Integration Of Albania Research Articles

The integration of Albanian women in the Balkan and European labor market

Abstract The integration of Albania in the EU is one of the greatest aspirations that Albanian citizens have in their future. The effort to adapt the workforce of Albanian citizens to the European market has been positive. This can be seen in the number of Albanian women who have moved and continue to move in the EU countries. The emancipation of women has led to an increase in the level of education and an increase in the professional level. The integration of women as equal power in Albanian families makes it possible for the spirit of gender discrimination to decrease significantly. The presented study will be based on the inclusion of the Albanian woman in the European market as well as her emancipation in professional development. The review of information includes the analysis of relevant and available data and sources (reports, reports from previous surveys, research, etc.) regarding the needs of the labor market. In this paper we will analyze the relationship between gender, education level, age and salary level. Each of these factors in the economy has defined roles, based on the primary indicators and on the distinguishing indicators of everyone’s knowledge in this scheme, but with a common goal to serve the stability and growth of the Albanian economy. The registered unemployment rate for 2011 was 13.3% of which women represent 14.3% and men, 12.4%. The highest unemployment rate corresponds to the 15-29 age group and it is estimated that there is at least 50% employment in the informal economy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the women’s labor market in Albania based on the statistical data of INSTAT with a focus also in the EU and the Western Balkan market by using the linear regression method.

Explosion of Excess Stock Ammunition. The Impact on the Health of the Civil Community and the Army.

Albania, like all the former communist countries, has inherited in 50 years a large arsenal of weapons and ammunition stockpiles, as shells and projectiles of various calibers, which constituted a negative phenomenon and seriously jeopardized the lives of people and communities throughout the geography of their deployment. After the 1990s, the Albanian Armed Forces embarked on the path of transformation and integration of Albania into NATO. In this framework, the implementation of defense reforms aimed the reduction and modernization of the military. In this context, one of the transformation goals was the getting rid of the remaining excess ammunition that was being destroyed under the programs of the Ministry of Defense and partner countries and the role of the University Hospital of Trauma and the Military Hospital in Tirana, Albania. This paper aims to discuss the security threat that these stockpiles pose to our nation and the wiser region. It also explains how the excess munitions eliminating process was completed in Albania.

Fostering the Development of Civil Society in Albania, the Role of the EU Policies

The present study analyzes the current state of the civil society in Albania and the European Union policies concerning the integration of Albania in the EU. Despite the country in recent years has made significant progress towards achieving some of the requirements needed in order to proceed towards European integration, further improvements are needed in many areas. Among them, the development of civil society is one of the most complex and urgent. The process of fostering socio-economic development in the country is intrinsically related to the involvement of civil society in the public spheres. Greater participation of civil society organizations in public life improves the quality of democracy and helps to strengthen public support for EU membership.
 Keywords: civil society, development, EU, Albania, Stabilization and Association Agreement

The Albanian Reform in the Institutions of Justice and Its Impact on the Integration of Albania in the European Union

Abstract The reform in the institutions of law consists of a complexity of issues that aim at the establishment and functioning of a transparent, independent, professional and efficient system that ensures justice. Implemented in accordance with the strict condition of the European Union imposed on Albania, within the integration framework, the reform targets the reorganization and full reconstruction of the key instruments of the justice system. In this paper, there will be specific analysis of the issues related with the establishment and functioning of the main institutions of the administration and monitoring of the judicial power, constitutional and legal changes because of implementation the reform, as well as the role of the international structures, seen in the function of monitoring the implementation of the reform.

Fight against Organized Crime as One of the Fundamental Conditions for the Integration in the European Union. Albanian Case

The Integration of Albania in the European Union Structures remains one of the most important challenges of the Albanian government, since the post-communist period. To become a member of these structures with full rights, the Albanian government must fulfil some conditions and criteria. The main purpose of this paper relates to the analysis of the war against organized crime, as one of the fundamental conditions for the European Integration. The war against organized crime has been chosen as the most important focus because the defined criteria in this matter, regardless the efforts to improve the situation, have not yet given the desired results. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize the fact that lately the representatives of European Union increasingly are underlying in their statements that Albanian governments must document reliable data, regarding the war against organized crime, and they must document sustainability in this direction and give concrete results, because still in the security sector the proper objectives have not been reached. The real issue is not related with the missing of a national strategy in the war against the organized crime, but with the effective implementation and application of this strategy.

Fight against Organized Crime as One of the Fundamental Conditions for the Integration in the European Union. Albanian Case

The Integration of Albania in the European Union Structures remains one of the most important challenges of the Albanian government, since the post-communist period. To become a member of these structures with full rights, the Albanian government must fulfil some conditions and criteria. The main purpose of this paper relates to the analysis of the war against organized crime, as one of the fundamental conditions for the European Integration. The war against organized crime has been chosen as the most important focus because the defined criteria in this matter, regardless the efforts to improve the situation, have not yet given the desired results. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize the fact that lately the representatives of European Union increasingly are underlying in their statements that Albanian governments must document reliable data, regarding the war against organized crime, and they must document sustainability in this direction and give concrete results, because still in the security sector the proper objectives have not been reached. The real issue is not related with the missing of a national strategy in the war against the organized crime, but with the effective implementation and application of this strategy.

