Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Research Articles

Development of New UHD-1 (4K)/UHD-2 (8K) UHDTV Satellite Broadcasting System in Japan

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">UHD-1/4K and UHD-2/8K satellite broadcasts were launched on 1 December 2018 in Japan. One of these services, the broadcast of UHD-2/8K was the first of its kind in the world. This broadcasting system adopts high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) with highly efficient compression performance, a newly developed (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting) ISDB-S3 transmission system, which uses the 16APSK modulation scheme and other new technologies. In this paper, we provide details of the new UHD-1/4K and UHD-2/8K services, focusing on standardizing technical specifications and practical ways to introduce new reception systems into households</i> .

A Statistical Evaluation of Detection Response of an Electric Field Probe Loaded With Nonlinear Diodes for Modulated Signals

To improve the calibration uncertainty of an electric field probe loaded with diodes to modulated signals, an approximate method for evaluating the detection response using the probability density function (pdf) of the envelope amplitude of an actually transmitted modulated signal waveform is proposed. In this article, we focus on the high-strength modulated signals and evaluate the effect of the nonlinearity of the transmission system on the probe gain. First, the equivalent circuit parameters of an electric field probe are estimated using an unmodulated signal and then used to simulate the probe gain for the amplitude-modulation (AM) signal. The probe gain for the modulated signal deviates considerably from that for the unmodulated signal, depending on the modulating frequency and modulation index of the AM signal, especially when a large incident voltage is applied to the equivalent circuit simulating the probe. Moreover, we propose two approximate expressions using the pdf to obtain the fluctuation range of the detection response of the modulated signal. One is an approximate expression that considers the equivalent circuit parameters of the probe. The other one is an approximate expression for the modulated signal with slow envelope variation. These two expressions are found to give a good approximation of the asymptotic value of the probe gain for an AM signal with fast and slow envelope variations, respectively. By applying these approximate expressions, the upper and lower limits of the gain variation of the probe for the AM signal are obtained. As an application to actual communication signals, integrated services digital broadcasting terrestrial (ISDB-T) signals and single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) signals are demonstrated as examples. It is shown that the probe gain in the saturation region increases as the signal bandwidth or peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) increases, which can be understood similar to the probe response to AM signals.

Operating white space devices in the DTV service area

Abstract White space devices (WSDs) that operate in the underutilized TV bands (TV white space) must not interfere with the incumbent digital TV (DTV) reception. We identify the conditions for harmonious coexistence between WSD and three different DTV services: Advanced Television Systems Committee, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial, and Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial. We find that a WSD can operate within all three regions provided that (1) its radiated power is smaller than 13 dBm, (2) it keeps a minimum distance of 50 m from a DTV receiver, (3) it operates in the adjacent channels except the closest one.

Passive bistatic radar using digital video broadcasting-terrestrial receivers as general-purpose software-defined radio receivers.

We investigate the use of low-cost digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) receivers as general-purpose software-defined radio (SDR) receivers for passive bistatic radar (PBR) applications. Two DVB-T receivers are synchronized using a common clock to perform coherent measurements. By exploiting the direct-path signal in the surveillance channel, we use the cross-correlation process to estimate the time offset between the data streams of reference and surveillance channels caused by the universal serial bus communication. We demonstrate the detection of static and moving targets as well as short-range targets, including a landing airplane at 8 km, multiple ships with different velocities, and vehicles within 20 m from the receiver acquiring at a 2 MHz bandwidth, by using Japan's Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial digital TeleVision (TV) signal broadcast. We also propose to improve the range resolution of the designed PBR system by combining multiple SDR receivers tuned to different carrier frequencies. The designed system and proposed method can be used for various applications, such as airplane navigation, harbor protection, and traffic density monitoring.

A Proposal for the Next Generation of ISDB-TB using FBMC in a SDR Implementation on GNU Radio Environment

Digital TV standards are continuously evolving in order to provide users with livelier experiences. Nowadays, the trend in digital TV is to investigate the evolution of present systems to enable the transmission of 8K video programs. In order to do so, the physical layer of the system has to be adapted to be able to transmit the required bit rate. On the other hand, the modulation technique Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC) has been widely studied in many communication systems, like 5G and WiMax, as a viable alternative to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). This fact stems from the better utilization of bandwidth and more robustness to interferences in FBMC. This paper presents a study of the use of FBMC in Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial B (ISDB-TB), developing a complete software radio model on GNU Radio, and accomplishing comparisons with the OFDM system. The GNU Radio has been an important tool in order to simulate communications system, due to fact that it is a free and open source software, that allows analyzes and measurements in real time.

