Integrated Emergency Management Research Articles

Dempster–Shafer theory-based information fusion for natural disaster emergency management: A systematic literature review

The frequency and unpredictability of natural disasters pose serious challenges to emergency management in modern society. Effective emergency management requires not only rapid response, but also accurate assessment of the situation, rational allocation of resources and scientific decision-making. Dempster–Shafer theory (DST), as a powerful information fusion tool, has been widely used in natural disaster emergency management in recent years. This study sorted out the core related articles of DST in various directions in the field of natural disaster emergency management, and formed a systematic literature review. In order to support and guide the completion of this work, keywords were selected according to the rules of Systematic literature review (SLR) and the requirements of article content research to screen and determine the literatures. On this basis, relevant information of the selected literatures was analyzed, including authors, institutions, countries, keywords, etc. Then, according to the theoretical framework of integrated emergency management, fifteen structured research questions are put forward, involving various aspects of integrated emergency management system, and these questions are answered in detail. After that, it discussed the literature, and summarized the contribution and future development direction of DST based on information fusion in natural disaster emergency management. The final results show that in the field of natural disaster emergency management, DST plays various and important roles, among which one of the most important roles is the integration of decision-making evidence at various stages of disasters, so as to make better decisions. By combining with other methods, DST improves its limitations. And in the process to expand their scope of use. Then, it focuses on how to solve the extended theory, practical application dimension and related defects of DST in the field of natural disaster emergency management.

IMPLEMENTASI TERKAIT KESIAPAN PETUGAS PANTI TERHADAP SISTEM PENANGGULANGAN GAWAT DARURAT TERPADU (SPGDT) DI PANTI SOSIAL LANJUT USIA HARAPAN KITA PALEMBANG

Background: The Integrated Emergency Management System (SPGDT) is one of the health service innovations to handle emergency cases at the Harapan Kita Social Institution for the Elderly, Palembang. Residents of the orphanage still have complaints about the implementation of the SPGDT program, complaints are slow to handle, call center access is not easy to contact, the role of case management by the orphanage staff team is still slow. Purpose: to analyze the implementation related to the readiness of the nursing home staff regarding the integrated emergency response system (SPGDT). Methods: qualitative research with in-depth interviews and observation. There were 3 informants in the study consisting of the head of the orphanage, staff and employees at the Harapan Kita Palembang Social Home for the Elderly. The variables used to see the implementation of the readiness of the orphanage officers are communication, resources and infrastructure. The research was carried out for 3 months February-April 2023. Data analysis was processed according to the characteristics of content analysis, namely: data collection, data reduction, verification, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Research results: shows that the implementation related to the readiness of the orphanage staff has not gone as expected, efforts to increase knowledge and access have not been achieved, communication and coordination between teams have not been effective. Conclusion: the integrated emergency management system at Harapan Kita Social Institution Palembang is still not optimal and has not been supported by medical personnel and adequate infrastructure

Digital support for quality assurance in 24-hour caregiving at home: a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects on quality of life and professional skills of paid 24h-caregivers

