Integration Of Electrochemistry Research Articles

Ultralow Detection of Mancozeb Using Two-Dimensional Cobalt Telluride (CoTe2).

Pesticides are crucial in modern agriculture because they reduce pests and boost yield, but they also represent major risks to human health and the environment; therefore, it is important to monitor their presence in food. Reliable and precise detection techniques are possible ways to address this issue. In this work, we utilize atomically thin (two-dimensional) cobalt telluride (CoTe2) with a high surface area and charge as a template material to detect mancozeb using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. When mancozeb (MNZ) molecules interact with 2D CoTe2, spectroscopic analyses reveal distinctive spectral shifts that clarify the underlying chemical interactions and binding mechanisms. Furthermore, CoTe2's electroactive sites and their manipulation for improved sensitivity and selectivity toward certain MNZ molecules are investigated by electrochemical studies. The CoTe2/GCE electrode exhibits enhanced electrochemical activity toward the electrooxidation of MNZ. The developed sensing electrode shows a linear range from 0.184 mM to 18.48 μM and a limit of detection of about 0.18 μM. In addition, we employ density functional theory (DFT) first-principles calculations to validate the experimental findings and comprehend the mechanism behind the interaction between CoTe2 and MNZ molecules. The study highlights the effectiveness of 2D CoTe2 as a dual-mode sensing platform for qualitative and quantitative assessment of MNZ pollutants, demonstrated by the integration of electrochemistry and spectroscopy and the critical role that 2D CoTe2-based sensors can play in accurate and efficient pesticide detection, which is required for agricultural safety protocols and environmental monitoring.

Compact In Situ Electrochemical NMR with Wireless and Anti-interference Strategy in Multiscenario Applications.

The integration of electrochemistry with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy recently offers a powerful approach to understanding oxidative metabolism, detecting reactive intermediates, and predicting biological activities. This combination is particularly effective as electrochemical methods provide excellent mimics of metabolic processes, while NMR spectroscopy offers precise chemical analysis. NMR is already widely utilized in the quality control of pharmaceuticals, foods, and additives and in metabolomic studies. However, the introduction of additional and external connections into the magnet has posed challenges, leading to signal deterioration and limitations in routine measurements. Herein, we report an anti-interference compact in situ electrochemical NMR system (AICISENS). Through a wireless strategy, the compact design allows for the independent and stable operation of electrochemical NMR components with effective interference isolation. Thus, it opens an avenue toward easy integration into in situ platforms, applicable not only to laboratory settings but also to fieldwork. The operability, reliability, and versatility were validated with a series of biomimetic assessments, including measurements of microbial electrochemical systems, functional foods, and simulated drug metabolisms. The robust performance of AICISENS demonstrates its high potential as a powerful analytical tool across diverse applications.

Computational modeling of coupled mechanical damage and electrochemistry in ternary oxide composite electrodes

Performance degradation of ternary layered oxide cathodes largely originates from their loss of structural integrity in cyclic usage. Mechanical damage, such as intergranular fracture of the active particles, is not only a mechanical cleavage process but also interferes with electrochemical kinetics such as infiltration of liquid electrolyte, surface corrosion of the constituent primary particles, and may eventually isolate the primary grains from the electron conducting network. Here we develop a computational framework that integrates electrochemistry of a LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMC) composite cathode with mechanical damage of the active particles. To fully examine the intricate chemomechanical behavior of the electrode, we evaluate the effects of the anisotropic material properties, the influence of mechanical potential on Li transport, and the concurrent intergranular fracture and electrolyte penetration along the grain boundaries upon multiple cycles. Electrolyte infiltration benefits capacity retention but aggravates further mechanical damage by corrosion. Structural failure mostly occurs in the first charging due to the anisotropic mechanical strain between the primary grains, while the resulting damage remains stable in the later few cycles. The results are consistent with experimental observations and the integration of electrochemistry and mechanical failure enables a step further understanding of the complex mechanism of battery degradation.