We Measured and Have Expanded the Space for More Services in Digital Television

Digital TV stations transmissions can be configured so that the useful bit rate can accommodate a variable amount of information. We observed that the ISDB-Tb (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial, version B) bit rate is not fully utilized by the broadcasters. Hence, services can be added beyond to the content of television without this being hindered.

Measurements methodology for evaluation of Digital TV operation in VHF high-band

This paper describes the experimental setup of field measurements carried out for evaluating the operation of the ISDB-TB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting, Terrestrial, Brazilian version) standard digital TV in the VHF-highband. Measurements were performed in urban and suburban areas in a medium-sized Brazilian city. Besides the direct measurements of received power and environmental noise, a measurement procedure involving the injection of Gaussian additive noise was employed to achieve the signal to noise ratio threshold at each measurement site. The analysis includes results of static reception measurements for evaluating the received field strength and the signal to noise ratio thresholds for correct signal decoding.

Spectrum Sensing System in Software-defined Radio to Determine Spectrum Availability

Spectrum sensing is an integral part of cognitive radio, which seeks to address the perceived spectrum scarcity that is caused by inefficient utilization of the available spectrum. In this paper, a spectrum sensing system using energy detection for analog TV and FM broadcast transmitters as well as modified Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signals is implemented on a software-defined radio platform using GNU’s Not Unix (GNU) radio and the N200 Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). Real-time implementation and experimental tests were conducted in Metro Cebu, a highly urbanized area in the southern part of the Philippines. Extensive tests and measurements were necessary to determine spectrum availability, particularly in the TV band. This is in support of the Philippine government’s efforts to provide internet connectivity to rural areas. Experimental results have so far met IEEE 802.22 requirements for energy detection spectrum sensing. The designed system detected signals at -114 dBm within a sensing time of 100 ms. Furthermore, the required PSUBd/SUB(≥ 90) and PSUBfa/SUB(≤10) of the standard were also achieved with different thresholds for various signal sources representing primary users.

Wide Bandwidth CuO-Modified BaCoFeO Ferrite Antenna

This letter proposes a wide bandwidth monopole-like antenna, made from hexagonal Y-type ferrite Ba 2 Co 2 Fe 12 O 22 with CuO addition for the reception of terrestrial broadcasting, integrated services digital broadcasting (ISDB), allocated in the 470-770 MHz frequency band. The magnetic and electrical properties of the ferrite include a low magnetic loss of 0.05 with a relative permeability of 2.7 and an electrical loss of less than 0.01 with a relative permittivity of 14 up to 1 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna has dimensions 3 × 3 × 30 mm 3 , is excited by a feedthrough conductor, and employs matching circuit elements to modify its impedance. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna has an average gain of - 1 dBi at a central frequency of approximately 600 MHz, and a wide frequency bandwidth of 300 MHz over the entire frequency range of the ISDB band at a gain level greater than - 5 dBi.

Feasibility Study on Aircraft Positioning by Using ISDB-T Signal Delay

This letter is concerned with experimental results of aircraft positioning by using terrestrial digital broadcasting signal delay. Passive bistatic radar (PBR) is expected to be a conventional primary surveillance radar alternative, and it can also achieve expanding coverage area of the conventional radar. The PBR sensors allow the detection and tracking of noncooperative targets illuminated by transmitters of opportunity such as communication systems [digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB), AM/FM, 3G/LTE base stations, etc.] or conventional radar system. Especially, the DTTB signals are the most expected radio waves. In this letter, we show experimental results of aircraft positioning by using the signal delay profile of DTTB whose type is Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting–Terrestrial (ISDB-T) used in Japan. It will be shown that the ISDB-T signal delays are useful surveillance systems.