BackgroundRegarding the care of older adults, 24-h home-care represents a cornerstone, with > 32,000 service users in Austria. Our research project 24hQuAALity aimed to develop and evaluate a distributed client-server software solution for the support and quality assurance of this home-care service. In this trial, we investigated the effects of this intervention on the quality of life and professional skills of paid 24h-caregivers in Austria.MethodsThe application used in our study comprises an e-learning platform, an integrated emergency management, networking opportunities, and an electronic care documentation system in the native language of the 24h-caregivers. The trial was conducted using a parallel three-arm study design to evaluate (i) a control group, which performed usual home care, (ii) a partial intervention group, which used the e-learning and networking platforms, and (iii) a full intervention group, which used the entire intervention (e-learning platform, networking platform, and digital care documentation). Primary self-reported outcomes were the standardized ASCOT for Carers score and a score based on responses to project-specific efficacy questions.ResultsAmong the 110 24h-caregivers who were randomly classified into the three groups, ASCOT for Carers score data were available for 57 and 35 24h-caregivers at 5- and 9-month follow-up examinations, respectively. At 9 months, 24h-caregivers receiving any intervention rated the ASCOT for Carers score (not significantly) better than the controls (p = 0.05, ηp2 = 0.15), mainly in the domain “feeling encouraged and supported”. At 9 months, 24h-caregivers receiving any intervention rated the project-specific Efficacy score significantly better than the controls (p = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.20), mainly due to better ratings in the subitems “satisfaction with current docu”, “docu supports doing my job”, “ I’m well prepared for emergencies”, “my professional skills are adequate for doing my job”, and “communication with contacts”.ConclusionsProviding e-learning and e-documentation devices to 24h-caregivers improved their care-related quality of life, mainly because they felt more encouraged and supported. Moreover, these interventions improved their self-perceived professional skills. As an extrapolation of findings, we found that these interventions could empower 24h-caregivers and improve the quality of home-care services provided by them.Trial registrationDigital Support for Quality Assurance in 24-h Caregiving at Home was registered and posted on the ClinicalTrials.gov public website (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04581538).

Integrated emergency management of ‘lifeline’ highway networks: lessons for interoperability

In 2021 the UK government published a review of lessons learned by the UK highways sector from extreme weather emergencies. As described in this paper, the review focused on the sector’s engagement with integrated emergency management and managing highways as critical ‘lifeline’ infrastructure. Focusing on robustness, reliability, redundancy, rapidity, resourcefulness and recovery, the review identified the need to develop consistent rapid impact assessment reporting, linked to regional- and national-level mutual aid contingencies. Underpinning this was the need to strengthen highway engineers’ ability to ‘prepare for their worst day, rather than their average day’.

Integrating “Top-Down” and “Community-Centric” Approaches for Community-Based Flood Early Warning Systems in Namibia

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) resolutely endorses the development of people-centred early warning systems. Moreover, several scientific studies have deprecated the vast technology-driven technocratic approaches to implementing these systems, contending the prioritisation of communities and their contextualised needs for systems that ensure effective risk protection and resilience building. However, both the UNDRR and the scientific literature have failed to define appropriate means of implementation (MoI) for community-based early warning system (CBEWS) development. Floods are a major hazard annually impacting several communities in rural sub-Saharan Africa, and though several opportunities for participatory systems have been identified, investment in developing countries is often lagging, and no defined mechanism for developing these systems exists. Adopting a modified Integrated Emergency Management Framework, this study demonstrates that an impact-based CBEWS can be established by leveraging existing resources, institutions and stakeholders, essentially merging last-mile and first-mile approaches. The study further reveals that directly linking technical capacities with community-based efforts allows communities to define system development parameters, strengthen risk knowledge and response, and build resilience for improved physical, economic and environmental protection, essentially bridging the gap between first and last-mile approaches. The study also highlights the need for governments to appropriately streamline DRR to improve coordination and communication.

The Effect Of Integrated Emergency Management System Education In Stroke Emergency Using Booklets On Community Knowledge

Background : Pre-hospital stroke management is a service provided at the time and during the first time the victim is found, during the transportation process until the patient arrives home Sick. Pre- hospital stroke treatment can be determinants of condition and treatment furthermore. Public must own knowledge in do action pre-hospital strokes. Efforts that can be made to increase public knowledge are wrong One way is to provide health education. Method: This type of research is analytic descriptive research by collecting data using a questionnaire, and data analysis Which done is analysis univariate And bivariate, participant in activity research This as many as 25 respondents, with the variable Integrated Emergency Management System Education On Emergency Strokes Use booklet To Knowledge Public. This research was conducted in the working area of the Tanjung Enim Public Health Center in April - May 2023, Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in anxiety between before and after the intervention on health education The Effect of Education System Countermeasures bad Emergency Integrated On Emergency Strokes Use booklet To Knowledge Public, Obtained mark p <0.05. Discussion : Research which includes interpretation and discussion of research results as described in the previous chapter. The explanation is based on research objectives and hypotheses, research limitations related to the process of implementing research on nursing services, nursing science and education as well as the objectives of research interests and the implications of research results for services and research in the nursing area

