Integration Of Diagnosis Research Articles

Target detection and simultaneous degradation of furazolidone by molecularly imprinted CoWO4/g-C3N4

In this study, a "Two birds with one stone" strategy was employed to concurrently address the challenges of electrochemical detection and photocatalytic degradation of the environmentally hazardous furazolidone (FRZ). An innovative molecularly imprinted CoWO4/g-C3N4 (i.e. MIP-CoWO4/g-C3N4) nanomaterials was constructed through a combination of hydrothermal and electrochemical polymerization techniques. The resulting MIP-CoWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites can be served as an exceptional sensing platform for FRZ detection, demonstrating low detection limit (2.61×10−13 mol L−1), considerable sensitivity (2.03 μA. nM−1. mm−2), excellent selectivity and decent stability. Meanwhile, the MIP-CoWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites exhibited remarkable photocatalytic efficiency for FRZ degradation (79.87 %). In addition, the systematic investigation into the impact of operational reaction parameters on both the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reactions was conducted, elucidating the plausible mechanisms for both detecting and degrading FRZ. This research provides firm foundation for the development of multifunctional nanomaterials, further advancing the "integration of diagnosis and treatment" in environmental management and control.

Empowering Pharmacy Graduates to Diagnose and Prescribe

This commentary underscores the diagnosis and prescribing skills essential to the pharmacists' role on the healthcare team. It advocates for the integration of these skills into pharmacy curricula and emphasizes the urgent need for collaboration among pharmacy educators and the academy to address the omission of diagnosis and prescribing from key frameworks and standards, including the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process (PPCP), the Curricular Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities (COEPA), and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Draft Accreditation Standards 2025. The commentary draws on a case study of one college of pharmacy's integration of diagnosis and prescribing skills into its PharmD curriculum, in a state where pharmacists were granted full diagnostic and prescriptive authority. The integration was achieved through faculty-led modifications to the PPCP and COEPA, making diagnosis and prescribing an explicit part of the curriculum. The commentary concludes with a call to action for educational organizations to recognize and include these aspects in educational outcomes, accreditation standards, and practice frameworks. By doing so, the future of pharmacy education can be reshaped to improve patient care and advance the profession forward.

Efficient synthesis of multifunctional α-Fe2O3 QDs/TS-1 as an artificial nanozyme for simultaneous colorimetric detection and photodegradation of tetracyclines

In this study, a multifunctional catalyst was developed innovatively by loading α-Fe2O3 quantum dots (QDs) onto Titanium Silicalite-1 (TS-1), creating an artificial nanozyme capable of simultaneously detecting, adsorbing, and photodegrading tetracyclines (TCs) in water. The catalyst demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 19.7 μg/L for oxytetracycline (OTC), 23.1 μg/L for doxycycline (DOX), and 35.9 μg/L for tetracycline (TC). The peroxidase-mimic activity of the nanozyme, which was enhanced by TCs and caused a visible color change in 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), was thoroughly investigated using DFT calculations. Additionally, the artificial nanozyme exhibited exceptional adsorption capabilities and photocatalytic activity under solar light irradiation, achieving a total removal rate of about 70 %. The underlying mechanism was also studied. This research provided valuable insights for the scalable production of multifunctional catalysts, thereby advancing the practical application of “integration of diagnosis and treatment” strategies for managing and controlling TCs in the environment.

Diagnostic pattern of mental, neurological and substance use disorders at primary health care facilities in Uganda

Integration of diagnosis and treatment for mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders into primary health care is a recommended strategy to improve access to services in low-and middle-income countries. Despite numerous initiatives for integration of mental health care in Uganda, there has not been an evaluation of health management information system (HMIS) records to determine whether MNS disorders are routinely diagnosed. We sought to determine diagnostic pattern of MNS disorders at primary health facilities in Wakiso and Kampala districts, the most populous regions of Uganda. Lower-level primary health facilities were visited to obtain records from HMIS registers, to document diagnoses of MNS disorders. Secondary data analysis was conducted and descriptive statistics reported. A total of 40 primary health care facilities were visited representing 58.6% of the health facilities in the study districts. More than half (54.8%) and almost all (87.5%) of the lower-level health facilities in Wakiso district and Kampala district respectively were visited. The proportion of MNS disorders diagnosed at lower-level primary health facilities in Uganda is very low with Epilepsy the most common MNS diagnosis recorded. Reasons for such low numbers of diagnoses at primary health facilities are discussed as are possible solutions.

