Integrated Transport Planning Research Articles

Transit-oriented development and bikeability: Classifying public transport station areas in Montreal, Canada

Transit-oriented development (TOD), characterized by a high and mix development around public transport stations, is gaining traction as a sustainable way to support the use of public transport for regional trips and active transport for local trips. To support integrated land use and transport planning, several TOD typologies have been developed, with a focus on land use and transport characteristics, and more recently walkability. While TOD aims to motivate the use of active modes, including cycling, assessments of bikeability have been left out of TOD typologies. To fill this gap, this study seeks to develop a bicycle-oriented TOD typology that combines indicators related to the cycling environment with traditional land use and transport indicators. Using Montreal, Canada as a case study, 14 indicators are generated to develop a TOD typology oriented on bikeability and the 114 public station areas are grouped into seven distinct clusters. The results demonstrate that the addition of bikeability criteria to the TOD typology helps discriminate the different types of stations based on their current bikeability and bikeability potential. The proposed framework enables identifying and prioritizing targeted interventions to station development. This study is of relevance to planners and researchers aiming to integrate cycling in the development of TOD.

A composite index for the evaluation of sustainability in Latin American public transport systems

Latin American public transport (PT) systems are the backbone of urban transport with high ridership levels but at the same time, they face substantial deficits in terms of their sustainability. No comprehensive framework for PT sustainability assessment exists so far that is tailored to the specific local situation in this region. Therefore, this study develops for the first time a theoretically sound and feasible index for assessing the sustainability of PT systems in Latin America, the Sustainable Public Transport Index for Latin America (SPTI-LATAM). The index is based on an Assessment Indicator Model (AIM) with overall 49 indicators in the five dimensions system effectiveness, social, environmental, economic, governance and integrated transport planning. The SPTI-LATAM is designed with three levels: 1) the basic index (BSPTI) containing 32 indicators; 2) the extended index (ESPTI) including 11 additional indicators; and 3) the global index (GSPTI) with 6 additional indicators. The BSPTI is computed for eleven case study cities to demonstrate its feasibility and to analyze the sustainability of PT systems in the region. The framework uses the Equal Weighting Aggregation (EWA) method for assigning weights to each indicator, the Weighted Sum Model (WSM) for aggregating the indicators to the overall index and international standards and benchmarks for normalization. The final scores of the BSPTI show that the case study cities have still challenges to reach sustainability since only two cities had scores slightly higher than the half of achievable points (55 and 51), while eight cities had scores between 40 and 50 points, and one city achieved 39 points. Deficits are identified mainly for PT service quality, for the environmental performance, for the governance dimension and less for PT system coverage. Overall, the analysis of the BSPTI-LATAM for the 11 case study cities shows that the index is suitable for benchmarking sustainability of local PT systems and ready to be used in research and practice.

Collaborative Governance in the Management of Transportation Modes in DKI Jakarta Province

The research emphasizes the pivotal role of effective communication and stakeholder engagement in the success of collaborative governance, achieved through regular dialogues and consultations among all parties. This inclusive approach promotes cooperation and a sense of ownership among stakeholders, enhancing strategy effectiveness. Transparency and accountability are identified as key components in building trust among stakeholders and the public, contributing to a responsive transportation management system. Despite challenges, collaborative governance yields integrated transportation planning, improved traffic management, and enhanced public transportation services, aligning with sustainability goals. However, the study highlights the need for stronger leadership, robust conflict resolution mechanisms, and adaptability to evolving urban transportation dynamics for future enhancements and policy development.

