Integrated Weed Control Research Articles

Sustainable integrated weed control strategies to reduce herbicide use in sunflower production

This research aims to develop integrated weed control strategies that can effectively reduce the quantity of herbicides used in cultivation of sunflower. To address the challenge of weed management in mechanized crop fields and mitigate the adverse effects on the ecosystem, an experiment with 10 treatments was arranged in randomized block designs and replicated 3 times. The treatments included combinations of herbicide application, band application of herbicide and power weeder weeding. The higher weed control efficiency (WCE) was achieved in a weed-free environment. Additionally, higher WCE was observed in the treatment where weeds were managed through band application of pendimethalin (38.7 capsule suspension (CS)) in the seed row as a pre-emergence method and weeding was done with a power weeder twice. These 2 treatments registered more than 90 % WCE due to lesser weed occurrence. The present investigation also registered higher grain yield under weed-free control (2212 kg/ha). It was tailed by Pre-emergence (PE) herbicide (1 kg/ha of Pendimethalin (38.7 CS)) in seed row after irrigation followed by (fb) power weeder twice (on 15-20 and 30-35 DAS), PE herbicide (1 kg/ha of Pendimethalin (38.7 CS)) in seed row before irrigation fb power weeder twice (on 15-20 and 30-35 DAS) and PE herbicide (1 kg/ha of Pendimethalin (30 EC)) in seed row after irrigation fb power weeder twice (on 15-20 and 30-35 days after sowing (DAS)). Based on the results, pendimethalin (38.7 CS) can also be applied either before or after irrigation, as it will not significantly lose its efficacy in controlling weeds. These findings have practical implications for sunflower cultivation, offering effective strategies for integrated weed control.

Effect of the Integrated Weed Control Practices on Sugar Beet Yield, Quality and Associated Weeds

Two-years field trial (2017/18 and 2018/19) was conducted at the Experimental Farm, National Research Centre El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt to compare different herbicidal combinations with different doses on sugar beet yield traits and associated weeds. Sixteen weed control treatment combinations were applied to test their efficiency on sugar beet yield and quality. To form these combinations two broadleaves herbicides (Tigro and Betasana-Trio) were combined with a narrow weed herbicide (Select super) or with the hand weeding treatment. The results showed that Betasana-Trio combination at the lower dose of application 0.675 l fed-1(fed-1 = feddan = 4200 m2) combined with Select Super at 0.375 l fed-1 with or without hand weeding as well as Betasana-Trio at 0.9 l fed-1 combined with hand weeding or Select Super at 0.5 l fed-1 caused high eradication percentages of the total fresh and dry weight of weeds as well as total number of weeds m-2 (>90%). The highest sugar beet yield resulted from the combination of Betasana-Trio 0.675 l fed-1 + Select Super 0.375 l fed-1, which gave the greatest sugar yield fed-1. Although the combination Betasana-Trio at 0.9 l fed-1 + Select Super at 0.5 l fed-1 gave the greatest gross sugar %, it could not achieve the highest sugar yield fed-1.

Enhancement of Production and Food Security Through Sustainable Shallot Cultivation

Abstract Increasing food production and security has become the main focus in facing global challenges. In this context, cultivating shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) with a sustainable approach is critical to meeting sustainable food needs. Shallot is one of the horticultural crops that contribute significantly to farmers’ food needs, income, economy, and food supply in Indonesia. However, conventional shallot cultivation practices often face problems such as soil degradation, ecosystem damage, and dependence on synthetic chemicals. Therefore, sustainable shallot cultivation is vital to increase productivity, yield quality, and environmental sustainability. This article provides information and examines a sustainable systems approach in shallot cultivation involving organic farming practices, efficient water management, integrated weed control, and biological protection against diseases and pests. The use of varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests, as well as adaptive to climate change, are also important factors in sustainable shallot cultivation. In this case, technology and innovation in plant breeding can provide solutions to produce more resilient and productive shallot varieties. Sustainable shallot cultivation offers economic benefits for farmers and maintains environmental sustainability and food availability for the community. Therefore, collaboration between the government, farmers, research institutions, and the private sector is key in encouraging the adoption of sustainable practices in shallot cultivation.