The Influence of Integrated Emergency Response System (SPGDT) Health Education on Pre-Health Services on Residents' Knowledge of Maternal Emergencies in the Work Area of the Plaju Health Center

Background: The Integrated Emergency Management System (SPGDT) is an emergency patient management system consisting of pre-hospital service elements, in-hospital and inter-hospital services. Quick response services to reduce the number of victims and avoid disability, by involving the community, competent health workers (nurses and medical personnel), emergency ambulance services and communication systems. Objective : To determine the effect of SPGDT health education on pre-health services on residents' knowledge of maternal emergencies. Methods : This research was a Quasi Experiment with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest non-control group design which was carried out in July 2023 in the working area of ​​​​the Plaju Palembang Health Center and a sample of 28 people were given health education about SPGDT in pre-health services to residents' knowledge about maternal emergencies. The media used was a booklet compiled by the researcher himself. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. Results: Health education statistics on prevention of pregnancy emergencies; Unsafe Abortion in Adolescents is effective in increasing respondents' knowledge with a value of 0.000. Conclusion : statistically health education is effective in increasing respondents' knowledge about SPGDT in Pre-Health Services Against Residents' Knowledge of Maternal Emergencies in the Work Area of ​​​​Plaju Palembang Health Center with a P value of 0.000. Suggestion : Suggestions for further research, namely that further research can be carried out discussing the effectiveness of health education to prevent pregnancy emergencies in pre-health services using other media.

Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Penggunaan Sistem Penanggulangan Gawat Darurat Terpadu

This study aims to determine the public knowledge level about using the Integrated Emergency Management System (SPGDT) in Surakarta City in general terms and by category. The research method used is quantitative research using a descriptive design. The results showed that 77 respondents needed more knowledge about the integrated emergency management system in Surakarta City; this could be due to the low level of response education, which affected their ability. Most respondents who know about the SPGDT are female, of productive age (20-53 years), with an undergraduate degree (S1). In conclusion, most people in Surakarta City need to learn about the importance and benefits of the Surakarta City Integrated Emergency Management System.
 
 Keywords: Call Center, Emergency, Knowledge, SPGDT

OPTIMALISASI STRATEGI PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA PADA GAWAT DARURAT PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA SUNGAI ALAT KECAMATAN ASTAMBUL

Emergency events can occur anytime and anywhere, and require immediate treatment, because they can be life threatening or cause permanent disability. Emergency events can be caused, among others, by traffic accidents, diseases, fires and natural disasters. One of the three main pillars of the Healthy Indonesia Program is strengthening health services, including strategies to increase access to health services, optimize the referral system and improve the quality of health services, where one way is through the Integrated Emergency Management System Purpose Emergency assistance is expected to reduce the complications of a disease. This service activity is in partnership with Sungai Alat Village, Astambul District. The form of emergency first aid that can be given to prevent complications due to trauma, bleeding and shock is to provide training in first aid methods for trauma, bleeding and shock. The activity began with socialization of activities, followed by strengthening of cadres, training in emergency first aid in cases of bleeding, trauma and shock. Based on these activities, it can be concluded that after conducting emergency first aid training, the majority of participants already know the definition, purpose, benefits, indications and contraindications and procedures for carrying out emergency first aid. In addition, the majority of participants also felt enthusiastic and interested in performing emergency first aid.