Minorities Education, a Condition for Albania Integration to the European Union

The scope of this study is to emphasize the role of the state and its organizative branches in the education of minorities and their integration in the economic, social, cultural and political life as received by the other autochthon population. It is worth mentioning that the majority of states, members of international organizations, have expressed their will to accomplish their obligations towards minority population. This is not enough, because if we want to walk towards European Union in a definitive manner, we have to remind ourselves the Romanian state and the challenges about minority rights, as non negotiable conditions to European integration. Today the minorities in Albania are part of multiethnic, multi religious and multicultural society and in many cases remain anonymous. To build the rule of law, to be an educated society, a state where each individual gets value independently from the gender, religion, political ideas, ethnicity etc, we have to analyze the requests and reports of European Union on the minority rights, where the most important part related to their education. This scientific rationale presents the thesis that the state, as the primary subject can influence effectively in understanding that minority education is not just an obligation foreseen in the national legislation but also an important part of the international legislation. We have to understand that the aspiration of each state to be a member of the European Union, are strictly related to minorities, as in case of Romania. In the following text you will find an analysis of the quantitative information obtained from the interviews of the autochthon population in Albania, and how do these reflect in the EUR request to respect minority rights, as a condition toward integration, an analysis of the progress report of the European Communities Commission on Albania, and a short bibliography of used literature. This scientific analysis attempts to present the real position of the minorities in Albania and the progress that will make possible the integration of Albania in the EU. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2012.v2n4p181

Government Role in Infrastructure Development in Albania: Efforts for Sustainability

This paper mainly focuses on transport development in Albania and policy objectives and decision making in transport infrastructure investments that aims the sustainability of this development and the integration of Albania in the EU. Albania is facing a lot of challenges in developing infrastructure. The challenge of developing transport policies for sustainable development is to orient the sector towards a compromise that maximizes the economic and social benefits of transport and minimizes associated environmental, social and economic costs. Many of the measures required to achieve this balance are not new, the main difficulty is effective implementation. In this paper the author tend to give some important recommendations for strategy design and implementation according to the need of respecting European standards and integration. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p361

Legal Reform on Property Restitution and Compensation and the Perspective of the European Integration of Albania. (Review of Legal Framework)

During the last 20 years, a large number of expropriated subjects were entitled the right for property compensation. Although many years have passed since then, the titles which recognize the rights for property compensation have remained unexecuted. The lack of a concrete and realistic scheme which is based on the principle of suitable compensation, equal treatment and proportionality has turned the attained property rights into an illusion. Therefore, any expropriated subject may reasonably raise the following questions which constitute the foundation of this study: • When will the property compensation be achieved considering that the law does not foresee it? • Should the law offer clear specifications? • What does the application for financial compensation mean according to the rules and criteria layed down by the Council of Ministers, and when the compensation is obtained when will the remaining part be issued? • Is such a regulation legal (constitutional)? Thus, does this regulation comply the constitutional principles? Being focused on finding a solution to the property compensation issue, this study analyses some of the main legal institutions foreseen by the legislation in this field from year 2004 up to nowadays. A specific attention is given to the current compensation scheme and its legality from the perspective of the constitutional assurances, ECHR practices and constitutional jurisprudences of other countries. Firstly, this analysis aims to identify the theoretic guarantees provided by the law and how effective is such implementation in practice. The study modestly strives to answer to the aforementioned questions by examining the main problems highlighted during this process. It also aims to sensibilize the actors of the system which are seriously committed to carry out the necessary changes to provide solution to the land ownership as one of the main political, legal, economic and social challenges faced by the Albanian state. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2012.v2n4p11

Development of Civil Society, the UE Policies in Albania

The present study analyzes the current state of the civil society in Albania and theeuropean union policies concerning the integration of Albania in UE. Despite the countryin recent years has made significant progress towards achieving some of the requirementsneeded in order to proceed towards European integration, further improvements areneeded in many areas. Among them, the development of civil society is one of the mostcomplex and urgent. Greater participation of civil society organizations in public lifeactually improves the quality of democracy and helps to strengthen public support for EUmembership.

Development of Civil Society, the UE Policies in Albania

The present study analyzes the current state of the civil society in Albania and the european union policies concerning the integration of Albania in UE. Despite the country in recent years has made significant progress towards achieving some of the requirements needed in order to proceed towards European integration, further improvements are needed in many areas. Among them, the development of civil society is one of the most complex and urgent. Greater participation of civil society organizations in public life actually improves the quality of democracy and helps to strengthen public support for EU membership.

The Western Balkans in world trade: Some implications for Greece

The integration of Albania, Croatia, Bosnia‐Herzegovina, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the world trading system has been retarded by regional conflict. But recent progress in stabilization and democratization has been accompanied by closer ties with the European Union, membership for some countries in the World Trade Organization and increasing trade links within the region. The Greek economy has benefited significantly from these developments and stands to gain even more in the future; but much remains to be done in accelerating market‐orientated reforms and in strengthening these countries’ trade‐related institutions and infrastructure, for which external assistance is needed.