The Decline of Lake Victoria Ferry Services in Kenya, 1961-2012

Purpose: This study examined the operations of Lake Victoria Ferry Services since the independence of the East African countries in 1961 when the management was under the East Africa Railways and Harbors (EARH) and later the Kenya Railways Corporation (KRC). At the beginning of the 20th century the British colonial government established Lake Victoria transport as an extension of railway line in the lake region in Kenya and into Uganda. Despite some challenges, lake transport demonstrated progress in its services and expansion during the colonial period. However, when the management was transferred to the independent governments of East Africa, the operations of ferries were affected by the inefficiencies which marked the beginning of its decline. This study was guided by Politics of the Belly Theory of Bayart who associates underdevelopment of Africa long after independence with corrupt practices of African leaders. The theory shows that postcolonial African leaders have personalized the state for their own and their ethnic community’s gain thereby neglecting the regions which are perceived to be opposing the ruling regime.
 Methodology: A Historical Research Design was used to conduct this study. Non probability sampling methods and procedures were used to identify informants during the collection of primary data. Other primary data were gathered from Kenya National Archives and Railways Museum in Nairobi. Secondary data was collected from relevant publications and other materials.
 Findings: The data obtained were analyzed using content and thematic analysis techniques. This study established that transition in management from colonial to independent East African governments, competition from road transport and disintegration of East African Community led to the decline of maritime transportation on Lake Victoria. In order to revive ferry services on the Lake, major rehabilitations on the existing ports must be done and modern ports built. In the same vein new transport vessels should be acquired. Finally, a permanent solution to the threat of water hyacinth must be pursued and regular dredging of navigational channels done regularly.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study suggests that, the government should promote integrated transport planning as well as developing proper regulations guiding Lake Victoria transport.

Goal-oriented Urban Integrated Transportation Planning under the Concept of Green Mobility

With the development of urban motorization, urban traffic congestion and traffic pollution problems are becoming more and more serious, and the new era of "double carbon" strategic goals have also made important requirements for the transportation sector. The traditional integrated transportation planning has the limitation of being established only to meet the transportation demand, and it also takes less account of the importance of sustainable development. Therefore, this paper reflects on the traditional comprehensive transportation planning from the perspective of the "double carbon" strategic goal, and identifies the problems, combines the current characteristics that there are many green travel modes in the city but not in an orderly way, builds a green travel system in the comprehensive urban transportation planning, integrates the green travel concept into the urban development, and creates a green travel transportation planning system in the urban area. The research results are in line with the requirements of the "double carbon" strategy and the sustainable development of resources, environment and transportation. The research results of this study are in line with the realistic needs and have certain theoretical reference value and practical guidance for urban transportation managers in terms of theory, methodology and practical application.

Active travel and paratransit use in African cities: Mixed-method systematic review and meta-ethnography

Active travel, as a key form of physical activity, can help offset noncommunicable diseases as rapidly urbanising countries undergo epidemiological transition. In Africa a human mobility transition is underway as cities sprawl and motorization rises and preserving active travel modes (walking, cycling and public transport) is important for public health. Across the continent, public transport is dominated by paratransit, privately owned informal modes serving the general public. We reviewed the literature on active travel and paratransit in African cities, published from January 2008 to January 2019. We included 19 quantitative, 14 mixed-method and 8 qualitative studies (n = 41), narratively synthesizing the quantitative data and meta-ethnographically analysing the qualitative data. Integrated findings showed that walking was high, cycling was low and paratransit was a critical mobility option for poor peripheral residents facing long livelihood-generation journeys. As an indigenous solution to dysfunctional mobility systems shaped by colonial and apartheid legacies it was an effective connector, penetrating areas unserved by formal public transport and helping break cycles of poverty. From a public health perspective, it preserved active travel by reducing mode-shifting to private vehicles. Yet many city authorities viewed it as rogue, out of keeping with the ‘ideal modern city’, adopting official anti-paratransit stances without necessarily considering the contribution of active travel to public health. The studies varied in quality and showed uneven geographic representation, with data from Central and Northern Africa especially sparse; notably, there was a high prevalence of non-local authors and out-of-country funding. Nevertheless, drawing together a rich cross-disciplinary set of studies spanning over a decade, the review expands the literature at the intersection of transport and health with its novel focus on paratransit as a key active travel mode in African cities. Further innovative research could improve paratransit's legibility for policymakers and practitioners, fostering its inclusion in integrated transport plans.

