Integrated Management Approach Research Articles

Two Decades of Integrated Flood Management: Status, Barriers, and Strategies

Losses from flood disasters are increasing globally due to climate-driven forces and human factors such as migration and land use changes. The risks of such floods involve multiple factors and stakeholders, and frameworks for integrated approaches have attracted a global community of experts. The paper reviews the knowledge base for integrated flood risk management frameworks, including more than twenty bibliometric reviews of their elements. The knowledge base illustrates how integrated strategies for the reduction of flood risk are required at different scales and involve responses ranging from climate and weather studies to the construction of infrastructure, as well as collective action for community resilience. The Integrated Flood Management framework of the Associated Programme on Flood Management of the World Meteorological Organization was developed more than twenty years ago and is explained in some detail, including how it fits within the Integrated Water Resources Management concept that is managed by the Global Water Partnership. The paper reviews the alignment of the two approaches and how they can be used in tandem to reduce flood losses. Success of both integrated management approaches depends on governance and institutional capacity as well as technological advances. The knowledge base for flood risk management indicates how technologies are advancing, while more attention must be paid to social and environmental concerns, as well as government measures to increase participation, awareness, and preparedness. Ultimately, integrated flood management will involve solutions tailored for individual situations, and implementation may be slow, such that perseverance and political commitment will be needed.

The Source-to-Sea Landscape: A hybrid integrative territory management approach

Whether fresh or salty, water is a unique resource, a continuum interlinked by the hydrological cycle. It forms a complex system connected to the landscape. When the landscape is altered, water flows and their benefits are impacted. Degraded land compromises water resources. The governance and management of landscape and water resources are handled in a fragmented manner and in separate contexts. The Source-to-Sea approach offers an integrative vision based on systems thinking that focuses its concerns on the interaction among parts, flows, and processes. It proposes a framework for the governance and management of freshwater and marine water but does not bring the landscape into the context of the approach. This research used an analytical-deductive method to explore the interactions and connections between the Source-to-sea approach, landscape concepts and approaches, and the guidelines of the European Landscape Convention. The main objective was to identify and assess the feasibility of integrating these elements. The integration resulted in a governance and management approach termed the S2S Landscape approach. It is grounded in systems thinking, practical learning, active participation, and adaptive governance and management, providing an integrated vision between landscape and water. The approach includes four essential steps (Comprehension, Involvement, Planning, and Execution and Monitoring) that address the complex connections that freshwater and marine water maintain in the landscape, considering physical, biological, socio-environmental, and economic aspects across all segments, from the land to the open sea. This S2S Landscape approach may be the path to address the challenges of governance and sustainable management of resources in an interconnected and constantly changing world.

Operationalizing a fisheries social-ecological system through a Bayesian belief network reveals hotspots for its adaptive capacity in the southern North sea

Fisheries social-ecological systems (SES) in the North Sea region confront multifaceted challenges stemming from environmental changes, offshore wind farm expansion, and marine protected area establishment. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of a Bayesian Belief Network (BN) approach in comprehensively capturing and assessing the intricate spatial dynamics within the German plaice-related fisheries SES. The BN integrates ecological, economic, and socio-cultural factors to generate high-resolution maps of profitability and adaptive capacity potential (ACP) as prospective management targets. Our analysis of future scenarios, delineating changes in spatial constraints, economics, and socio-cultural aspects, identifies factors that will exert significant influence on this fisheries SES in the near future. These include the loss of fishing grounds due to the installation of offshore wind farms and marine protected areas, as well as reduced plaice landings due to climate change. The identified ACP hotspots hold the potential to guide the development of localized management strategies and sustainable planning efforts by highlighting the consequences of management decisions. Our findings emphasize the need to consider detailed spatial dynamics of fisheries SES within marine spatial planning (MSP) and illustrate how this information may assist decision-makers and practitioners in area prioritization. We, therefore, propose adopting the concept of fisheries SES within broader integrated management approaches to foster sustainable development of inherently dynamic SES in a rapidly evolving marine environment.

