The article discusses the relevance of the problem of invasive alien species (IAS) in Europe, highlights the bioecological characteristics of invasive species of the genus Heracleum (H. mantegazzianum, H. persicum, and H. sosnowskyi) and historical ways of introduction. Statistics on the spread of these species and their negative impact on biodiversity and ecosystem resilience are presented. The spread of invasive species of the genus Heracleum has far-reaching consequences, affecting ecosystem sustainability, the economy, and healthcare. It has been shown that the ecological consequences of the impact are manifested not only in the ability of these species to displace native flora and disrupt natural ecosystems, but also in various areas of economic activity. These plants’ aggressive growth and allelopathic effects lead to significant economic costs associated with land management and agricultural productivity. The examples of different mechanisms of impact of invasive species of the genus Heracleum highlight their detrimental effects on ecosystems and human health. In particular, the phototoxic substances of Heracleum spp. pose severe risks to human health, causing skin inflammation and long-term photosensitivity. Various methods of controlling, eradicating and preventing the spread of Heracleum spp. species in Europe are discussed in detail, including mechanical, biological, and chemical methods and preventive strategies. Attention is also focused on post-eradication control methods, disposal of plant waste generated during eradication, and restoration of natural vegetation. The key steps of an integrated approach to effectively reduce the invasion of Heracleum spp. in new areas are analysed. The urgent need for integrated management strategies to mitigate the impact of invasive Heracleum species and prevent further spread is shown. It is noted that IPM control is an important international issue that requires coordinated efforts at the EU and UN levels. The conclusion is drawn about an integrated management approach that combines physical, chemical and biological methods adapted to specific regional conditions and aligned with international biodiversity goals. The article also discusses the role of public awareness and education in preventing the spread of invasive species. Public involvement in early detection and rapid response initiatives is emphasised, which is crucial for the successful management of alien invasive plant species.
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