Transportation planning for sustainable supply chain network using big data technology

The popularization of big data technology has a great impact on decision-making and optimization of a sustainable supply chain network. An integrated transportation planning and product retailing decision is a typical optimization problem in the sustainable supply chain network, especially in the setting of subjective uncertainty. Carbon regulatory and environmental changes around the world, as well as growing consumer concerns about carbon emissions, are forcing supply chain managers to redefine carbon emissions. This paper uses big data technology to investigate an integrated transportation planning and retailing optimization problem of supply chain network under different carbon regulatory policies. Different from previous literature, we adopt the uncertainty theory to deal with the uncertainty in big data information and characterize the parameters in the integrated optimization problem as uncertain variables. Four uncertain optimization models under different carbon regulatory policies are established, and their equivalent forms and mathematical properties are discussed based on the inverse uncertainty distribution. The impacts of the different carbon regulatory policies on supply chain performance are analyzed through computational experiments. The research results can not only help supply chain managers make transportation planning and product retailing decisions in the sustainable supply chain network, but also assist governments to formulate effective carbon regulatory policies.

Utilization of adaptive methodology to underpin rail transportation systems: Sydney metro’s methodical formulation

PurposeAs a part of adaptive and complex system thinking, geographic information systems (GIS) are beneficial particularly for transportation projects, where uncertainty is frequent. Accordingly, this paper aims to examine the utilization of GIS in line with adaptive and complex system thinking, as the basis of the methodical formulation of perceived gaps within the integrated transportation planning (ITP) specifically for the mega transportation projects. Such a framework is undertaken, as the mega transportation projects although may seem straightforward, however, are problematic and require more consideration than the traditional triple bottom line factors. Using the Sydney Metro as the case study, the outcome demonstrates the significance of the fourth separate dimension of engineering into the aforementioned bottom-line factors.Design/methodology/approachThe research examines the utilization of adaptive and complex system thinking, as the basis of the methodical formulation of perceived gaps within the ITP. The use of Sydney’s Metro project is a novel example of the proposed methodical formulation and its empirical assessment and provides a better understanding of the use of mapping and planning tools for mega transportation projects.FindingsAptly, using the developed conceptual framework, this research further validates the inclusion of a separate engineering dimension with the usual triple bottom line factors. Such inclusion is paramount in responding to the existing ITP gaps found within the current literature.Originality/valueThis research uses GIS and ITP process to support the aforementioned adaptive and complex system thinking. This, in turn, is used as the basis of a methodical formulation framework in dealing with mega rail transportation infrastructure. To support such a proposition, Sydney Metro is examined as the basis of a case study.

ИНТЕГРИРОВАННОЕ ТРАНСПОРТНОЕ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОГО ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ГОРОДА

The paper considers the issues of planning the development of transport infrastructure in the context of the prospective territorial development of the city. Integrated transport planning in-volves taking into account many aspects in the process of developing transport system development plans. The aim of the work is to develop a scientific approach to integrated transport planning in the conditions of prospective territorial development of the city. Therefore, the article presents a multi-criteria optimization method based on the method of successive concessions, which allows us to find the most rational solution to the scheme of implementation of transport construction. The results of the study are presented on the example of the transport network of the city of Krasno-yarsk.

Identifying transport policy gaps in student travel demand management in South Africa

Background: Travel demand in higher education precincts is derived from the affordability of university education, the availability of student accommodation on- or off-campus and the manner in which university mobility is managed.Objectives: This article described the transport policy environment for student travel behaviour through the process of integrated policy analysis (PIPA) with the primary aim of outlining the major directions of student mobility management from peer-reviewed literature.Method: Gaps in the South African transport policy environment were identified for university student mobility as a result of the official policy position neglecting the segment and 7 of 26 public universities acting upon these markets without enabling legislation.Results: It was found that measures associated with managing travel demand demarcate mobility management practices. Through the literature, the article found that (1) the policy environment lags behind university interventions, which resonate with international evidence; (2) international evidence reveals that multiple directions for managing travel demand for university precincts; and (3) there is a need to reform the mobility and access policies for university precincts in South Africa (SA).Conclusion: In essence, the literature review presented heterogenous contexts and techniques to specify mobility and access problems and redress them. This enhanced the quality of policy design, evaluation and implementation particularly for integrated transport planning in SA. The primary limit of this study was that it is a policy review, relying heavily on secondary data to set the scene for future research.

