewable energy while maintaining required power generation.Addressing the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions in the oil and gas industry, the study highlights the potential of SHRES integration. By employing Fick's Law Algorithm, alongside with 80 % of renewable energy integration, the research optimises system components to optimise the annualised cost to be $57,539.85, decrease to zero the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP), and mitigate CO2 emissions to a lowest value of 0.147 gCO2eq/kWh (by 80 %). The electrolyser system's pivotal role and the distribution of power generation sources are emphasised.This study presents a novel approach to integrating solar-hydrogen systems into oil and gas processing facilities, aiming for sustainability. The findings underscore the significance of the electrolyser system and the distribution of power generation sources in optimising the SHRES. Recommendations for renewable energy integration and potential reductions in CO2 emissions and costs are discussed, providing valuable insights for future energy policies.

Integration of Renewable Energy Systems in Desalination

Desalination plants, which provide drinking water for residents, rely on electricity generated by fossil fuels. However, the excessive use of fossil fuels leads to their rapid depletion and has detrimental effects on the environment. Thus, the use of renewable energy resources in water desalination has gained popularity. The current research investigates the integration of renewable energy systems with seawater and brackish water desalination technologies. In this regard, three primary renewable energy sources—wind, solar, and geothermal—are selected. Accordingly, a thorough investigation of the related research published and the trend of evolutions between 2013 and 2023 is carried out for Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multistage flash (MSF), and Multi-effect distillation (MED)-based water desalination facilities coupled with renewable energy sources. In our investigation, we particularly focus on performance indicators, energy efficiency, economic factors, and environmental effects. Also, the associated challenges of these hybrid systems, such as technological complexity, unpredictability, and intermittency, are addressed. Prospects for the future that address these issues and the prospects of using renewable energy in water desalination technologies are also covered.

Optimal sizing and power losses reduction of photovoltaic systems using PSO and LCL filters.

The integration of renewable energy systems into electricity grids is a solution for strengthening electricity distribution networks (SEDNs). Renewable energies such as solar photovoltaics are suitable for reinforcing a low-voltage line by offering an electrical energy storage system. However, the integration of photovoltaic systems can lead to problems of harmonic distortion due to the presence of direct current or non-linear feedback in networks from other sources. Therefore, connection standards exist to ensure the quality of the energy before injection at a point of common coupling (PCC). In this work, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to control a boost converter and to evaluate the power losses and the harmonic distortion rate. The test on the IEEE 14 bus standard makes it possible to determine the allocation or integration nodes for other sources such as biomass, wind or hydrogen generators, in order to limit the impact of harmonic disturbances (LIHs). The evaluation of the harmonic distortion rate, the power losses as well as the determination of the system size is done using an objective function defined based on the integration and optimization constraints of the system. The proposed model performs better since the grid current and voltage are stabilized in phase after the photovoltaic source is injected.

Preface

The advent of the fourth information revolution has made the digital economy a major driver of energy transition and low-carbon development. The overall architecture of smart energy is based on intelligence as the core, and based on infrastructure platforms such as intelligent cloud and IoT, as well as AI middle platform, Data middle office ether, etc. And with the help of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, digital twins and other technologies, smart energy can promote the intelligent transformation of energy enterprises ultimately.Against such background, the 2023 2nd International Conference on Smart Energy and Electrical Engineering (SEEE 2023) was held via hybrid form during December 22nd to 24th, 2023 in Malaysia. It was attended by about 50 researchers, scientists, engineers, and students working in the fields of smart energy and electrical engineering.The aims of SEEE 2023 are:To create an academic forum for sharing, communication and research at the international level, so that participants can be informed of the latest research directions, contents and results of smart energy and electrical engineering.To provide approaches to the main problems facing smart energy and electrical engineering, creating spaces that encourage discussion and joint development of research, technology development, and innovation.The excellent papers selected form the submissions were approved for presentation at the Conference and publication in this Conference Proceedings. Among the submissions are some submitted from abroad, but are unfortunately not accepted after rigorous review processes.There was an enabling environment for discussion and exchange of ideas, during which topics such as Core Technology of Intelligent Energy Equipment, Smart Transmission and Distribution, Power Grid Dispatching and Automatic Control, Power Systems and Energy, Electrical Theory and New Technology, etc. were presented. Some of the important issues were the sharing and discussion of Wireless Power Transfer and its Application on Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging by Prof. Yiming Zhang (Fuzhou University, China), Corona Loss Characteristics of EHV/UHV AC Transmission Lines by A. Prof. Shilong Huang (North China Electric Power University, China), Integrated Renewable Energy System based on Hydrogen by Prof. Mohan Lal Kolhe (University of Agder, Norway), etc.As in the last meeting, SEEE 2023 was again a space for the integration of undisputed knowledge and sharing of peer experiences within the specific areas of smart energy and electrical engineering. Both conference and presentation sessions were attended by many conference attendees, allowing closer relationships, both academic, as well as scientific and personal. The cordiality and good treatment of the attendees promoted a climate of friendship, which we could enjoy during all the development of the conference agenda.We would like to extend an enthusiastic round of thanks to all our conference authors and speakers for their excellent contributions. We are indebted to the Technical Program Committee for their efforts in making and pushing the conference program. Thanks also to the members of Journal of Physics: Conference Series for making the publication of SEEE 2023’s Proceedings possible.List of Committee Member is available in this pdf.

Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine Grid-Connected Systems under LVRT Conditions

The integration of grid-connected renewable energy systems has gained significant attention and introduces several challenges and considerations. One of these challenges is ensuring the reliable and stable operation of these systems under various grid conditions. For example, faults at the grid could lead problems such as DC-link over-voltage and AC over-current that may cause disconnection or damage to inverter. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the performance of photovoltaic (PV) and doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine grid-connected systems under low voltage ride-through (LVRT) conditions. The study aims to investigate their behavior, and stability during LVRT events and provide insights for enhancing their grid integration capabilities. The PV and DFIG systems are modelled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink under three difference conditions, with and without using reactive current injection and DC chopper circuit. Various performance parameters, including grid voltage, grid current, DC-link voltage, active power, and reactive power, are analyzed to assess the system's behavior and compare their responses. The principal results reveal distinct performance characteristics of the PV and DFIG systems. The PV system shows higher overshoot currents, over-voltage, and significant drops in active power during fault occurrences, while the DFIG system exhibits lower overshoot currents and better stability in the DC-link voltage. Reactive power responses differ between the systems, with the PV system demonstrating a higher capability for support. The implementation of DC chopper shows more effective in the reduction of DC-link voltage and overshoot grid current in the PV system compared to the DFIG system.

A New Smart Grid Hybrid DC–DC Converter with Improved Voltage Gain and Synchronized Multiple Outputs

This paper introduces a new hybrid DC–DC converter with enhanced voltage gain and synchronized multiple output capabilities, specifically tailored for smart grid applications. The proposed converter is based on the integration of non-isolated Zeta and Mahafzah converters, comprising a single controlled switch, two diodes, three inductors, and two coupling capacitors. The primary objective of this novel hybrid converter is to improve voltage gain as compared to conventional Zeta and Mahafzah topologies. By achieving higher voltage gain at lower duty cycles, the converter effectively reduces voltage stress on semiconductor switches and output diodes, thereby enhancing overall performance and reliability. A comprehensive examination of the hybrid converter’s operating principle is presented, along with detailed calculations of duty cycle and switching losses. The paper also explores the converter’s application in smart grids, specifically in the context of renewable energy systems and electric vehicles. Two distinct scenarios are analyzed to evaluate the converter’s efficacy. Firstly, the converter is assessed as a DC–DC converter for renewable energy systems, highlighting its relevance in sustainable energy applications. Secondly, the converter is evaluated as an electric vehicle adapter, showcasing its potential in the transportation sector. To validate the converter’s performance, extensive simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK with parameters set at 25 kW, 200 V, and 130 A. The simulation results demonstrate the converter’s ability to efficiently supply multiple loads with opposing energy flows, making it a promising technology for optimized grid management and energy distribution. Moreover, the paper investigates the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current, focusing on its impact in smart grid environments. Notably, the new hybrid converter topology achieves a THD of 21.11% for the grid current, indicating its ability to effectively mitigate harmonics and improve power quality. Overall, this research introduces a cutting-edge hybrid DC–DC converter that enhances voltage gain and synchronizes multiple outputs, specifically catering to the requirements of smart grid applications. The findings underscore the converter’s potential to significantly contribute to the advancement of efficient and resilient power conversion technologies for smart grids, enabling seamless integration of renewable energy systems and electric vehicles into the grid.

Design and analysis of L and LCL filters for grid-connected HNPC inverters used in renewable energy systems

With the widespread integration of renewable energy systems (RES) into the electric grid, maintaining power quality within specified limits has become a major focus. The total harmonic distortion (THD) value of the currents transferred to the grid and directly affecting power quality in (RES) such as grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cells (FC) should not exceed 5%. To achieve this objective, various filter topologies are used to interface between the inverters, which are components of PV and FC systems, and the grid.Although there are numerous filter topologies, L and LCL-type passive filters are the most commonly used topologies in grid-connected systems. This study analyzes the L and LCL-type filter topologies for the H-bridge neutral point clamped (HNPC) inverter. The study’s modeling was carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink®. By comparing the simulation results, L and LCL filters’ harmonic attenuation capabilities, maximum power transferred to the grid, and effects on grid current have all been investigated.