Evaluation of different integrated weed control techniques on transplanted finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) in the coastal region of Karaikal

Evaluation of different integrated weed control techniques on transplanted finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) in the coastal region of Karaikal

Strategy for Weed Control in Potato Fields of the Ganja-Dashkesan Region of Azerbaijan

The impact of integrated weed control measures is assessed. One of the factors that worsens the productivity of a potato plant, and its quality indicators is weed infestation. Weeds choke plants. The research was carried out in the Samukh district of the Ganja-Dashkesan economic region. It was established that the degree of weeding of alternating and continuous potato crops was significantly influenced by complex measures. the use of herbicides through proper agrotechnical processing of the growing season in a potato field cultivated in alternating and continuous crops. This has a positive effect on the productivity of the potato plant, its quality indicators, and creates the basis for the environmental safety of products. Data are provided on various methods of treating plantings against weeds.

Ulex europaeus

Ulex europaeus is an invasive exotic species that is reported in Uruguay associated with forest crops and grasslands in the eastern region of the country. With the objective of updating the records of its presence, and characterizing the environmental conditions where it is reported and the control measures applied, in 2019, livestock and forestry producers from the Eastern region were surveyed. In parallel, a survey was carried out with the "snowball" method to collect more sites with the presence of gorse. New reports account for 38 sites in the region. The invader was reported mainly in rocky lands, high areas and on wire fences. The controls most used by the producers were chemical control and grazing, while they considered the mechanical and chemical combination as the most effective. The greatest difficulty they pose to carrying out controls is the economic cost. Likewise, the lack of coordination between neighbors is a limitation to achieve results in the controls carried out. Most of the respondents do not perform preventive controls. The respondents indicate that reductions in sheep stock have been one of the causes for the presence of gorse in the region. The problem caused by Ulex europaeus must be addressed through the application of an integrated weed control in a coordinated and continuous manner by the different members of the society involved, and also communicate the results to sensitize the community.

Comparison of several weed control and tillage techniques in suppressing weeds and increasing maize production for integrated weed control

The use of herbicides has received attention due to its effects on human health, sustainability, and biodiversity due to toxic chemicals in herbicides. Repeated use of herbicide active ingredients over a long period of time can result in the emergence of resistant weeds. One strategy to reduce the herbicide use without decreasing productivity is integrated weed control. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of several weed control techniques in integrated weed control and their role in suppressing weeds and increasing maize crop production. This study used a Randomized Group Design with 2 factorials. The first factor was weed control technique (W) with levels: no control (W0), cover crop (W1), pre-emergent herbicide (W2), post-emergent herbicide (W3), and weed-free (with weeding) (W4). And the second factor was tillage technique (T), namely: no tillage (T0) and conventional tillage (T1). The results showed that post-emergent herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds and the highest crop production with weed control techniques with pre-emergent herbicides. The tillage technique had no significant effect on weeds and maize crop production.

Studying the efficacy of herbicides against annual cereal and dicotyledonous weeds

The harmfulness of annual cereal weeds increases annually. In the Akmola Region, the species composition of weed vegetation, numbering many species and infesting crops, is very diverse and is represented by the following and the most common: Avena fatua (common wild oat), Echinochloa grusgalli (chicken millet), and Setaria viridis (gray mouse). High severity is also observed in lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album), common beetle (Amaranthus retroflexus), and European stickseed (Lappula squarrosa). The evaluated herbicides include “Dezormon”, “Dezormon Efir”, “Topik”, “Ovsyugen Extra”, combined formulations like “Ovsyugen Extra + Arbalet + Liberti”, “Ester + Ovsyugen Extra”, “Megastar + Efir”, and several others, each demonstrating varying degrees of biological effectiveness, ranging from 76% to 99%. The outcomes indicate that the use of these herbicides significantly mitigates the weediness of the cereal crops, thereby enhancing the grain yield. This study provides valuable insights into the strategic application of herbicide mixtures as a sustainable solution for weed management in cereal cultivation, emphasizing the need for integrated weed control strategies to ensure agricultural sustainability and food security.

Mekambare As a Former of Social Solidarity in Supporting Food Security in Sustainable Agriculture Management in East Kolaka Regency

The local community’s culture has been recognized as playing an essential role in achieving food security. This study attempts to demystify a cultural tradition among an Indonesian agriculture society, called Mekambare, that plays such a role in sustainable agricultural management. It was conducted in East Kolaka Regency, an area dominated by lowland rice farmers. Framed in a qualitative method, this study used observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies as techniques of data collection. The results showed that Mekambare played a crucial role in forming social solidarity among lowland rice farming communities. Through Mekambare, farming communities build mutual cooperation and support one another in overcoming challenges related to supplying food demands. This social solidarity is manifested in the exchange of food commodities, social support, and the dissemination of traditional knowledge in agricultural management. With Mekambare, the lowland rice farming communities maintain the balance of the agricultural ecosystem by utilizing natural predators, utilizing organic fertilizers from livestock manure, and implementing integrated weed control. This research can make a positive contribution to efforts to achieve sustainable food security and the welfare of farming communities in East Kolaka Regency.