Interplay of plant pathogens and host defenses: Unveiling the mechanisms and strategies for crop protection

Plant pathogens, encompassing a diverse array of microbes including fungi, nematodes, protozoa, bacteria, and viruses, represent a significant threat to agricultural stability by compromising plant health. These microorganisms engage in a complex battle against plant immune systems, leading to diseases that can drastically diminish crop yields, degrade product quality, and in extreme cases, cause total crop failure. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant infection, the specific pathogens involved, and the strategy for effective prevention is crucial for agricultural sustainability. This review paper provides a detailed examination of the multifaceted interactions between plant pathogens and their hosts, focusing on the entry mechanisms, symptom development, and prevention strategies against plant diseases. Major findings reveal the intricate ways pathogens interact with plant immune responses, the critical role of environmental factors in disease outbreaks, and the effectiveness of integrated disease management approaches. The paper concludes with a novel perspective, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable, science-based strategies to enhance plant resistance, safeguard food security, and mitigate the economic consequences of plant pathogenic diseases. This synthesis not only advances our understanding of plant pathology but also sets a framework for future research directions in plant disease management.

Strategies for managing fungicide resistance in the Brazilian tropical agroecosystem: Safeguarding food safety, health, and the environmental quality

AbstractFungicide resistance is an alarming challenge for the Brazilian tropical agricultural systems, with major implications for food safety, human and animal health, as well as for the environment. This review explores strategies to address fungicide resistance within the Brazilian agroecosystem context. We examined historical and current scenarios of fungicide resistance in the Brazilian agroecosystems and the approaches to delay the emergence and mitigate the selection of resistant variants. Our review indicates that the prevalence of resistance in field populations of key plant pathogens in Brazil was due to failures in the implementation of preventive measures. To address this issue, alternative evolutionary-smart strategies against fungicide resistance are proposed, emphasizing institutional actions and public policies. Crucial steps involve strengthening national networks for large-scale foliar and seed fungicide efficacy testing and resistance monitoring, as well as imposing tighter restrictions on the labeling of high-risk single-active formulations. Additionally, the integration of non-chemical disease management strategies and the establishment of a centralized database and information system on fungicide resistance in Brazil are identified as essential for effective resistance monitoring and informed decision-making. To enhance fungicide resistance management, the adoption of a warning system (e.g., based on aerobiology- or on weather-monitoring) for predicting disease epidemics and minimizing fungicide applications is recommended. Increased funding, collaboration, mandatory reporting, and capacity building are required to overcome these challenges. In addition, promoting integrated disease management approaches is vital. By implementing these tailored strategies, Brazil can actively contribute to safeguarding its food safety, protecting human and animal health, and preserving the delicate balance of its unique agroecosystem. The adoption of evolutionary-smart strategies against fungicide resistance will prolong fungicide efficacy, reduce economic costs, and minimize environmental impacts, ensuring sustainable and resilient agriculture in Brazil.

Integrated Management of Pathogens and Microbes in Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis) under Greenhouse Conditions

The increased cultivation of high THC-containing Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis), particularly in greenhouses, has resulted in a greater incidence of diseases and molds that can negatively affect the growth and quality of the crop. Among them, the most important diseases are root rots (Fusarium and Pythium spp.), bud rot (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces ambrosiae), cannabis stunt disease (caused by hop latent viroid), and a range of microbes that reduce post-harvest quality. An integrated management approach to reduce the impact of these diseases/microbes requires combining different approaches that target the reproduction, spread, and survival of the associated pathogens, many of which can occur on the same plant simultaneously. These approaches will be discussed in the context of developing an integrated plan to manage the important pathogens of greenhouse-grown cannabis at different stages of plant development. These stages include the maintenance of stock plants, propagation through cuttings, vegetative growth of plants, and flowering. The cultivation of cannabis genotypes with tolerance or resistance to various pathogens is a very important approach, as well as the maintenance of pathogen-free stock plants. When combined with cultural approaches (sanitation, management of irrigation, and monitoring for diseases) and environmental approaches (greenhouse climate modification), a significant reduction in pathogen development and spread can be achieved. The use of preventive applications of microbial biological control agents and reduced-risk biorational products can also reduce disease development at all stages of production in jurisdictions where they are registered for use. The combined use of promising strategies for integrated disease management in cannabis plants during greenhouse production will be reviewed. Future areas for research are identified.