Output-feedback control of a grid-connected photovoltaic system based on a multilevel flying-capacitor inverter with power smoothing capability

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy systems, the power inertia and voltage support of the grid are low. Using the inverter with temporary storage capabilities cope with shortages and power fluctuations. This paper presents a new sensorless control of a single-phase grid-connected PV system based on a multilevel flying capacitor inverter MFCI) able to smooth out the power produced. The designed controller involves two cascade loops, an outer loop control extracts the maximum power despite climate change, and an inner loop consists of a model predictive control based on the Lyapunov theory for power factor correction and flying capacitor voltage balancing. Furthermore, an interconnected Kalman-like high-gain observer is combined with the predictive control algorithm to estimate the flying capacitor voltages accurately based on the actual grid current. The stability study of the suggested observer in the closed loop has been described. An algorithm that generates reference signals to manage power flows is also developed. The performance of the proposed controller has been verified on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controller over different grid operating modes.

Robust control for improving performance of grid-synchronized solar PV-BES-wind based microgrid

An integration of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) to the grid results in power quality issues at the point of interconnection. This paper proposes an approach to investigate and mitigate power quality issues and uncertainties associated with integration of a HRES that includes a solar photovoltaic (PV) array, a wind generator, and battery energy storage (BES). The system functions in grid tied mode, standalone mode and seamless mode transition between these modes. Primary objective of proposed control approach is to ensure stable and reliable operation while mitigating effects of power quality issues. To achieve this objective, proposed control approach employs advanced control strategies, including generalized fourth order filter (GFOF) for grid tied mode and phase angle estimation. An off-grid mode uncertainty and disturbances are overcome by proportional resonant based control. GFOF addresses multiple power quality issues associated with grid-connected mode, including robust performance during voltage unbalance, harmonics suppression, DC offset removal, weak grid conditions, and evaluation of unit templates. GFOF extracts fundamental load currents and voltages for evaluation of reference grid currents and phase angle. This precisely estimates frequency and phase angle for seamless synchronization. It provides adaptive mode transition. Power quality of currents is enhanced in both islanded and grid-connected modes through utilization of GFOF control, ensuring that total harmonic distortions (THDs) of grid currents remain below 5% (simulated THD is 1.77% and experimental THD is 3.80%), as specified by the IEEE-1547and 519 standards. A comparative analysis has justified efficacy of control. Simulated and experimental results confirm effectiveness of proposed controllers in various scenarios, demonstrating their ability to provide a favourable solution for controlling unfavourable grid conditions with technical strength and precision.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW OF DESIGN AND INTEGRATION CHALLENGES

As the global pursuit of sustainable energy intensifies, the integration of renewable energy sources into existing power systems has become a critical focal point for electrical engineers. This review explores the challenges and advancements in the field of Electrical Engineering concerning the design and integration of renewable energy systems. The transition from traditional fossil fuels to renewable sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate engineering aspects involved. The first section of the review delves into the design challenges faced by electrical engineers when developing efficient and reliable renewable energy systems. This encompasses the optimization of power generation from intermittent sources, the enhancement of energy conversion technologies, and the development of energy storage solutions to mitigate the inherent variability of renewables. Cutting-edge design methodologies and innovative materials are discussed to highlight the ongoing efforts to improve the performance and reliability of renewable energy systems. The second section focuses on the integration challenges encountered during the incorporation of renewable energy into existing power grids. Grid stability, power quality, and the management of decentralized energy sources pose significant hurdles. Electrical engineers are addressing these challenges through the implementation of advanced control systems, smart grid technologies, and energy management strategies. The review also explores the role of energy storage systems and the potential of emerging technologies like microgrids in facilitating seamless integration. Furthermore, the review examines the interdisciplinary nature of electrical engineering in the context of renewable energy, emphasizing the collaboration between electrical engineers, environmental scientists, and policymakers. The synergy between these disciplines is crucial for developing holistic solutions that address not only technical challenges but also environmental and regulatory considerations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design and integration challenges faced by electrical engineers in the realm of renewable energy systems. By understanding and overcoming these challenges, the global community can accelerate the transition towards a sustainable and resilient energy future.
 Keywords: Renewable energy, Energy Integration, Challenges, Electrical, Engineering, Review.