Sensing of Harmful Dyes in Food Particles Using Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Analysis

Azo-dyes, including Allura Red, Sunset Yellow (SY), Brilliant Blue, and Tartrazine (Tz), are commonly utilized as food coloring additives because of their affordability and durability. The dyes SY and Tz are widely employed within this dye group because of their comparable hues and frequent co-application in food items. Despite their beneficial industrial applications, these substances include a toxicity profile that poses risks, including the potential for undesirable consequences such as allergies, asthma, cancer, DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and nervousness. In light of these factors, employing susceptible, cost-effective, straightforward, and expeditious sensors to examine azo-hazardous dyes is imperative. Electrochemical nanosensors (ENS), which integrate the distinctive characteristics of electrochemistry with nanotechnology, are very advantageous devices that find extensive application in analyzing azo dyes. In this paper, the exterior of a Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) has been subjected to modification by the incorporation of calixarene (Cx) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to facilitate the improvement and integration of electrochemistry with nanotechnology. The sensing capability of the Modified GCE (MGCE) nanosensor with Cx and AuNP has been evaluated by the utilization of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The study aimed to examine the impact of various factors to determine the optimal circumstances for obtaining the most favorable reaction from the target analytical substances. The signals of the chosen food dyes have been significantly improved when using the MGCE nanocomposite, which is attributed to the synergistic interaction between Cx and AuNP compared to the unmodified GCE. The sensor platform that was built also showed notable performance characteristics when utilized to detect food colors in food samples. Furthermore, the observed high percentage of recovery, consistent repeatability, and durability indicate the potential use of the developed electrochemical platform to examine actual samples.

Emerging Electrochemical Biosensing Trends for Rapid Diagnosis of COVID-19 Biomarkers as Point-of-Care Platforms: A Critical Review.

Rapid diagnosis is a critical aspect associated with controlling the spread of COVID-19. Electrochemical sensor platforms are ideally suited for rapid and highly sensitive detection of biomolecules. This review focuses on state-of-the-art of COVID-19 biomarker detection by utilizing electrochemical biosensing platforms. Point-of-care (POC) sensing is one of the most promising and emerging fields in detecting and quantifying health biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors play a major role in the development of point-of-care devices because of their high sensitivity, specificity, and ability for rapid analysis. Integration of electrochemistry with point-of-care technologies in the context of COVID-19 diagnosis and screening has facilitated in convenient operation, miniaturization, and portability. Identification of potential biomarkers in disease diagnosis is crucial for patient monitoring concerning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we will discuss the choice of biomarkers in addition to the various types of electrochemical sensors that have been developed to meet the needs of rapid detection and disease severity analysis.

ELEKTROKOAGÜLASYON İLE SU ARITMA

Electrochemistry is the science that study, the effect of the electricity on the phase of matter by producing chemical reactions, which causes this effect. Several applications and technologies such as; batteries, fuel cells, and industries, such as aluminum industry depend on theories of electrochemistry science. Integration of electrochemistry with other chemistry science such as; environmental chemistry, contributes highly in serving environment to be clean, and safe. One of electrochemistry applications in waste water treatment is the electrocoagulation; which considered as; one of the best water treatment methods. This technology depends on electrolysis of aluminum or steel anode, to produce ions, can be react with water ions, and producing new complex polymeric compounds that will flocculate the suspended particles, and deposit it in the bottom of electrocoagulation tank. Using this technology, takes avital role in cancelling the need of coagulation chemicals, and thickeners, beside that the level of electrical current that used is low. But some limits still exist; such as; the regular need to replace the anodic electrode, because it dissolves in water, electricity may be expensive in some places.

Silver nanowire-carbon nanotube/coal-based carbon composite membrane with fascinating antimicrobial ability and antibiofouling under electrochemical assistance

Biofouling caused by microorganism is a serious problem that inhibits the application of membrane technology in wastewater treatment. To overcome this drawback, a novel silver nanowire-carbon nanotube/coal-based carbon (AgNW-CNT/CC) composite membrane was prepared with fascinating antimicrobial ability and electrochemically enhanced biofouling resistance. The addition of AgNWs could significantly enhance its antibacterial activity of the AgNW-CNT/CC composite membrane by releasing the silver ions or direct contact and accelerated bacterial detachment from membrane surface. The final flux of AgNW-CNT/CC composite membrane (70.5 % of its initial value) was 1.57 times higher than that for the CNT/CC membrane (45 % of its initial value) without an external voltage. Importantly, incorporating AgNWs was beneficial for electrochemical assistance, which exhibited a prominent synergistic antibiofouling performance. The flux of the cathodic AgNW-CNT/CC composite membrane was stable with acceptable flux loss (95.7 % of its initial value) under a low-voltage of 3.5 V, demonstrating the bacteria migration to the membrane surface can be inhibited by electrostatic repulsive and micro-bubbles generated via water electrolysis, thus promoting the inactivated bacteria to leave the membrane surface and avoid the formation of a biofilm, while the steady-state flux declined to 82.5 % of its initial value for electrochemically assisted CNT/CC membrane. Moreover, the regeneration of the fouled membrane can be achieved by applying an intermittent external voltage to promote the inactivated bacteria away from the membrane surface. These results suggested that the integration of electrochemistry with antimicrobial modification offers a new insight for biofouling mitigation during membrane separation.