Numerical Study of Consolidation of Slurry Tailings Considering Continuous Update of Material Properties

AbstractExplicitly modelling tailings consolidation behaviour contributes to improve integrated management approaches and accurately estimate the storage capacity of tailings storage facilities (TSFs) to better predict their static and dynamic stability. However, slurry tailings demonstrate a highly non-linear evolution of stiffness and hydraulic conductivity during consolidation, thus significantly complexifying the determination of their hydromechanical properties. In this study, an approach to update Mohr Coulomb parameters and simulate the continuous evolution of hydraulic conductivity and stiffness of tailings materials with the reduction of the void ratio was proposed and embedded in a finite difference code to more realistically simulate the evolution of material properties during sequential loadings. The model was validated using laboratory column tests and various predictive functions were tested to estimate hydraulic conductivity for field applications. Finally, the developed approach was applied to a simplified model of tailings impoundment to illustrate practical applications. Results from this study indicated that the approach developed was able to capture the non-linearity properties of tailings during consolidation, and that using continuously updated stiffness and hydraulic conductivity could induce significantly different magnitude and rate of consolidation than models with constant properties. Predictive models such as Kozeny–Carman and Kozeny–Carman Modified models also gave a satisfactory estimation of tailings behaviour, at least for preliminary studies. The simple modifications to the numerical codes proposed in this paper could therefore significantly improve the numerical simulation of tailings behaviour in the short term and contribute to a better planning of deposition plans.

Qualitative Exploration of Challenges and Management of Migraine among Pakistani Female University Students

A migraine is a health condition of recurrent headaches with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine attacks can last up to a few hours to several days. Although it is a physiological condition, it is reported to cause psychological problems such as mood disorders and social issues. This study aimed to gain insight into the experiences associated with migraines among female university students. Challenges associated with migraines at emotional, cognitive, social, and physical levels were explored. Migraine management mechanisms were also explored. A qualitative study was conducted where in-depth interviews were taken from 10 participants. The participants were approached through snowball sampling with inclusion criteria of being a female university student diagnosed with migraine for at least three months. The thematic analysis was conducted to analyze participants’ verbatims. Emotional challenges associated with migraines included feelings of anxiety, depression, and helplessness. The cognitive challenges were distressing thoughts about the future, thoughts about death, and orientation and attention issues. The social challenges included social isolation and maintaining good relationships. The physical challenges reported were related to sleep, appetite, fatigue, and hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. Further, most of the participants used avoidant/passive mechanisms for management and only a few participants used positive management mechanisms such as meditation. The study provides insight into the experiences of female university students living with migraine and highlights the need for integrated management approaches that address the physical, social, and psychological aspects of migraine.

Tourism and sustainable development: a bibliometric and complex systems methodology approach

ABSTRACT Tourism is a significant economic activity, but its complex relationships with the environment and natural resources raise concerns about sustainability. This study explores the interplay between natural, cultural, and social capital in sustainable tourism development systems (STDS) using a Complex Systems methodology, specifically Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD). The results demonstrate that tourism management and development can enhance sustainable development, but tourism's impact is mixed. Positive impacts include increased local economic development, cultural tourism, and protected areas. Negative impacts include increased environmental pollution, negative impact on indigenous culture, and a complex relationship with social capital. This systemic model contributes to formulating policies for sustainable economic development in tourist destinations. It highlights the need for integrated management approaches that balance economic, environmental, and social objectives.

A review of the biology, distribution, and management challenges posed by the invasive weed Ziziphus mauritianaL., with special reference to its invasion in Australia

AbstractZiziphus mauritiana is an economically detrimental and environmentally destructive plant in non‐native areas where it has escaped cultivation. It forms dense, impenetrable thickets that restrict the movement of livestock across the landscape and has the capacity to alter various ecological functions at the site of invasion, all of which contribute towards land degradation and the reduction of economic profitability. Although there are several management strategies implemented to control Z. mauritiana, it is clear that no single‐method approach will effectively control the species in the long‐term. Whilst chemical and mechanical methods appear to show promising results, they tend to be restricted to areas that are easily accessible and, even so, can be challenging and laborious to treat evenly across dense thicket areas. Several prospective biological control agents have been identified for Z. mauritiana, although further investigations are required to ascertain the host specificity, and to explore and identify their climatic and environmental suitability of host specific agents for release in non‐native regions. Ecological burning alone is not effective in controlling Z. mauritiana and will likely increase its emergence. As such, it could be adopted as part of an integrated management approach to assist other methods for long‐term control, but again the development of such an approach requires further investigation. To contribute towards the control of Z. mauritiana, this review explores its biology, distribution and management challenges whilst identifying areas of research that will assist in the long‐term and confident control of the species, with an emphasis on its invasion in Australia.