Metaheuristic Algorithms for Optimal Sizing of Renewable Energy Systems in Smart Grids

This research thoroughly examines the effectiveness of several metaheuristic algorithms in optimizing the dimensions of renewable energy systems in smart grids. It focuses on the urgent need for sustainable and efficient integration of energy. This study examines several optimization strategies by analyzing simulated datasets that represent renewable energy production profiles, energy consumption patterns, and battery storage performance. The data illustrates variations in the availability of renewable energy, with solar energy fluctuating between 500 kWh and 600 kWh, wind energy ranging from 280 kWh to 320 kWh, and hydro energy varying from 180 kWh to 220 kWh. Moreover, energy consumption patterns remain stable sectors, with throughout consumption levels ranging from 400 kWh to 430 kWh, 450 kWh to 480 kWh, and 600 kWh to 630 kWh, respectively. The examination of battery storage performance indicates that the charging efficiency ranges from 90% to 94% and the discharging efficiency ranges from 85% to 89%. Additionally, the depth of discharge ranges from 80% to 84% and the cycle life spans from 2000 cycles to 2400 cycles. By using several metaheuristic algorithms, the research produces a wide range of ideal size arrangements for solar panels, wind turbines, hydro turbines, and battery capacity. These suggested solutions exhibit variances that span from 3.23% to 20%. The results highlight the susceptibility of these algorithms to optimization goals, underlining the need of selecting appropriate algorithms that align with particular limitations and aims. The study's results illuminate the potential of metaheuristic algorithms in attaining effective and sustainable integration of renewable energy systems inside smart grids. This paves the path for informed decision-making and future developments in renewable energy management methods.

Environmental Sustainability Implications and Economic Prosperity of Integrated Renewable Solutions in Urban Development

The increasing urbanization and growth of cities worldwide have led to a significant increase in energy demand. As a transition to a low carbon environment occurs, the role of renewable and sustainable energy systems in urban areas is benefiting industry and the environment alike. From this perspective, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have a lot to offer to the energy industry, particularly the integration of renewable and sustainable energy systems for environmental protection in cities. This study presents a comprehensive view that integrates technological, economic, political, and social challenges confronted with the effective implementation of renewable and sustainable energy in urban cities and proposes a solution agenda to overcome these hurdles with the aid of the SDGs. The weights for the challenges of adopting renewable and sustainable energy systems were determined using the Fuzzy Best-Worst Method. The SDGs were then ranked using the fuzzy TOPSIS technique to overcome predetermined challenges. The originality of this study lies in finding solutions to the determined challenges by adopting SDGs, emphasizing the need for integrated solutions that address energy-related concerns, and highlighting the role and importance of SDGs in environmental protection. The study highlights the importance of SDGs in promoting renewable energy integration in urban areas, with SDG 11 being the most crucial to mitigate harmful environmental occurrences related to energy-related issues in urban areas, followed by SDG 7 and SDG 13.

Optimal sizing and technical assessment of a hybrid renewable energy solution for off-grid community center power

Decentralized energy generation systems based on renewable sources have significant potential to assist in the sustainable development of developing countries. The small-scale integration of hybrid renewable energy systems in off-grid communities has not been thoroughly researched. The primary objective is to develop a preliminary design for a PV/biogas hybrid system that can meet the energy needs of an off-grid community center. A survey was conducted to calculate the energy demands of an off-grid community center and a hybrid renewable system has been designed to supply the electricity. The optimum designed system is evaluated by the PVSYST simulation software and SuperPro Designer software. The annual production of the PV system is 34428 kWh/year, specific production is 1118 kWh/kWp/year, and the performance ratio is 81.72%. All the factors that contribute to energy loss are considered in designing a PV system. The average operating efficiency of the inverter is 92.6%, and global inverter losses are 2752.4 kWh. The biogas simulation findings show an adequate match with the composition of conventional biogas and contains 89.64% methane and 5.99% carbon dioxide content. Two sensitivity analyses of biogas based on hydraulic retention time and moisture content have been performed. Measurements readings of hourly data are used to analyse the performance of PV, biogas system as well as the hybrid system performance. At day time, the maximum power generation of the hybrid PV/Biogas and the maximum load demand of the community at that time are 25.2 kW and 24.31 kW, respectively. At night time, the maximum power generation of the hybrid system and the maximum load demand are 9 kW and 8.3 kW, respectively. The power factor (PF) of the system fluctuates between 0.92 and 0.98 and the frequency of the system is constant at 50 HZ.