Efficiency of Using Herbicides in the Weed Control in Vineyards

The article examines the impact of the use of herbicides alternately with agrotechnical measures on the economic indicators of the grape harvest in integrated weed control, designed to keep their spread below the level of economic damage. The effects of herbicides used to control weeds were analyzed by variant. The species composition of weeds in the vineyards was determined, the correct selection of herbicides and chemical control were carried out alternately with agrotechnical measures, strictly observing the rules for the use of herbicides. Timely chemical control led to a reduction in harmful weeds until the end of the season. As a result of reduced environmental risk, the economic performance of grape production also increased significantly with increasing yields. Compared to the control, the yield in all variants was 12.38-18.27%, the profitability was higher in the range of 8.21-28.6%. Thus, it has been established that the use of herbicides in grape crops infected with annual and perennial weeds is cost-effective and allows for additional income.

Comparison of microbial community assemblages in the rhizosphere of three Amaranthus spp.

Weed management remains a major challenge in cropping systems worldwide, with rising interest in ecological based approaches that can be integrated with herbicide use. Soil microbial communities may play important, yet undiscovered, roles in weed success. Little is known about the rhizosphere communities associated with weeds like Amaranthus, commonly known as pigweeds, and considered some of the most problematic weeds in agricultural systems. In a greenhouse experiment that allowed controlled plant growth conditions and a high number of individual plant specimens to analyze for statistical robustness (n = 8 per species), we show that specific bacterial assemblages form in the rhizospheres of A. retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed), A. palmeri S. Watson (Palmer amaranth), and A. tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer (waterhemp). Using a relatively rapid and easy approach of T-RFLP community profiling of the 16S rRNA genes, distinct assemblages corresponded to plant species (PERMANOVA F = 14.776, p = 0.001), and further within each species, similar communities (F = 11.449, p = 0.001) were associated with three rhizosphere soil fractions taken in increasing distances away from the root tissue. These results provide the first solid basis for distinct plant-microbe relationships within three closely related Amaranthus species, warranting closer examination of the identities and function of the microorganisms that appear to be selectively recruited from the extant soil community. More intensive efforts to obtain the microbial taxonomic identities via sequencing are underway that can lead to further detailed studies to elucidate important functional plant-microbe interactions that may associate with weed success. Such data provides underlying key information that may ultimately exploit weed-microbe interactions in development of new integrated weed control tactics.

Effect of Integrated Weed Control Options on Growth and Yield of Cassava at Kilosa District, Tanzania

Effect of Integrated Weed Control Options on Growth and Yield of Cassava at Kilosa District, Tanzania

Above Ground Emergence and Floristic Composition of Weeds in Relation to Tillage and Weed Management Practices in Maize and Cowpea

Background: Weeds are one of the most important elements influencing crop productivity. Tillage practices have a significant effect on the weed seed bank and the appearance of weeds, both of which have a direct impact on farm productivity. Different tillage strategies based on ploughing depth, as well as weed control practices, change the dynamics of weed seeds in the soil. This research will aid in the development of integrated weed control methods by investigating the interaction between tillage and weed management practices. Methods: Field trials were carried out in two seasons, Summer and Kharif 2022, using a split-plot design with three tillage methods and four weed management practices. The treatments were replicated three times. Result: Among the different tillage treatments Mouldboard plough fb Cultivator fb Rotovator recorded the lowest weed density. With respect to weed management methods, pre- and post-emergence herbicide application and hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS recorded the lower weed density. Interaction effects of tillage and weed management practices resulted in lower weed density in Mouldboard plough fb Cultivator fb Rotovator with herbicide application and Mouldboard plough fb Cultivator fb Rotovator with hand weeding. Highest weed density was recorded under Cultivator fb Rotovator in unweeded control. With respect to relative density, among the broad-leaved weeds (BLW) Trianthema portulacastrum and Dactyloctenium aegyptium in grasses dominated among the weed species in 30 and 60 DAS respectively. From the present study it was concluded that the Mouldboard plough fb Cultivator fb Rotovator with hand weeding twice or herbicide application reduces the weed emergence from the soil weed seed bank.