Perancangan Desain User Interface Mobile Apps Pada Sistem Penanggulangan Gawat Darurat Terpadu D.I.Y

Background : Emergency incidents that occur in Indonesia are increasing day by day, both emergency incidents due to traffic accidents and incidents due to disease. The Indonesian government issued PERMENKES number 19 of 2016 concerning the Integrated Emergency Management System, in the creation of the SPGDT it is expected to be able to handle emergency cases in an integrated manner so as to minimize cases of disability and death. The Yogyakarta Special Region Health Service is currently running well in the implementation of SPGDT, but currently, the SPGDT application does not have the Mobile-Apps feature, especially on the Tracking Ambulance menu. With the ambulance tracking menu, people can easily make ambulance calls based on emergency cases that occur and also people don't need to worry if they find an emergency incident but the ambulance doesn't come, with ambulance tracking people can also see the movement of an ambulance that is on "standby" or in the process of “evacuating” an emergency event. Methods: the method in this research is the action research method. This action research method was chosen because the stages of action research start from diagnosis, planning, action and evaluation. Results: the results of this study, at the stage of identifying needs based on user actors. At the planning stage, what data flows are designed , created and the features needed . At the action stage, it produces a user interface design with Figma . At the evaluation stage, the final prototype score was assessed based on the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire with the final score on the driver page prototype getting a final score of 62, while the prototype for paramedics got a final score of 71. And finally, the general public prototype got a final score of 69 Conclusions: The process of developing the design, planning and implementation of the mHealth application services requires the collaboration of various sectors, both from the user side from the health side. Feedback from various responses is the key to success to ensure the relevance and sustainability of the mHealth application services. Providing useful and easy-to-use and ensuring continuity of technical support can help smooth the process of using the mHealth application in day healthcare .

Policy Implementation of Mayor Regulation Number 21 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of an Integrated Public Safety Service Center in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia

Background: Public service is an important element in improving the quality of life in the community. The government plays an important role in providing public services, especially in the emergency department. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Padang mayor's regulation number 21 of 2020 regarding the implementation of an integrated safety service center in the city of Padang. Subjects and Method: This was a descriptive qualitative study. The study was conducted in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia, from April 18 to May 31, 2022. The primary data were obtained directly through interviews with selected informants. Results: The Policy Implications of the Padang Mayor's Regulation Number 21 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of an Integrated Safety Service Center (Public Safety Center) in the City of Padang is based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2016 concerning the Integrated Emergency Management System. In its implementation, the Padang City Health Office still relies on health workers at the Puskesmas because PSC 119 does not yet have its own special team or officers. The Padang City Health Office has not officially disseminated to the public and has not officially collaborated with external parties. Conclusion: The policy of Padang Mayor Regulation Number 21 of 2020 as a whole is the authority and responsibility of the Padang City Health Office. The Padang City Health Office has not officially disseminated to the public and has not officially collaborated with external parties. In its implementation, the Padang City Health Office still relies on health workers at the Puskesmas because PSC 119 does not yet have its own special team or officers. Keywords: Policy Implementation, PSC 119, Integrated Service Center. Correspondence: Viola Fathia Irwan. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: violairwan@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281270403409. Journal of Health Policy and Management, (2022), 07(02): 139-148 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2022.07.02.05.

The risk is in the detail: historical cartography and a hermeneutic analysis of historical floods in the city of Murcia

The study of historical floods is a growing research trend that has generated numerous methodologies that aim to convert the qualitative historical documentation into quantitative information. This codification process aims to make comparable in time and space the manner in which past societies adapted to floods, and so extract the positive or negative points that can help reduce vulnerability and increase the resilience of current societies. However, the diversity of cultural and historical contexts, as well as the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of documentary sources, makes it difficult to extrapolate quantitative methods in historical climatology. This situation means that interpretative analyses of texts are still necessary as a complement to quantitative studies. In this paper, we make a hermeneutic analysis of the three most catastrophic floods that have occurred in the city of Murcia (south-eastern Spain) in the last 400 years. We complete this analysis with a historical cartographic reconstruction of a quantitative nature. Among the main conclusions, we highlight the fact that the society of Murcia had strategies to overcome catastrophes that included the whole of society and an integrated emergency management. However, the state of poverty of privation prior to a flood is a determining factor in explaining the resilience of a social system. A large increase in exposure of flood-prone areas over the past two centuries is noteworthy but unsurprising. However, it is surprising that the percentage of urban area exposed to flooding is now smaller than in the past. Therefore, if we consider hazard avoidance as a form of management, we can say that pre-industrial Murcian society was less efficient in using the mechanisms available to adapt to flooding.

