Integrated Survey System Research Articles

Integrated Offshore Seismic Survey Using an Unmanned Wave Glider

An autonomous surface vehicle, known as a wave glider, was used to record refracted and reflected signals from a seismic source penetrating the shallow subsurface. An integrated survey system consisting of a wave gilder and a human-operated source vessel was deployed. These survey systems are used to acquire wide-offset seismic survey data from specific areas, such as offshore structures. The wave gliders can collect seismic refraction and reflection data, which can be used to estimate subsurface information, e.g., acoustic wave velocity and subsurface structure. We processed raw data collected by a receiver equipped with the wave glider and used the relationship between travel time and offset distance to calculate the velocities of shallow sedimentary deposits and the acoustic basement. The velocities of the sedimentary deposits and basement were estimated to be 1557 and 3507 m/s, respectively. We then overlaid the velocities on subsurface data measured using a single-channel streamer. Our results indicate that unmanned equipment can be used for ocean exploration to aid offshore energy development.

Integration of surveys in the State of Hawaii, U.S.A.

Abstract An integrated survey system will be introduced into New South Wales in the near future. Its introduction will not immediately solve all the problems associated with our system of isolated surveys. It will, however, be an important step in the modernisation of our cadastral system. An historical examination has been made of a similar system to our own — the State of Hawaii, U.S.A. — as an aid in understanding this present development.

The Integration Survey System in New South Wales

•Progress in the implementation of the Integrated Survey System in New South Wales up to the present is reviewed briefly. Specific examples to show up the effects of using the selected prOJection are given in order to clarify them. The need for great care in framing the regulations which will accompany the proposed Act is emphasized. Most of the papers on survey integration which have been published in The Australian Surveyor recently have had the specific aim of explaining the system and presenting its benefits to the profession. The surveyor is now accustomed to the idea of working in such a system and in New South Wales a lot of progress has been made on the path toward integration. It is hoped that legislation introducing a Survey Integration Act will be passed in the present sitting of the State Parliament; and draft regulations for this Act are now being considered by a sub­ committee of the Institution. As a direct consequence of the funds, which the Commonwealth has released to the States, manpower has been employed in rural areas placing Permanent Marks and these await coordination. Details of the projection have been decided (see reference 1) and shortly projection tables will be printed by the Government Printer. A technical manual is being prepared, and the Lands Department has acquired a computer, which will help with the processing and recording of survey data. A series of courses, designed to explain the proposed system in both its theory and application, has been run by the School of Surveying at the University of New South Wales. It seems that the stage is set for a successful transition to the integration system. It is now a good time to pause, in order to appraise the progress that has been made so far, and particularly to study the impact that it has had on the thinking of the surveying community. The writer was involved in the recent courses mentioned above and found the comments made by those attending interesting. Nearly 200 people have now been to the courses, and these men must be considered representative of the profession at large, such is the diversity of their background and experience. Why integration at all? There are a few people who, despite the many arguments that have been presented in favour of integration, still oppose it in principle (or on principle). Some of these agree with the idea of working in a

The computer and the surveyor … in perspective

Abstract In this article an attempt is made to remove some of the confusions that may block understanding of the digital computer, its use and its application to the surveying profession. An outline of the history of electronic data processing is given from the earliest concepts of numerical symbols and mechanical accounting machines to the present levels of technological skills. The various functional components that collectively form a data processing system are described in simple and non-technical terms. Data representation and storage devices are considered in order to introduce a typical data processing system. Data processing methods and user responsibilities are emphasized to highlight data processing justification. More importantly the article is intended to help surveyors understand the part that electronic data processing could play in the successful introduction of the “Integrated Survey System” into New South Wales. Hence the objective of this article is educational and informative rather than technically detailed.

Integration of surveys

Abstract The implementation of an integrated survey system is a unique exercise for any state which embarks on the project. In this article the partially integrated system in the United States is examined for useful guide lines for Australian consideration.

The Use of Photogrammetry in Integrated Surveys

The term, “integrated surveys”, is probably of Canadian origin and was first introduced in the surveying literature of the early 1960’s. Today it has become a slogan that is extensively used but sometimes loosely interpreted. The true concept of an integrated-survey system is clarified in this paper which analyzes the various components, forming such a system, and the role of photogrammetry in them. Current problems in the development of Canadian survey integration are discussed, particularly the need for standardization of coordinate systems.