Integrated Weed Management Practices on Productivity and Profitability of Direct Seeded Rice under Aerobic Condition

At the research farm of RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, a field experiment was carried out during the 2017 kharif season to examine the effects of integrated weed control on the profitability and productivity of direct-seeded rice grown in aerobic conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design having ten treatments with three replications. Both hand weeding and herbicidal treatments, out of all the weed control techniques, had noticeable effects on crop development and yield as well as their superiority to the weedy check. Hand weeding at 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing was found significantly superior over all the integrated weed management practices on productivity and profitability of dry direct seeded rice. Pendimethalin @ 1 kg/ha at 0–2 days after sowing, followed by two hand weedings at 20 and 40 days after sowing, outperformed the other herbicidal treatments in the trial for dry direct seeded rice.

ALS ve ACCase inhibitörü herbisitlere dayanıklı Echinochloa crus-galli'nin entegre mücadelesi

Rice is an important grain crop due to its high domestic consumption and important role in terms of food security globally. Because of the difficulty of crop rotation and fallow-free cultivation in rice production, competitive weed species that have the capacity to reproduce rapidly and are adapted to water have become a problem. The strong negative effects of weeds on rice yield and farm profits have created a demand for cost-effective weed management strategies. As a result of the use of herbicides with the same mode of action for many years, the number and population of weed species resistant to herbicides have increased rapidly. So integrated weed control is the only method and an important solution in managing these weeds that should be developed according to the countries' production systems. Echiochloa crus-galli (Barnyardgrass) is one of the earliest resistant weeds adapted to rice production areas. For effective weed management; it aimed to determine the interaction between the cultivation method, water management and rice varieties (Osmancık, Gönen, Koral). The trials were carried out in Turkiye's Marmara and Black Sea Regions. Experiments were carried out with four replications. The water level (especially the high water level) not only had a highly suppressive effect against weeds but also helped to increase the growth and yield of the rice. The deep and medium water levels increased the rice's tillering number and dry weight. The obtained data revealed that better rice growth and high yield can be achieved by maintaining the water level in rice cultivation areas. The development of competitive and local rice varieties is seen as a viable approach in an integrated herbicide-resistant weed control program.

Weed dynamics under diverse nutrient management and crop rotation practices in the dry zone of Sri Lanka

Integrated weed control strategies are essential for organic and integrated nutrient management, where both systems are progressing with a fundamental of zero or minimum synthetic chemical cultivations. For optimizing the outcome of weed management, a better understanding of the weed dynamic is needed. Especially, with the absence of herbicides, weeds are expected to be controlled by the system itself, during the transition period under rice-based crop rotation systems. This study was conducted to estimate the weed abundance, growth, and composition during the transitional period with conventional (CONV), integrated (INT), and organic (ORG) nutrient management under four crop diversification intensities in a dry zone of Sri Lanka. Monocrop rice and a rice-maize rotation were the starting point. After 1 year, the diversification intensity was increased by adding interseason sunnhemp (rice-sunnhemp-rice and rice-sunnhemp-maize). Weed density and weed biomass were measured at 20 DAS and 60 DAS intervals. Weed density was higher in ORG during the early growth stages of monocrop rice rotation in the 1st cycle, and monocrop rice and rice-sunnhemp-rice rotation in the 2nd cycle while didn’t show any changes during the later growth stage of all systems in both cycles. The total weed biomass in ORG increased with increasing crop diversification. Overall, crop rotation in INT reported the lowest weed density and biomass after two cycles. In the CONV with rice-sunnhemp-maize rotation, weed biomass had declined, while in ORG grass biomass decreased only in sunnhemp cultivated rotations. Overall, INT was the best for weed suppression irrespective of crop rotation intensities. Monoculture with rice in the INT was able to suppress weed more effectively than rice-maize rotation.