Development of an Energy Community through semi-dynamic simulation of a urban social housing

Energy communities (ECs) are instrumental in driving the transition to renewable energy in urban areas. This study focuses on implementing ECs in Rome’s Tor Bella Monaca district, with a particular focus on linear mass housing. Using the Urban Modeling Interface (UMI) and Simulink, four energy community scenarios were simulated to evaluate their potential outcomes. The scenarios involved integrating photovoltaics and heat pumps into the community’s infrastructure to assess their impact on renewable energy production and CO2 reduction. The results demonstrate that higher electrification within an energy community leads to increased self-consumption of renewable energy and reduced reliance on the grid. Furthermore, the integration of heat pumps enhances energy consumption efficiency. This research highlights the significant potential of energy communities and innovative technologies in managing local renewable energy resources effectively. It provides valuable insights for developing sustainable energy models in urban areas. It emphasizes the importance of carefully evaluating technology sizing, integration, and the inclusion of thermal and electrical storage to maximize self-consumption while minimizing CO2 emissions. The study’s findings offer practical guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders involved in sustainable energy management. They underscore the need for a holistic approach that combines technological advancements, community engagement, and thoughtful integration of renewable energy systems. Ultimately, this research contributes to the adoption of energy communities as crucial elements of a resilient and environmentally-friendly future.

Emerging trends in sustainable design: Integrating museums for a resilient future

The paper unfolds the intricate tapestry of sustainable design, weaving in the pivotal role of renewable energy systems and astutely tying it to the eco-conscious blueprint of modern museums. The introduction sheds light on the potent impact of sustainable design in mitigating environmental hurdles and fostering a greener, more sustainable future, with a nuanced nod towards sustainability in museum management and design. Motivated by an aspiration to traverse diverse viewpoints and methodologies in sustainable design, the research stretches across numerous sectors—encompassing construction, architecture, engineering, manufacturing, software development, and notably, museum design, intending to carve out energy-sparing and ecologically mindful solutions. This paper underscores the imperative of astute design practices that optimize structures, such as museums, to maximize the utilization of renewable energy resources like solar arrays, wind turbines, and geothermal systems. It advocates for a burgeoning need to escalate the horizon of sustainable design beyond singular buildings, intertwining standalone energy systems at multiple tiers—from community power grids to expansive urban networks—ensuring a streamlined energy distribution and curbing waste. Wading through the literature review, an exploration of varied sustainable design strategies unfolds, encompassing facets like supply chain management, product safety, architectural design, manufacturing, food packaging, transportation, and pedagogy, with a specific lens on embedding sustainability in museum infrastructure and operations. The culmination of the paper discerns ten cardinal trends in sustainable design, spanning from the integration of renewable energy systems to the infusion of sustainable education and positive psychological interventions in educational institutions, thereby spotlighting the metamorphosing terrain of sustainable design across an array of disciplines.

Optimal sizing of an integrated renewable energy system and effective utilization of surplus energy in electric vehicle charging

Renewable energy based power generation has proven to be a viable standalone option in areas where extending the grid is challenging. This study addresses this issue by assessing the possibility of an integrated renewable energy system (IRES) to electrify twelve villages in the Uttarakhand state of India. Four battery energy storage (BES) devices, namely Lead-Acid (LA), Sodium-Sulfur (NAS), Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion), and Nickel-Iron (Ni-Fe) are considered for storage in this study. Using the Chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA) on the MATLAB© platform, eight different configurations consisting of solar photovoltaic (SPV) array, a micro-hydropower (MHP) plant, and a biogas generator (BGG) are modeled and optimized. The study reveals that the optimal IRES configuration with the lowest cost and highest performance comprises 676 SPV panels (260 kWp), one MHP plant (25 kW), one BGG (40 kW), and 648 NAS batteries (778 kWh). This configuration has a total system life cycle cost (LCC) of INR 68.77 million and cost of energy (COE) of 16.77 INR/kWh at 0 % loss of power supply probability. The optimization problem was run 1–50 times and found that the proposed ChOA algorithm is more robust compared to others, displaying the lowest Best, Worst, and Mean values of LCC (across all eight configurations), convergence rapidity (26th iteration), and least computational time (3481 sec). However, GWO (seven configurations), MFO (34th iteration), and GA (4154 sec) stand very close to ChOA performance in terms of providing minimum LCCs, convergence rapidity, and computational time, respectively. Furthermore, surplus energy (SE) is effectively utilized by incorporating electric vehicles (EVs) as dump load in the system. The proposed integrated charging (IC) strategy outperforms other charging strategies by energizing 134 EVs, utilizing 99.59 % of SE, and reducing the total COE to 10.57 INR/kWh. Finally, the proposed IC strategy results in a net saving of 94,479.39 tons of greenhouse gas emissions. These findings support the feasibility of implementing a standalone IRES to electrify the study area and provide electricity to EVs.