Inland Waterway Transportation (IWT) in Ghana: A case study of Volta Lake Transport

Water bodies have been an amazing mode of transport for carrying people and/or goods within and across regional, national and continental borders. Hitherto, a lot of countries still depend on inland water transport for the transportation of bulk and general cargo across lakes/rivers over long distances. Similarly, Ghana’s Inland Water Transport (IWT) system managed by Volta Lake transport Company (VLTC) has been in operation for decades. Regardless of the long years of operational activities, the IWT system in Ghana is faced with numerous constraints grouped under administrative, market, logistics and technical constraints which impede smooth operations and growth of the industry. By means of interviews and questionnaires, open ended verbal questions were used to ascertain respondents’ opinions on these major challenges. In this regard, some recommendations such as institutionalization and proper regulation of IWT, dredging or periodic maintenance of navigational channels, improvement of logistics and infrastructural development and also promotion of integrated transport planning, to boost IWT system in Ghana and other countries with similar constrains were presented. As encouragement approach, some benefits of improved IWT as enjoyed by many countries with competitive IWT were also discussed in comparison with Ghana and other countries where IWT is not very competitive.

Integrated Transport Planning: From Supply- to Demand-Oriented Planning. Considering the Benefits

The idea of integrated transport planning is widely accepted in the research community as well as in the field of transport policy. However, the actual implementation is still lagging behind. Acknowledging the gap between concept and reality, the benefits of a demand-oriented approach have to be reconsidered by the various stakeholders in politics, the economy, planning and civil society. In order to address this issue, we created a factual use-case by redefining empirical data (qualitative interviews) from Berlin, which our department collected in 2013 for a research project on e-mobility. The initial objective was to find out what kind of charging infrastructure would be necessary to persuade on-street parkers in densely-populated inner city areas to switch to e-mobility vehicles in the future, basically following the conventional ‚predict and provide‘-approach characteristic of traditional transport planning. In the course of the research, we decided to go against the directive and switched perspective completely in favour of a demand-approach, enquiring into people’s needs, which otherwise would have remained unidentified and invisible. Rather than creating the data to support proposed planning interventions, our method led to a much more sustainable, bottom-up planning strategy in line with the social and ecological benefits of an integrated transport planning approach and revealed the real mobility needs of people living in inner-city areas of Berlin.

Understanding Added Value in Integrated Transport Planning: Exploring the Framework of Intelligence, Design and Choice

Transport infrastructure projects have become more integrated in nature. An important driver of the ambition to approach space in a more integrated manner is the idea that doing so will generate added value. However, in transport infrastructure planning practice, the argument to adopt integrated planning approaches seems to be mainly rhetorical in nature. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion about the notion of added value through integrated planning by developing an analytical evaluation framework. In order to do so, we go back to one of the founding fathers of decision-making sciences and present a conceptual synthesis. We explore this synthesis by conducting a literature review and an illustrative expert session. We conclude with the analytical evaluation framework and elaborate on implications in practice.

Integrated Transport Planning: The 'Rehabilitation' of a contested concept in UK bus reforms

The paper is part of what we can call “post New Public Management (NPM) studies” which denounce that the policies of austerity and competition have made local public transport fragmented and less attractive for customers. These studies that indicate the need for greater coordination within this sector as a condition of social and environmental, and not only financial, sustainability are increasingly numerous. We show how the public transport legislative evolution in UK (more strictly Great Britain) has aimed towards the assurance of more coordination into a fragmented sector. However in its last stage, the Bus Services Act 2017, we find not only more incentives to increase coordination but the ‘rehabilitation’ of a contested concept such as the integrated transport planning. Specifically, we show that the ‘rehabilitation’ of the integrated transport planning did not happen immediately but gradually over the years through several reforms. During this transition, both negative and positive aspects, and the tensions between competitive mechanisms and coordination mechanisms have lived together. This tension demonstrates the challenge of finding an appropriate role for public and private actors to make public transport fully sustainable. The case of Great Britain shows that transport sustainability must be found in a mix of mechanisms: not only market and partnership but also hierarchical mechanisms, such as an integrated and coordinated planning.