Effect of tillage and weed control practices on weed density, cassava growth and yield at Mkuranga district, Tanzania

Poor and improper weeding in cassava production has been reported to cause cassava yield losses ranging from 40% to 90%. A study was carried out in 2019/2020 planting season at Kiimbwanindi village, Mkuranga, Tanzania to identify common weeds available in the selected cassava field and then the effect of different integrated weed control options was studied. Till only and till + Ridge, pre-emergence herbicides (Primagram Gold a.i 290 g/L S-metolachlor + 370 g/L atrazine and Oxfen a.i Oxyfluorfen 24% EC), post emergence herbicides (Force up a.i 480 g/L of Glyphosate-Isopropylamine salt) and back pack weeder with modified tines were tested on Cassava variety Kiroba in a factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data on weed species, weed density, cassava height, girth and fresh root yield and soil were collected. By using Thomas methodology, perennial weeds Cyperus rotundus, Reissantia sp, Mucuna pruriens and Commelina benghalensis found to be the mostly and abundantly occurred weed species. The combination of tillage practices and pre-emergence herbicides application increased number of days’ weeds took to reemerge. The integrated weed control options significantly affected cassava fresh root weight and biomass, p = 0.019 and p = 0.026, respectively. The correlation analysis showed a non-significant positive relationship between cassava stem height and cassava fresh root weight (r = 0.389, p > 0.05), and cassava stem girth and cassava fresh root weight (r = 0.055, p > 0.05). The study concluded that, the combination of till + ridges, application of pre-emergence herbicide (S-metolachlor + atrazine) and post emergence herbicides (glyphosate) can effectively control weeds and provided favorable environment for cassava growth and root formation as compared to other treatment options.

Alternative integrated weed control with cowpea to improve soil properties

Cover crop (CC) is a ground cover plant. This is one of the strategies to improve soil quality and suppress the use of herbicides. One of the CC is able to survive in a tropical climate and grows well in soil conditions with moderate to low fertility is cowpea. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the benefits of using cowpea as CC to improve soil quality. This research will be conducted with the experimental method. Moreover, this study used a randomized block design with 2 factorials. The first factor was weed control techniques (P), with levels: without weed control (P0), cover crop (P1), pre-emergence herbicides (P2), post-emergence herbicides (P3), and weed-free (by weeding) (P4). And the second factor is tillage technique (T), namely: without tillage (T0) and conventional tillage (T1). Based on the research conducted, it was found that the combination of using CC (P1) and no tillage (T0) treatments were able to improve soil quality, (P1) affects the nitrogen value of the soil due to the presence of root nodules. While the tillage technique (T0) affects the bulk density (BD) which tends to be stable, and the organic-C content is quite restrained due to no evaporation due to tillage.

Integrated weed control measures for higher yield of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)

Weed management is impeccable for achieving the self-sufficiency in the availability of quality forage. Effective and environmentally sound weed management options are required at this time. Hence, a study was initiated with an objective to study the effect of post emergence (POE) application of propaquizafop and the combination of stale seedbed technique (SST) fb propaquizafop POE (0.075 kg a.i. ha-1) on the weed control and yield of berseem. The results showed that the combination of SST fb propaquizafop POE was superior on berseem plant m-2, grass weed (GW) density and biomass, broadleaf weeds (BL) density and green fodder yield (GFY). However, SST fb propaquizafop POE and propaquizafop POE alone was comparable with the grass weed density and biomass throughout the study. Furthermore, it indicates that POE application of propaquizafop is not an effective option for BL control in berseem. Furthermore, the weed problem is a threat throughout the growth period of the crop. Therefore, applying herbicides (propaquizafop POE at 0.075 kg a.i. ha-1) for grassy weed control or manual weeding at 10 days after each cut, could be a worthwhile option for broad-spectrum weed control and higher yield in berseem.

Storage Time Affects the Viability, Longevity, and Germination of Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth Seeds

The effects of storage time on Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth seed longevity and germination were investigated. A number of physiological and biochemical indexes, such as germination indexes, seed viability, storage materials, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and α-amylase (AMS) activity, were determined to investigate the mechanisms behind E. villosa seed longevity. The longevity of E. villosa seeds under indoor dry storage conditions was more than eight years. The vitality of E. villosa seeds decreased dramatically with increasing storage time. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of the seeds increased dramatically with an increase in the storage period. The SOD, POD, CAT, and AMS activities significantly decreased over time, while the soluble sugar content first increased and then decreased. Storage duration significantly affected the soluble protein content of E. villosa seeds. The germination index of the seeds correlated with their physiological and biochemical indices and showed a significant positive correlation with the soluble sugar content, SOD, POD, and AMS activity, and a significant negative correlation with the MDA concentration. This study is of great importance for understanding the characteristics of the field seed bank of E. villosa and for implementing integrated weed control measures to contribute to sustainable agricultural development.