Enhanced contrast imaging with polyamide 6/Fe(OH)3 nanofibrous scaffolds: A focus on high T1 relaxivity

Nanofibers serve as widely employed tissue engineering scaffolds in diverse biomedical applications. When implanted in vivo, it is crucial for tissue engineering scaffolds to be visualizable, enabling the monitoring of their shape, position, and performance. This capability facilitates the effective assessment of implant deformations, displacements, degradations, and functionalities. However, in many biomedical imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the contrast of tissue engineering scaffolds is often inadequate. MRI is particularly notable for its effectiveness in imaging soft tissues. Previous endeavors to enhance the contrast of tissue engineering scaffolds in MRI have involved the use of negative contrast agents (CAs). Nonetheless, negative CAs can result in artifacts, thus favoring the preference for positive CAs due to their ability to generate clearer boundaries. In this study, we successfully prepared composite polyamide 6 nanofibrous scaffolds with ultrafine dispersion Fe(OH)3 nanoparticles using electrospinning and in-situ growth techniques. The relaxation properties of the magnetic nanofibrous scaffolds confirmed the successful production of scaffolds suitable for positive imaging. In vitro cell seeding experiments demonstrated the efficient proliferation and adhesion of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In vivo studies further revealed the biocompatibility and functionality of the scaffolds. These findings indicate that the prepared PA6/Fe(OH)3 composite nanofibrous scaffolds can enable straightforward, safe, and efficient in vivo positive contrast MRI monitoring, thereby playing a pivotal role in the integration of diagnosis and treatment within tissue engineering scaffolds.

Development of tumor marker detection and tumor treatment based on silver nanozymes

Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme activity (nanozymes) have been widely used as artificial enzymes in biomedicine, especially in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Herein, a kind of water-soluble silver nanozyme (Ag@GQD) was developed with a simple method, which showed two enzymatic activities (peroxidase and oxidase-like activity). Based on the excellent catalytic performance of oxidase-like activity, a simple and highly sensitive colorimetric detection strategy for glutathione (GSH) was established. What’s more, after absorbing DOX, Ag/DOX@GQD could realize the combined treatment of reactive oxygen species and chemotherapy. In conclusion, this study provided evidences that Ag@GQD is effective in tumor diagnosis and treatment, which provided new ideas for exploring nanozymes based on the integration of diagnosis and treatment.

Dual-drug controllable co-assembly nanosystem for targeted and synergistic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

The effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unsatisfactory because of tumor heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and poor target accumulation. Therefore, multimodality-treatment with accurate drug delivery has become increasingly popular. Herein, a cell penetrating peptide-aptamer dual modified-nanocomposite (USILA NPs) was successfully constructed by coating a cell penetrating peptide and aptamer onto the surface of sorafenib (Sora), ursolic acid (UA) and indocyanine green (ICG) condensed nanodrug (USI NPs) via one-pot assembly for targeted and synergistic HCC treatment. USILA NPs showed higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in HepG2 and H22 cells, with a high expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Furthermore, these NPs caused more significant mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and cell apoptosis. These NPs could selectively accumulate at the tumor site of H22 tumor-bearing mice and were detected with the help of ICG fluorescence; moreover, they retarded tumor growth better than monotherapy. Thus, USILA NPs can realize the targeted delivery of dual drugs and the integration of diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the effects were more significant after co-administration of iRGD peptide, a tumor-penetrating peptide with better penetration promoting ability or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody for the reversal of the immunosuppressive state in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor inhibition rates of USILA NPs + iRGD peptide or USILA NPs + PD-L1 antibody with good therapeutic safety were 72.38 % and 67.91 % compared with control, respectively. Overall, this composite nanosystem could act as a promising targeted tool and provide an effective intervention strategy for enhanced HCC synergistic treatment.

Molecular Eye: A System for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Clinical Diseases Based on Molecular Probe Technology.

With the flourishing development of precision medicine, theranostics, generally recognized as the integration of diagnosis and treatment, has emerged as a prominent trend in clinical research. However, theranostics primarily emphasizes the end result of integration, without providing sufficient details on how precise diagnosis and synergetic individualized treatment could be achieved and what clinical challenges could be effectively addressed in clinical practice. Molecular probe technology provides a robust method to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Through meticulous design of the chemical structure, imaging labels or drugs were conjugated to tumor-targeting peptides, antibodies, or inducers to form molecular probes, which allow a seamless switch between targeted intervention and targeted imaging with consistency in time, space, and biodistribution. Thus, this review proposes a concept called "molecular eye", which refers to a comprehensive system for precise diagnosis and treatment of major clinical diseases based on molecular probe technology. This medical system emphasizes the chemical basis of probe development and optimization, which can provide precise actionable information for clinical decision making, allow molecular-targeted therapy, expand the indications of old therapy, and accelerate the regulatory approval of molecular drugs. "Molecular eye" resembles the piercing eye of the Monkey King, which can detect previously "invisible" diseases and facilitate disease diagnosis, treatment, real-time evaluation, and pathology research, guiding drug development. The emergence of the "molecular eyes" will provide opportunities and challenges in the fields of clinical practice and medical research and propel the progression of contemporary medicine toward precision medicine.