Prevalence of Knee OA and its Association with Low Back Pain

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition known to impact quality of life and daily functioning significantly. Previous studies have identified a potential association between knee OA and low back pain, but this relationship requires further exploration to understand its implications fully. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between knee OA and low back pain, specifically examining the impact of knee pain on quality of life, daily functioning, and the severity of low back pain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 377 OA patients aged between 45 to 75 years, selected via non-probability convenient sampling from various hospitals in Sialkot. Exclusion criteria included a history of knee surgery or recent trauma, mental retardation, or diabetes. Data were collected using the Oswestry Low Back Disability Index and the KOOS Urdu version. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, focusing on descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation for quantitative data, and the chi-square test for associations, with a significance threshold set at a p-value greater than 0.05. Results: The study found that the prevalence of knee OA varied by age group, with the highest prevalence (46.6%) in the 45-54 age group. Female participants predominated (75.9%). Severity levels of knee OA were classified as mild (32.6%), moderate (42.2%), and severe (21.8%). Significant correlations were observed between knee OA and low back pain, with correlation coefficients of 0.480 for pain effects on QOL, 0.441 for pain during SRF, 0.571 for pain during AODL, and 0.437 for the total score of pain. Conclusion: The study confirms a significant correlation between knee OA and low back pain, highlighting the need for integrated management approaches for patients suffering from these conditions. Addressing both knee and back pain concurrently could lead to better patient outcomes and improved quality of life.

Enhancing competitiveness in cocoa associations: An integral project management approach based on Porter’s Diamond Model

This study aims to structure guidelines for an intervention model from the perspective of Integral Project Management to improve the competitiveness level of cacao associations in south region of Colombia. The research followed a mixed-method approach with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and a descriptive scope. The study employed a stage-based analytical framework which included: identifying the factors influencing the competitiveness of the cacao sector; grouping these factors under the six primary determinants of competitiveness with reference to Porter’s Diamond Model; and proposing guidelines for an intervention model to enhance the competitiveness of the studied associations through project management. The first stage was conducted via literature review. The second stage involved primary data collected through surveys and interviews with the associations, members, and cacao sector experts in Huila. The third stage entailed grouping the factors within the main determinants that promote and limit the competitiveness of the cacao sector in the context of Porter’s Diamond Model. Based on the analysis of the corresponding restrictive and promoting factors, strategic recommendations were formulated for the various sector stakeholders on the measures that can be adopted to address restrictive factors and maintain promoting factors to enhance and sustain the sector's competitiveness.

Enhancing nutrient utilization in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) through integrated management approaches

Enhancing nutrient utilization in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) through integrated management approaches

Participatory approach and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) as resilience and revitalization strategies in watersheds

In the face of climate change, adopting participatory, integrative, and systemic management approaches capable of regulating hydrological, ecosystemic, and social interactions and redefining urban and rural planning, transitioning from the municipal scale to a micro and sub-basin approach, is crucial to ensure water security and resilience to extreme weather events. The revitalization of watersheds through adaptive management of natural resources, is fundamental because it allows for environmental recovery and conservation, the provision of ecosystem services and water resources for multiple uses. This work aimed to present proposals for the watershed of the Jaú River, São Paulo/BR. In 2022, the city of Jaú was hit by an unprecedented flood, which made it clear the mistakes made in urbanization, especially those related to the occupation of the floodplain by roads and buildings. Through a participatory methodology, with the support of the Tietê-Jacaré Watershed Committee and the involvement of municipalities, the productive sector, and civil society organizations, guidelines were defined to mitigate impacts and prevent new occurrences. Considering that the Jaú River is an important source of public water supply, providing water for more than 57 thousand people, the proposed actions are based on principles of nature-based solutions aiming to maintain the natural properties of riverbeds, maximize permeability, recover riparian forests along watercourses, and ensure appropriate land use and conservation practices..