Transit-oriented development and ports: A national analysis in the United States

This study quantified the number of fixed-transit station areas, by transit-oriented development (TOD) typology, close to major sea and river port facilities across the United States. Moreover, the study analyzed population, job, transportation, and built environment characteristics near ports. The National TOD Database was combined with the National Transportation Atlas Database, and geographic information systems analysis was utilized to isolate all stations located within a half-mile, one mile, and three miles of major ports. Findings showed that TODs are located as close as a half-mile to some of the largest ports in the United States, including Boston, Chicago, Miami, and San Francisco/Oakland. Twenty-one percent of all stations were located within three miles of major ports across the nation; thus, TODs and major ports can successfully coincide despite tensions that may arise over congestion. Few studies have examined integrated land use and transportation planning for TODs near major ports. This study recommends ideas for future quantitative and qualitative research.

Public Participation Procedure in Integrated Transport and Green Infrastructure Planning

The dialogue among the decision makers and stakeholders is a crucial part of any decision-making processes, particularly in case of integrated transportation planning and planning of green infrastructure where a multitude of actors is present. Although the theory of public participation is well-developed after several decades of research, there is still a lack of practical guidelines due to the specificity of public participation challenges. The paper presents a model of public participation for integrated transport and green infrastructure planning for international project TRANSGREEN covering the area of five European countries – Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary and Romania. The challenge of the project is to coordinate the efforts of public actors and NGOs in international environment in oftentimes precarious projects of transport infrastructure building and developing of green infrastructure. The project aims at developing and environmentally-friendly and safe international transport network. The proposed public participation procedure consists of five main steps – spread of information (passive), collection of information (consultation), intermediate discussion, engagement and partnership (empowerment). The initial spread of information is a process of communicating with the stakeholders, informing and educating them and it is based on their willingness to be informed. The methods used in this stage are public displays, newsletters or press releases. The second step of consultation is based on transacting the opinions of stakeholders to the decision makers. Pools, surveys, public hearings or written responses are examples of the multitude of ways to achieve this objective and the main principle of openness of stakeholders. The third step is intermediate discussion where all sides of are invited to a dialogue using the tools such as public meetings, workshops or urban walks. The fourth step is an engagement based on humble negotiation, arbitration and mediation. The collaborative skill needed here is dealing with conflicts. The final step in the procedure is partnership and empowerment employing methods as multi-actor decision making, voting or referenda. The leading principle is cooperation. In this ultimate step, the stakeholders are becoming decision makers themselves and the success factor here is continuous evaluation.

National transport policy in Austria \u2013 from its beginning till today

IntroductionThe objective of the paper is to research the historic development of the Austrian transport policy. It explores when a transport strategy was made for the first time, from whom, and which purpose was pursuit. It shows how the objectives of the transport strategy changed over time and when passenger and freight transport took over to become the main focus of the planning process. Furthermore it is researched when, and if, there was a change from a solely sectorial mono-modal transport strategy (road, rail separated) towards an integrated transport planning process and when, and if, there was a development away from a demand-fulfillment-driven transport planning paradigm towards a transport-demand-management driven transport planning strategy.MethodsThe information used stemmed from an analysis of existing transport master plans and other political documents and reports published in Austria within the last decades. In a subsequent step the results of this analysis are assessed against the so called “Ideal Decision Making Process” (IDMP) developed in former research activities, and shows in a clear way how the transport strategy in Austria evolved and improved over time.ResultsComprehensive overview of the development of Austria’s transport strategy over time including all means of transport.ConclusionThe Austrian transport strategy evolved over the last 40 years from a sectorial, demand-fulfillment-driven transport strategy towards an integrated multi-modal, demand-management-driven transport strategy including some environmental issues. Further, an outlook is provided in which direction the national transport planning strategies should be developed to be able to tackle future challenges such economic, social and ecologic sustainability.