Research progress on the therapeutic effects of nanoparticles loaded with drugs against atherosclerosis.

Presently, there are many drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS), among which lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative drugs have been the most studied. These drugs have been shown to have inhibitory effects on the development of AS. Nanoparticles are suitable for AS treatment research due to their fine-tunable and modifiable properties. Compared with drug monotherapy, experimental results have proven that the effects of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs are significantly enhanced. In addition to nanoparticles containing a single drug, there have been many studies on collaborative drug treatment, collaborative physical treatment (ultrasound, near-infrared lasers, and external magnetic field), and the integration of diagnosis and treatment. This review provides an introduction to the therapeutic effects of nanoparticles loaded with drugs to treat AS and summarizes their advantages, including increased targeting ability, sustained drug release, improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity, and inhibition of plaque and vascular stenosis.

The Convenience of Polydopamine in Designing SERS Biosensors with a Sustainable Prospect for Medical Application.

Polydopamine (PDA) is a multifunctional biomimetic material that is friendly to biological organisms and the environment, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors have the potential to be reused. Inspired by these two factors, this review summarizes examples of PDA-modified materials at the micron or nanoscale to provide suggestions for designing intelligent and sustainable SERS biosensors that can quickly and accurately monitor disease progression. Undoubtedly, PDA is a kind of double-sided adhesive, introducing various desired metals, Raman signal molecules, recognition components, and diverse sensing platforms to enhance the sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and practicality of SERS sensors. Particularly, core-shell and chain-like structures could be constructed by PDA facilely, and then combined with microfluidic chips, microarrays, and lateral flow assays to provide excellent references. In addition, PDA membranes with special patterns, and hydrophobic and strong mechanical properties can be used as independent platforms to carry SERS substances. As an organic semiconductor material capable of facilitating charge transfer, PDA may possess the potential for chemical enhancement in SERS. In-depth research on the properties of PDA will be helpful for the development of multi-mode sensing and the integration of diagnosis and treatment.

Smart multifunctional direct Z-scheme In2S3@PCN-224 heterojunction for simultaneous detection and photodegradation towards antibiotic pollutants

Multifunctional heterojunctions, based on function- and structure-oriented material design and accurate synthesis, have emerged as an important platform in materials chemistry with great application prospects for solving practically complex science and engineering problems. Herein, a versatile Z-scheme In2S3@PCN-224 platform, based on Zr-metal-organic framework (PCN-224) and In2S3 nanosheets, was constructed by solvothermal and hydrothermal methods. Benefited from the high efficiency in the photoinduced electron-hole separation of Z-scheme heterojunctions, high specific surface area of PCN-224 core, and good visible-light absorption of hydrophilic In2S3 shell, In2S3@PCN-224 exhibited excellent performance in visible-light photocatalytic degradation towards tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Furthermore, In2S3@PCN-224 could be also used in fluorescence detection for TC with good analytical performance in terms of a large Stokes shift, fast response, and a low detection limit (55 nM). This work provides the inspiration for designing multifunctional heterojunctions, which will extend the boundary of "integration of diagnosis and treatment" in environmental management and control.

Dual-responsive targeted atherosclerosis therapy through a multi-effective nanoplatform with anti-inflammatory, lipid-regulating and autophagy

The traditional treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) is mainly focused on lipid-lowering therapy, through oral statins to reduce blood lipid levels and control the progress of AS. However, current oral drug therapy has suffered from poor targeting and single efficacy. Here, a pH-responsive magnetic nanoplatforms (MMNS@AT-CS-DS) was developed. The dextran sulfate (DS) was encapsulated on MMNS@AT-CS to endow the nanoplatforms with the property of targeting atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro and in vivo results showed that MMNS@AT-CS-DS could target lesion areas and release statins to slow the progression of AS due to the magnetocaloric effect under alternating magnetic field (AMF) and dissolution of chitosan (CS) in the AS induced low pH environment. More importantly, its magneto-thermal responsiveness could induce protective autophagy to treat AS synergistically. In addition, the magnetic nanoplatforms could perform magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of atherosclerotic plaques, which shed new light on the integration of diagnosis and treatment of AS.