Understanding the scope of Homoeopathy along with a multidisciplinary integrated approach for holistic management of epilepsy with co-morbidity in children: Case studies

Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder that affects the patient’s mental and physical development as well as their functioning, especially in children. It also presents with mental and/or physical co-morbidities/disabilities. This manuscript describes the importance of an individualised multidisciplinary integrated approach, including homoeopathy, for the holistic management of epileptic children through two illustrative cases. The team included homoeopaths, paediatricians, paediatric neurologists, physiotherapists, and psychologists in both cases. We aimed to demonstrate the scope of the homoeopathic individualised approach for managing epilepsy and its role in improving the quality of life of patients and caretakers. Both cases involved detailed case-taking, including homoeopathic and clinical perspectives. A multidisciplinary integrated approach enabled a comprehensive clinical diagnosis. An individualised approach was used to form a totality and perform repertorisation to select the most appropriate remedy and potency. Follow-up criteria enabled us to measure the progress. The homoeopathic individualised approach resulted in considerable relief in seizures and a reduction in allopathic medication available only in 1st case. and relief in seizures in both the cases. The functioning of the patient and their quality of life improved considerably in both cases as well. Homoeopathic individualised approach, along with the integrated system, helps in the relief/cure of epileptic episodes, enables a reduction in the use of antiepileptic drugs, and improves associated co-morbidities. Through this approach, holistic care is possible and improves the quality of life of the child and the parents.

Dilemma of School Management Teams in Balancing Discipline and Multiple Deprivations among Learners through Integrated Management Approach

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) has emphasized the paramount importance of ensuring the safety and protection of children globally. In alignment with this goal, the South African government took a proactive step by prohibiting corporal punishment as a means of disciplining learners within schools. However, this prohibition subsequently led to a resurgence of learner indiscipline within the educational system. The objective of this study was to delve into the experiences of School Management Teams (SMT) employing an integrated management approach to maintain discipline in an environment marked by multiple challenges. Through qualitative research methods involving interviews and document analysis, this study gathered insights from purposively selected participants, including teachers (2), SMT members who are also parents (2), and student leaders (4). Thematic analysis was conducted on the data and findings were categorized based on the emerging themes. The outcomes of this research shed light on several critical factors affecting discipline within schools. Firstly, the leniency exercised by teachers was identified as a significant factor undermining the enforcement of the school code of conduct. Secondly, overcrowded classrooms emerged as a substantial obstacle, making it arduous for teachers to offer individualized attention and promptly address behavioural issues. Lastly, inadequate support from the Department of Basic Education was recognized as a clear barrier to effectively upholding discipline in schools. In light of these findings, it is imperative to advocate for comprehensive training programs and adequate resource allocation for school management teams. These initiatives would equip SMTs to navigate the unique challenges associated with multiple deprivations and effectively manage disciplinary matters. Such investments are indispensable for fostering an environment conducive to effective education and overall growth of learners.

Biological and Chemical Management Strategy to Control Brown Spot Disease in Rice Caused by Bipolaris oryzae

The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of various fungicides in managing rice brown spot, a common fungal disease in India that can reduce crop yield and seed quality. During 2020-21 crop seasons, a research project was conducted in the experimental plot of the Department of Plant Pathology at the College of Agriculture in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Different treatments involving fungicide application at various rice growth stages were implemented. The results showed that all treatments involving fungicides significantly reduced the incidence of rice brown spot in-vitro condition and increased crop yield when compared to the control group. Among the fungicides, Difenoconazole 25% EC at a concentration of 200ppm proved to be highly effective in controlling the growth of the fungal mycelium. In in-vivo condition, the treatment involving T4, which includes seed treatment with the bio-control agent Trichoderma viride (10g/kg seeds), the application of Trichoderma viride (10g/l) at 15-20 days after transplanting, and the application of propiconazole (1g/l) at the booting exhibited the highest level of reduction in the incidence of brown spot disease, amounting to 13.6 per cent. The integrated management approach are very effective to control the brown spot disease in rice.

Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea isolate collected from gladiolus against selected fungicides, plant oils and botanicals in North India

Integrated disease management is the best and most environmentally friendly technique for managing of a plant disease. Among the nine fungicides tested in vitro against Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mould in Gladiolus, hexaconazole and a combination of iprodione+carbendazim exhibited complete inhibition of the mycelia growth at all the tested concentrations. In the evaluation of 15 different plant oils against B. cinerea, oils of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martini, Pelargonium graveolens, Cymbopogon sp., and Oreganum vulgare resulted in 100% mycelial growth inhibition of B. cinerea at all concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000 ppm. Aqueous extract of cloves of Allium sativum resulted best among the different botanicals and bioproducts tested in vitro with a maximum average mycelial growth inhibition of 57.39%, followed by the leaves of Azadirachta indica (45.47%) at 20, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. In integrated management of the grey mould of gladiolus under in vivo conditions, the combination of quintal + A. sativum + neem oil exhibited the maximum reduction in disease (94.40 %), followed by the combination of contaf + A.sativum + neem oil, which showed 93.19% disease reduction. The treatments viz., quintal +A.sativum + neem oil also resulted in the most superior treatment in enhancing growth and yield parameters of gladiolus with significantly improved plant height (70.34 cm), yield of corms (38.00), spike length (53.17 cm), number of florets (15.65), and number of flowers (32.67). These results indicate that the integrated management approach by using fungicides, botanicals and essential oils could be used for the control of grey mould diseases caused by Botrytis pathogens.