Combinatorial connectivity and spectral graph analytics for urban public transportation system

Abstract Spatial structural analytics have increased importance in recent years as a helpful tool for decision making as well as public operators’ commitment in integrated transport planning and land use. Analysis of complex systems remains the domain of excellence to grasp for control complexity. The public transportation transit system assessment targets two important aspects of public transport network: the organizational diagnosis and the technical diagnosis. Theoretical foundations derived from order theory (combinatorial connectivity, spectral graphs analysis) provide interesting solutions to study exchanges and flows in a system. These are systemic tools well suited to big linked data analytics. Various applications exist in the areas of computer networks, social networks analysis, economic analysis and, knowledge discovery. This paper involves simplicial algebra and centrality based on spectral graphs for the discovery of the organization and the existing linkage between transport supply given by the routes served by transport (bus, tram, metro, train) and demand resulted in attractive spatial zones (stop stations generators). The case study concerns the analysis of urban transportation systems of the city of Valenciennes (France). However, the approach remains valid for other networks without any alterations or modifications.

Selection of the most adequate trip-modelling tool for integrated transport planning system

This paper deals with the problem of selection the most suitable trip-modelling tool (TMT), which is a part of the more complex integrated transport planning system (ITPS) at the regional scale. Since an application of TMT is not autonomous and several different users exist the selection problem is not a trivial. In this paper, an original five-phase selection procedure is presented. The first phase consists in specifica¬tion of both, detailed expectations of all identified users and technical requirements of ITPS. Second phase deals with research on available TMT while a third one is concentrated on defining a comprehensive set of criteria. In this phase critical criteria as well as selection criteria are defined. First one is utilised to eliminate unacceptable TMTs in phase four and second one to evaluate and select most adequate TMT in phase five. In the paper an exemplary application of this procedure is presented. The authors have defined 2 critical criteria and a set of 19 selection criteria. The last one is divided into 3 main subsets, i.e. functional, technical and financial contexts of selection process. All the selection criteria are characterised by 43 sub-criteria and some of them are more detailed extended. Using this procedure 3 out of 6 alternative TMTs including Emme, Aimsun and Visum have been initially accepted and next evaluated. Finally, Visum has been selected and recommended for application into ITPS.

Cyber–Physical Control of Road Freight Transport

Freight transportation is of outmost importance for our society and is continuously increasing. At the same time, transporting goods on roads accounts for about 26% of all energy consumption and 18% of all greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. Despite the influence the transportation system has on our energy consumption and the environment, road transportation is mainly done by individual long-haulage trucks with no real-time coordination or global optimization. In this paper, we review how modern information and communication technology supports a cyber-physical transportation system architecture with an integrated logistic system coordinating fleets of trucks traveling together in vehicle platoons. From the reduced air drag, platooning trucks traveling close together can save about 10% of their fuel consumption. Utilizing road grade information and vehicle-to-vehicle communication, a safe and fuel-optimized cooperative look-ahead control strategy is implemented on top of the existing cruise controller. By optimizing the interaction between vehicles and platoons of vehicles, it is shown that significant improvements can be achieved. An integrated transport planning and vehicle routing in the fleet management system allows both small and large fleet owners to benefit from the collaboration. A realistic case study with 200 heavy-duty vehicles performing transportation tasks in Sweden is described. Simulations show overall fuel savings at more than 5% thanks to coordinated platoon planning. It is also illustrated how well the proposed cooperative look-ahead controller for heavy-duty vehicle platoons manages to optimize the velocity profiles of the vehicles over a hilly segment of the considered road network.