Integrated Waveguide H-plane Horn Antenna Research Articles

A Millimeter-Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide H-Plane Horn Antenna With Enhanced Gain and Efficiency

A modified substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna with enhanced gain and efficiency is proposed. The design features a multilayer hollow-core printed circuit board with integrated power-dividing and phase-shifting structures that simultaneously achieves low dielectric loss within the antenna and a refined field distribution over the radiating aperture. The antenna gain is further improved by loading a dipole array at the opening aperture of the SIW horn. Within an impedance bandwidth of 15.5%, the proposed antenna achieves a gain of up to 12.5 dBi, a radiation efficiency of 90%, and an aperture efficiency of 510%. Attractive merits including enhanced gain, high efficiency, and broad bandwidth make the proposed design a promising candidate for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications.

Dielectric‐loaded substrate integrated waveguide H‐plane horn antenna with embedded air cavity

A new type of dielectric-loaded substrate integrated waveguide H-plane horn antenna with an embedded air cavity is proposed aiming to improve E-plane performance on a thin substrate. Comparing with recent works, this design attracts superior radiation performance only requiring drilling process to embed a rectangular air cavity in the extended dielectric loading. The measurement results show that at 24.15 GHz, the proposed antenna provides a gain of 13 dBi and 27.7 dB front-to-back ratio with narrow 34.3° and 27.3° half-power beamwidths in E- and H-plane. From 22 to 27 GHz, the side lobe level in E-plane is reduced below −10 dB. The entire proposed antenna size is 59 × 16 × 3.175 mm.

Dielectric-Loaded SIW H-Plane Horn Antenna With Gradient Air Slots

In this letter, a new structure of a dielectric-loaded substrate integrated waveguide H-plane horn antenna with gradient air slots, fed by a coaxial pin, is proposed. This novel structure aims at improvements in the radiation characteristics, including the gain, front-to-back ratio (FTBR), both E- and H-planes half-power beamwidth (HPBW), and sidelobe level (SLL). The measurements of the fabricated antenna show 15.4 dBi gain, 37 dB FTBR, and narrow E- and H-plane HPBW of 35° and 27° respectively, at 24.15 GHz. The entire antenna structure design is briefly expressed to combine the advantage of one single Rogers TMM4 thermoset laminate layer for reduced manufacturing difficulties and ensured improved performance. The optimized proposed antenna is fabricated by standard printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing process, with the overall size 61.2 mm × 18.6 mm × 3.175 mm.

Gain and Bandwidth Improvement of Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide H-plane Horn Antenna at W-band

A high-gain broadband empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW) H-plane horn antenna constructed by four low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) layers is proposed in this paper. The empty structure is fabricated by using high-precision laser engraving technology. A slotted rectangular dielectric load (SRDL) is introduced by simply extending the substrates, resulting a 4-dB gain enhancement and a 31% bandwidth improvement. The proposed antenna gives a measured realized gain at 14.5-dBi level with a relative impedance bandwidth larger than 19.6% (|S11| ≤ − 10 dB). The proposed antenna features the merits of low cost, high gain, and broad bandwidth.

Development a new wideband substrate integrated waveguide H-plane horn antenna loaded with periodically diamond patches

This paper presents a new wideband Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna. A few rows of diamond patches are printed on the top and bottom side of the dielectric slab at front of the radiating aperture of a conventional horn to improve impedance matching. The proposed antenna is numerically investigated using a software package and a prototype of the antenna is made to validate the obtained simulated results. The measured results show that the introduced antenna provides 22.7% impedance bandwidth, which covers from 20.8 GHz to 26.15 GHz with stable end-fire radiation patterns, while Side Lobe Level (SLL) is lower than −10 dB over the operating bandwidth.

Quasi-corrugated substrate integrated waveguide H-plane horn antenna with wideband and low-profile characteristics

A wideband H-plane horn antenna based on quasi-corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology with a very low profile is presented in this article. Open-circuited microstrip stubs are applied to create electric sidewalls of the quasi-corrugated SIW structure. The quasi-corrugated SIW H-plane horn antenna shows high performance and simple structure. A specify-shaped horn aperture is utilized, so that the poor impedance matching owing to the structure restriction can be smoothened. The structure is simulated by ANSYS HFSS and a prototype is fabricated. The measured results match well with the simulated ones. An enhanced impedance bandwidth ranging from 5.3 GHz to 19 GHz (VSWR < 2.5) is achieved. The presented antenna also brings out stable radiation beam over the same frequency band.

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Horn Antenna on Thin Substrate With Back-Lobe Suppression and Its Application to Arrays

A substrate integrated waveguide H-plane horn antenna on thin substrate with low back-lobe radiation is presented, and its application to arrays demonstrated. To suppress the back lobe, a pair of slots is employed in the top and bottom metallization. After size and position of the pair of slots are investigated, low back-lobe radiation is achieved. Moreover, the size of the horn aperture is approximately one wavelength, which is suitable for array applications. To highlight this point, the proposed horn antenna is used in a $1\,\times \,4$ planar array on a substrate as thin as one tenth of the wavelength. The array is designed, fabricated, and measured. Measurements show good agreement with simulations and suppressed back-lobe radiation with a 24 dB front-to-back ratio.

Substrate Integrated Waveguide H-Plane Horn Antenna With Improved Front-to-Back Ratio and Reduced Sidelobe Level

A cost-effective way of reducing sidelobe level and improving front-to-back ratio of the substrate integrated waveguide H-plane horn antennas is proposed in this letter. Metal rectangular patches and dielectric loading are integrated to the aperture of the horn antenna, resulting in an increased gain, narrow E-plane beamwidth, and reduced sidelobes and backward radiation. The overall dimensions of the fabricated antenna are 42 × 18.6 mm2 . The antenna works at 22.7 GHz with a measured gain of 10.1 dBi. A single substrate and a 3.5-mm connector with a transition pin are used to ensure the lowest cost for mass production.

Highly Efficient and Well-Matched Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide H-Plane Horn Antenna

In this letter, an empty substrate integrated waveguide H-plane sectorial horn antenna is presented. The antenna is integrated within a planar substrate and is fed by means of a microstrip transmission line. It is composed of a partially empty substrate layer stacked between two cover metallic plates. Results obtained for a prototype designed and fabricated at Ku-band show a measured efficiency close to 90% and matched responses. No extra loading elements are needed in order to reduce reflection at the end of the aperture conversely to previous designs. Moreover, the structure is quite simple and cheap and does not depend on substrate characteristics, i.e., dielectric permittivity or loss tangent. This new methodology for manufacturing substrate integrated antennas without dielectric considerably improves the performance of conventional substrate integrated horn antennas.

A compact substrate integrated waveguide H-plane horn antenna with dielectric arc lens

An H-plane horn antenna constructed into SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) is proposed. It has a dielectric arc lens for better directivity and a simple microstrip transition as feed. The horn, the lens and the transition share the same substrate. The resulting formula from optical principles shows that the suitable dielectric lens can improve the directivity of the antenna significantly. A prototype was fabricated; the antenna size is 39.175 × 14 × 2 mm3. The frequency band is from 25.5 to 28.5 GHz. The measured gain of this antenna is about 9 dB; the bandwidth, at 10 dB return loss, is over 12%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2007.