On Enhancing the Pilot-Aided Sampling Clock Offset Estimation of Mobile OFDM Systems

Sampling Clock Offset (SCO) estimation is an important issue in Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems because sampling frequency mismatch between the transmitter and the receiver may severely degrade the system performance due to the loss of orthogonality between the subcarriers. SCO estimation in mobile environment is quite challenging since channel variation leads to an additional phase rotation that masks the SCO effects. However, most of the existing techniques rely on the assumption of a time-invariant channel and become considerably inaccurate in a mobile environment. In this paper, we propose an improvement to an existing pilot-aided SCO estimator aiming to provide robustness against channel variations. Performance was evaluated through simulations in an ISDB-T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial) compliant system and the results have shown a considerable improvement for all ranges of signal-to-noise ratios, specially for higher Doppler spread.

Sliding-MOMP Based Channel Estimation Scheme for ISDB-T Systems

Compressive sensing based channel estimation has shown its advantage of accurate reconstruction for sparse signal with less pilots for OFDM systems. However, high computational cost requirement of CS method, due to linear programming, significantly restricts its implementation in practical applications. In this paper, we propose a reduced complexity channel estimation scheme of modified orthogonal matching pursuit with sliding windows for ISDB-T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting for Terrestrial) system. The proposed scheme can reduce the computational cost by limiting the searching region as well as making effective use of the last estimation result. In addition, adaptive tracking strategy with sliding sampling window can improve the robustness of CS based methods to guarantee its accuracy of channel matrix reconstruction, even for fast time-variant channels. The computer simulation demonstrates its impact on improving bit error rate and computational complexity for ISDB-T system.

Transport Stream Analysis of a ISDB-T Signal Using an Embedded and Reconfigurable System

Quality management is an important criterion to evaluate broadcaster's transmission system integrity, which can be affected by radiofrequency signal impairments and by coding, multiplexing, and/or modulation errors. The international system integrated services digital broadcasting - terrestrial (ISDB-T) was designed to provide a reliable reception, even with interferences inherent to radio wave propagation. However, channel noise, as well as problems in the transmission system, may corrupt the transport stream (TS), causing image failures and, depending on the error level, even a complete loss of signal. This paper presents a supervisory system consisting of an ISDB-T front-end with spatial diversity of four branches, associated with a system-on-chip (SoC) board, in order to analyze the TS of any broadcaster, identifying transmission errors in real-time. The system continuously searches received data for impairments such as cyclic redundancy check - 32 and continuity counter errors, table/section intervals, and program clock reference jitter. The SoC comprises a field programmable gate array that includes a hard-wired processor, used to compute and show the analysis results.

Internet on Terrestrial Digital TV Networks: A Proposal for Space Allocation for Internet Data

Most countries over the world have been upgrading their Television broadcasting networks from analog to digital; this is because of the many advantages offered by the digital networks. Some of which include vast amount of information delivered by the digital TV system. It is in this concept that this paper proposes another achievable advantage that the digital terrestrial TV would offer to the consumers. Digital Terrestrial TV networks that also carry Internet data is the intention that is described in this paper. Given the vast networks that have already been implemented by service providers, users would find it very convenient just to plug the computers to the set-top boxes and access Internet. Consumers may find it very convenient to pay for the TV content and Internet usage separately. With several technologies like ATSC, DMB, DVB-T2 and ISDB-T already in existence, it is from this background that a concept to improve bandwidth, compression, source coding and line coding is suggested for maximum network exploitation. Key Words: Digital Terrestrial TV (DTT), Advance Television System Committee (ATSC), Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB), Digital Video Broadcasting- Terrestrial 2 (DVB-T2), Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Inverse Fourier Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), Single Carrier (SC) and Multi Carrier (MC)