Adherence to an integrated care pathway for stroke is associated with lower risk of major cardiovascular events: A report from the Athens Stroke Registry

BackgroundA recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Council on Stroke position paper proposed a holistic integrated care management approach for stroke patients, to improve cardiovascular outcomes. The impact of implementing the ABCstroke pathway ‘concept’ on clinical outcomes has never been estimated before. In order to investigate the potential effect of ABCstroke pathway adherence to cardiovascular outcomes post stroke, we performed a post-hoc analysis from the Athens Stroke Registry. Methods and resultsThis analysis was performed in the Athens Stroke Registry, which includes all consecutive patients with acute first-ever ischemic stroke. The Kaplan–Meier product limit was used to estimate the cumulative hazard of each outcome according to adherence with the ABCstroke pathway.We studied 2513 patients [median (IQR) age 71 (62–78) years; 37.7 % female] with ischemic stroke with median follow-up period of 30 (6–75) months. Full adherence to the ABC pathway was identified in 156 (6.2 %) of the patients, while 192 (7.6 %) did not adhere to any of the therapeutic pillars of ABCstroke. Full adherence to ABC treatment pathway was associated with significant reduction of stroke recurrence, compared to patients with no or partial adherence (aHR: 0.61; 95 %CI: 0.37–0.99), as well as a lower risk of MACE (HR: 0.59; 0.39–0.88) and death (aHR: 0.22; 95 %CI: 0.12–0.41). ConclusionFull adherence to the ABCstroke pathway based on the current guidelines was evident in only 6.2 % of our ischaemic stroke cohort but was independently associated with lower risks of stroke recurrence, major cardiovascular events and mortality. This highlights a potential opportunity to improve clinical outcomes post-stroke with a holistic or integrated care management approach.

Comparative effectiveness of biorational pesticides for management of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink in Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are becoming major threats to the production of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) in India. Management mainly depends on chemical insecticides which cause a serious problem of pesticide residue and insecticide resistance. The use of biorational insecticides such as biopesticides, botanicals, insect growth regulators, and microbial insecticides is important components of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program for successful management. We evaluated the bio-efficacy of twelve biorational insecticides, including entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), using the leaf spray method in laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 % ± 5 % RH. The results revealed that the highest percent mortality was recorded by acetamiprid 20 % SP (100.00 %), followed by azadirachtin (98.27 %), Lecanicillium muscarium (2 × 109 spores/mL) (85.70 %) and Ocimum sanctum leaf extract (76.87 %) at 120 h after treatment (HAT) in P. solenopsis. In P. marginatus, 100.00 %, 96.39 % and 85.67 % and 74.90 % mortalities were achieved by acetamiprid 20 % SP, azadirachtin, L. muscarium (2 × 109 spores/mL) and O. sanctum leaf extract, respectively, at 120 HAT during the first spray. Various biorational insecticides showed a more or less similar trend of percent mortality in both species during the second spray. In both species, the lowest percent mortality was recorded by Andrographis paniculata leaf extract (46.29, 44.54) and (41.03, 46.39) at 120 Hours after treatment in the first and second spray, respectively. It was concluded that all the prescribed treatments are more effective than the control. Overall, azadirachtin recorded the highest percent mortality after acetamiprid and had the shortest LT50 (12.52 h) and (13.87 h) values in P. solenopsis and P. marginatus, respectively. Our study emphasizes that biopesticides like Azadirachtin 1 % EC (10000 ppm), L. muscarium (2 × 109 spores/mL) (5 mL/L) and O. sanctum leaf extract (5 %) may be recommended as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Botanicals and EPF would be the most effective approach for sustainable integrated management of P. solenopsis and P. marginatus in the G. sylvestre ecosystem.