Near-infrared I/II emission and absorption carbon dots via constructing localized excited/charge transfer state for multiphoton imaging and photothermal therapy

Carbon dots (CDs) with absorption and emission properties in near-infrared (NIR) bio-windows highlight their application in the integration of diagnosis and treatment. In this work, CDs with NIR-I emission and NIR-II absorption have been demonstrated, by constructing localized excited state and charge-transfer state. NIR fluorescence together with photothermal effect was observed in the CDs under NIR light illumination. The electron donors (D) and acceptors (A) groups around the carbon core of the CDs lead to D-π-A charge-transfer state, producing a strong electronic push–pull effect and yielding the desired NIR-II absorption with a maximum absorption peak at 1033 nm. Localized excited state from large conjugated rigid sp2 domain leads to NIR-I emission of 670 nm. Multiphoton-induced NIR-I emission (quantum yield is 29%) and NIR-II induced heat with photothermal conversion efficiency of 41.19% have been realized. In addition, multiphoton cellular imaging and cancer photothermal therapy using the CDs as imaging and photothermal agents have been demonstrated. The results provide a route to CDs with NIR absorption/emission characters and prospect their potential application in multiple-photon bioimaging and photothermal therapy of cancers.

All-in-one approaches for triple-negative breast cancer therapy: metal-phenolic nanoplatform for MR imaging-guided combinational therapy

BackgroundConventional chemotherapy has poor efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) which is highly heterogeneous and aggressive. Imaging-guided therapy is usually combined with diverse treatment modalities, could realize the integration of diagnosis and treatments. Therefore, the primary challenge for combinational therapy is designing proper delivery systems to accomplish multiple synergistic effects.ResultsHerein, a facile nanoplatform was manufactured to fulfill the all-in-one approaches for TNBC combinational therapy. Fe3+-based metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) modification served as drug delivery carriers to encapsulate bleomycin (BLM), forming BFE@BSA NPs. The self-assembly mechanism, pH-responsive drug release behavior, and other physicochemical properties of this system were characterized. The potential of BFE@BSA NPs as photothermal transduction agents and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents was explored. The synergistic anti-tumor effects consisting of BLM-induced chemotherapy, Fenton reactions-mediated chemodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy-induced apoptosis were studied both in vitro and in vivo. Once internalized into tumor cells, released BLM could cause DNA damage, while Fenton reactions were initiated to produce highly toxic •OH. Upon laser irradiation, BFE@BSA NPs could convert light into heat to achieve synergistic effects. After intravenous administration, BFE@BSA NPs exhibited great therapeutic effects in 4T1 tumor xenograft model. Moreover, as T1-weighted MRI contrast agents, BFE@BSA NPs could provide diagnosis and treatment monitoring for individualized precise therapy.ConclusionsA nano-system that integrated imaging and combinational therapy (chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy) were developed to kill the tumor and monitor therapeutic efficacy. This strategy provided an all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform for MRI-guided combinational therapy against TNBC.Graphical

Manganese-containing polydopamine nanoparticles as theranostic agents for magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal/chemodynamic combined ferroptosis therapy treating gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Chemotherapy plays a key role in GC treatment, while inevitable drug resistance and systematic side effects hinder its clinical application. Fenton chemistry-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been used as a strategy for cancer ferroptosis, and the CDT efficiency could be enhanced by photothermal therapy (PTT). With the trend of treatment and diagnosis integration, the combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CDT/PTT exhibits enormous progress. Herein, we constructed a platform based on PEGylated manganese-containing polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, named as PEG-PDA@Mn (PP@Mn) NPs. The PP@Mn NPs were stable and globular. Furthermore, they demonstrated near-infrared (NIR)-triggered PTT and Fenton-like reaction-based CDT effects and T1-weighted MRI capabilities. According to in vitro studies, the PP@Mn NPs trigger ferroptosis in cancer cells by producing abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a Fenton-like reaction combined with PTT. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that, under MRI guidance, the PP@Mn NPs combined with the PTT at the tumor region, have CDT anti-tumor effect. In conclusion, the PP@Mn NPs could provide an effective strategy for CDT/PTT synergistic ferroptosis therapy for GC.