A Survey of Digital Television Broadcast Transmission Techniques

This paper is a survey of the transmission techniques used in digital television (TV) standards worldwide. With the increase in the demand for High-Definition (HD) TV, video-on-demand and mobile TV services, there was a real need for more bandwidth-efficient, flawless and crisp video quality, which motivated the migration from analogue to digital broadcasting. In this paper we present a brief history of the development of TV and then we survey the transmission technology used in different digital terrestrial, satellite, cable and mobile TV standards in different parts of the world. First, we present the Digital Video Broadcasting standards developed in Europe for terrestrial (DVB-T/T2), for satellite (DVB-S/S2), for cable (DVB-C) and for hand-held transmission (DVB-H). We then describe the Advanced Television System Committee standards developed in the USA both for terrestrial (ATSC) and for hand-held transmission (ATSC-M/H). We continue by describing the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting standards developed in Japan for Terrestrial (ISDB-T) and Satellite (ISDB-S) transmission and then present the International System for Digital Television (ISDTV), which was developed in Brazil by adopteding the ISDB-T physical layer architecture. Following the ISDTV, we describe the Digital Terrestrial television Multimedia Broadcast (DTMB) standard developed in China. Finally, as a design example, we highlight the physical layer implementation of the DVB-T2 standard.

Heuristic algorithm based on multicriteria analysis for selection of first mile access in standard integrated services digital broadcasting terrestrial

Technologies used to link the end-user to a telecommunication infrastructure have been growing over time because of the consolidation of new access technologies. Moreover, the arrival of new tools for information dissemination, such as interactive digital TV, creates a bidirectional element, capable of connecting the end-user to telecommunications networks through access technologies such as worldwide interoperability for microwave access, 3G, asymmetric digital subscriber line and power line communication. This study presents a heuristic based on multicriteria analysis for selection of first mile access in the integrated services digital broadcasting terrestrial standard, ensuring quality of service, using a videoconferencing application as an example. The following analytical approaches, with multicriteria analysis, are presented towards decision making for televisions connected to more than one return channel: (a) fuzzy AHP for defining the criteria weights (delay, jitter, throughput, packet loss etc.); (b) technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, for approximation, guided by measurements taken in real scenarios; (c) elimination and choice translating reality III method, used to ranking the alternatives and comparing with TOPSIS.

Low-Power Time Deinterleaver for ISDB-T Receiver

A time deinterleaver structure for Terrestrial Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB-T) is presented to reduce power consumption in synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM). ISDB-T exploits long time interleaving, which requires many long delay buffers at the deinterleaving of the receiver. The conventional single-pointer structure reduces the number of the pointer registers, but it shows inefficiency with SDRAM. The proposed structure allocates the delay buffers appropriately for reducing the number of SDRAM accesses and row activations and, as a result, the SDRAM power consumption. Experimental result shows that SDRAM power consumption is reduced by 24%.

Transmission analysis of digital TV signals over a Radio-on-FSO channel

Recently, radio-on-free-space optical (RoFSO) technology is regarded as a new universal platform for enabling seamless convergence of fiber and FSO communication networks, thus extending broadband connectivity to underserved areas. In this article, an experimental demonstration of the newly developed advanced RoFSO system capable of transmitting the Japanese integrated services digital broadcasting- terrestrial (ISDB-T) signals over a 1 km FSO link is presented. Our innovative system combines a new generation full optical FSO system with radio over fiber technology. Important performance quality metrics like the modulation error ratio and bit error rate are measured and analyzed to characterize the deployment environment influencing the transmission of ISDB-T signals over the FSO link. The obtained results can be used for designing, predicting, and evaluating the RoFSO system capable of transmitting multiple wireless services over turbulent FSO links.

Impulsive Noise Suppression for ISDB-T Receivers Based on Adaptive Window Function

Impulsive noise interference is a significant problem for the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting for Terrestrial (ISDB-T) receivers due to its effect on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. In this paper, an adaptive scheme to suppress the effect of impulsive noise is proposed. The impact of impulsive noise can be detected by using the guard band in the frequency domain; furthermore the position information of the impulsive noise, including burst duration, instantaneous power and arrived time, can be estimated as well. Then a time-domain window function with adaptive parameters, which are decided in terms of the estimated information of the impulsive noise and the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), is employed to suppress the impulsive interference. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed scheme, which improved the bit error rate (BER) performance for the ISDB-T receivers in both AWGN channel and Rayleigh fading channel.

60-GHz Repeater Link for an ISDB-T Gap-Filler System Based on Self-Heterodyne Technique Applying an Adaptive Distortion Suppression Technique

A 60-GHz through-repeater link, which adopts the self-heterodyne transmission technique and a distortion suppression technique, is demonstrated as a solution to cost-effectively develop an Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting for Terrestrial gap-filler system.