Probing Dynamic Mass Transport at Multivalent Battery Interfaces

The integration of electrochemistry and materials has developed rapidly over the past decade and is now a key contributor in many important applications, one emerging area is to design efficient energy storage devices at low cost. Many of these savings are driven by utilizing the higher abundance chemical elements from the earth's crust, for instance Zn, Mg or Ca. Despite some successful research advances in recent decades, there is a lack of an in-depth analysis of the electrolyte/electrode interface for multivalent battery systems. One major difficulty is the lack of capability to provide direct in-situ interfacial information without perturbing its chemical environment. Efforts from the presented work aim to probe and quantify the solid electrolyte interface formation in-situ. We aim to understand at the interface, how parasitic reactions affects or disrupts the mass transport processes and shuts down the cycling of the multivalent electrode material.

Integration of electrochemistry with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

This study presents the development of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) mass spectrometry (MS) combined with electrochemistry (EC) for the first time and its application for the structural analysis of proteins/peptides that contain disulfide bonds. In our approach, a protein/peptide mixture sample undergoes a fast UPLC separation and subsequent electrochemical reduction in an electrochemical flow cell followed by online MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses. The electrochemical cell is coupled to the mass spectrometer using our recently developed desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) interface. Using this UPLC/EC/DESI-MS method, peptides that contain disulfide bonds can be differentiated from those without disulfide bonds, as the former are electroactive and reducible. MS/MS analysis of the disulfide-reduced peptide ions provides increased information on the sequence and disulfide-linkage pattern. In a reactive DESI- MS detection experiment in which a supercharging reagent was used to dope the DESI spray solvent, increased charging was obtained for the UPLC-separated proteins. Strikingly, upon online electrolytic reduction, supercharged proteins (e.g., α-lactalbumin) showed even higher charging, which will be useful in top- down protein structure MS analysis as increased charges are known to promote protein ion dissociation. Also, the separation speed and sensitivity are enhanced by approximately 1(~)2 orders of magnitude by using UPLC for the liquid chromatography (LC)/EC/MS platform, in comparison to the previously used high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This UPLC/EC/DESI-MS method combines the power of fast UPLC separation, fast electrochemical conversion, and online MS structural analysis for a potentially valuable tool for proteomics research and bioanalysis.

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) cross-linked carbon paste electrodes for microfluidic electrochemical sensing

Recently, the development of electrochemical biosensors as part of microfluidic devices has garnered a great deal of attention because of the small instrument size and portability afforded by the integration of electrochemistry in microfluidic systems. Electrode fabrication, however, has proven to be a major obstacle in the field. Here, an alternative method to create integrated, low cost, robust, patternable carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) for microfluidic devices is presented. The new CPEs are composed of graphite powder and a binder consisting of a mixture of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and mineral oil. The electrodes are made by filling channels molded in previously cross-linked PDMS using a method analogous to screen printing. The optimal binder composition was investigated to obtain electrodes that were physically robust and performed well electrochemically. After studying the basic electrochemistry, the PDMS-oil CPEs were modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) for the detection of catecholamines and thiols, respectively, to demonstrate the ease of electrode chemical modification. Significant improvement of analyte signal detection was observed from both types of modified CPEs. A nearly 2-fold improvement in the electrochemical signal for 100 μM dithiothreitol (DTT) was observed when using a CoPC modified electrode (4.0 ± 0.2 nA (n = 3) versus 2.5 ± 0.2 nA (n = 3)). The improvement in signal was even more pronounced when looking at catecholamines, namely dopamine, using MWCNT modified CPEs. In this case, an order of magnitude improvement in limit of detection was observed for dopamine when using the MWCNT modified CPEs (50 nM versus 500 nM). CoPC modified CPEs were successfully used to detect thiols in red blood cell lysate while MWCNT modified CPEs were used to monitor temporal changes in catecholamine release from PC12 cells following stimulation with potassium.