Integration of convolutional neural network and extreme gradient boosting for breast cancer detection

With the most recent advances in technology, computer programming has reached the capabilities of human brain to decide things for almost all healthcare systems. The implementation of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is expected to improve the accurateness of breast cancer detection. The aims of this research were to; i) determine the stages of CNN-XGBoost integration in diagnosis of breast cancer and ii) calculate the accuracy of the CNN-XGBoost integration in breast cancer detection. By combining transfer learning and data augmentation, CNN with XGBoost as a classifier was used. After acquiring accuracy results through transfer learning, this reasearch connects the final layer to the XGBoost classifier. Furthermore, the interface design for the evaluation process was established using the Python programming language and the Django platform. The results: i) the stages of CNN-XGBoost integration on histopathology images for breast cancer detection were discovered. ii) Achieved a higher level of accuracy as a result of the CNN-XGBoost integration for breast cancer detection. In conclusion, breast cancer detection was revealed through the integration of CNN-XGBoost through histopathological images. The combination of CNN and XGBoost can enhance the accuracy of breast cancer detection.

Tryptophan-sorbitol based carbon quantum dots for theranostics against hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundDespite novel advances in screening, targeting and immunotherapies, early diagnosis and satisfactory treatments against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain formidable challenges. Given the unique advantages, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) become a smart theranostic nanomaterial for cancer diagnosis and therapy.ResultsIn this work, a type of bio-friendly CQDs, trichrome-tryptophan-sorbitol CQDs (TC-WS-CQDs), is synthesized from natural biocompatible tryptophan via the one-pot hydrothermal method. Compared with normal hepatocytes, a much stronger green fluorescence is detected in HCC cells, indicating the ability of TC-WS-CQDs to target HCC cells. Furthermore, green-emitting TC-WS-CQDs generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to autophagy of HCC cells. Additionally, the green-emitting TC-WS-CQDs perform significant tumor inhibition by inducing autophagy via p53-AMPK pathway in vitro and in vivo studies with almost no systemic toxicity.ConclusionsThe results may highlight a promising anticancer nanotheranostic strategy with integration of diagnosis, targeting, and therapy.Graphical

Research Progress in the Application of CuS Nanoparticles in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment

With the development of social industrialization and the aging of the population, malignant tumors have become a great threat to the health and life of people, the research of advanced cancer diagnosis and treatment methods is urgent. In recent years, near infrared light mediated photothermal therapy has been proposed, which can remove tumor tissue at a fixed point and has low side effects on normal tissues. It provides a new method for the treatment of tumors. CuS nanomaterials have many advantages, such as strong near infrared absorption, high photothermal conversion efficiency and simple preparation method. CuS nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to synthesize multifunctional nanoparticles by chelating metal ions in medium to realize multimodal imaging of tumors. These advantages make CuS nanomaterials become a research hotspot in the field of nanomedicine. In this paper, we mainly reviewed the research progress of CuS nanoparticles in tumor imaging diagnosis, photothermal, photodynamic therapy and the integration of diagnosis and treatment, and presents the problems and future research directions of CuS nanoparticles in biomedical applications.

Hollow Mesoporous Manganese Oxides: Application in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.

The precision, minimal invasiveness, and integration of diagnosis and treatment are critical factors for tumor treatment at the present. Although nanomedicine has shown the potential in tumor precision treatment, nanocarriers with high efficiency, excellent targeting, controlled release, and good biocompatibility still need to be further explored. Hollow mesoporous manganese oxides nanomaterials (HM-MONs), as an efficient drug delivery carrier, have attracted substantial attention in applications of tumor diagnosis and therapy due to their unique properties, such as tumor microenvironment stimuli-responsiveness, prominent catalytic activity, excellent biodegradation, and outstanding magnetic resonance imaging ability. The HM-MONs can not only enhance the therapeutic efficiency but also realize multimodal diagnosis of tumors. Consequently, it is necessary to introduce applications based on HM-MONs in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, the representative progress of HM-MONs in synthesis is discussed. Then, several promising applications in drug delivery, bio-imaging, and bio-detection are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the anticancer applications are summarized, which is expected to provide meaningful guidance on further research.

Recent Advances in the Development of Noble Metal NPs for Cancer Therapy.

With the development of nanotechnology, noble metal nanoparticles are widely used in the treatment of cancer due to their unique optical properties, excellent biocompatibility, surface effects, and small size effects. In recent years, researchers have designed and synthesized a large number of nanomedicines that can be used for cancer treatment based on the morphology, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of action, and toxicological studies of noble metal nanoparticles. Furthermore, the integration of diagnosis and treatment, hyperthermia, cytotoxicity research, and drug delivery system based on the study of noble metal nanoparticles can be used as effective means for cancer treatment. This article focuses on the analysis of noble metal nanoparticles that are widely used in the treatment of cancer, such as gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, and palladium nanoparticles. The various methods and mechanisms of action of noble metal nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer are objectively summarized in detail. Based on the research on the therapeutic safety and toxicity of noble metal nanoparticles, the development prospect of noble metal nanoparticles in the future clinical application is prospected.