Digital Contact Tracing Based on a Graph Database Algorithm for Emergency Management During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Case Study.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 epidemic is still spreading globally. Contact tracing is a vital strategy in epidemic emergency management; however, traditional contact tracing faces many limitations in practice. The application of digital technology provides an opportunity for local governments to trace the contacts of individuals with COVID-19 more comprehensively, efficiently, and precisely.ObjectiveOur research aimed to provide new solutions to overcome the limitations of traditional contact tracing by introducing the organizational process, technical process, and main achievements of digital contact tracing in Hainan Province.MethodsA graph database algorithm, which can efficiently process complex relational networks, was applied in Hainan Province; this algorithm relies on a governmental big data platform to analyze multisource COVID-19 epidemic data and build networks of relationships among high-risk infected individuals, the general population, vehicles, and public places to identify and trace contacts. We summarized the organizational and technical process of digital contact tracing in Hainan Province based on interviews and data analyses.ResultsAn integrated emergency management command system and a multi-agency coordination mechanism were formed during the emergency management of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hainan Province. The collection, storage, analysis, and application of multisource epidemic data were realized based on the government’s big data platform using a centralized model. The graph database algorithm is compatible with this platform and can analyze multisource and heterogeneous big data related to the epidemic. These practices were used to quickly and accurately identify and trace 10,871 contacts among hundreds of thousands of epidemic data records; 378 closest contacts and a number of public places with high risk of infection were identified. A confirmed patient was found after quarantine measures were implemented by all contacts.ConclusionsDuring the emergency management of the COVID-19 epidemic, Hainan Province used a graph database algorithm to trace contacts in a centralized model, which can identify infected individuals and high-risk public places more quickly and accurately. This practice can provide support to government agencies to implement precise, agile, and evidence-based emergency management measures and improve the responsiveness of the public health emergency response system. Strengthening data security, improving tracing accuracy, enabling intelligent data collection, and improving data-sharing mechanisms and technologies are directions for optimizing digital contact tracing.

Analisis Sistem Penanggulangan Gawat Darurat Terpadu Melalui Implementasi Jember Safety Center Di Kabupaten Jember

Some incidence of emergency in Jember District tends to increase every year. The Jember Safety Center (JSC) is an alternative solution to problems carried out by the Jember District in dealing with the high number of emergency cases in Jember District. Based on the results of the preliminary survey, researchers find several aspects, tasks, and functions of the JSC that have problems in its implementation. These problems indicate the need for more in-depth research related to the input and process aspects of the implementation of the JSC in Jember District. This study aims to analyze an integrated emergency response system through the implementation of the Jember Safety Center in Jember District. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. The data analysis technique used the Miles & Huberman analysis model. They are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. This research is taken place at the location of the JSC call center, the Jember District Health Office, the Public Health Center in Jember District, the JSC user home, and the Soebandi Jember Hospital. The results of the study show that the need for human resources in organizing the Public Safety Center is guided by the Minister of Health Regulation Number 19 of 2016. However, the quality of human resources needs to be improved. The current budget given by the government is still focused on the physical budget and JSC equipment. Information and emergency calls from the community are still lacking, this is due to inadequate socialization, and not all services via the village ambulance are recorded through the JSC Call Center. It is necessary to improve the service management of JSC as the center for the Integrated Emergency Management System (SPGDT) in Jember District. Improvements are made by taking into account the input aspects consisting of Men, Money, Materials, Machines, and Methods in the Implementation of the Jember Safety Center in Jember District to improve services JSC to the community in Jember District Keywords: Jember Safety Center, Emergency, AKI and AKB

新冠疫情下区块链技术在国家应急管理体系中的应用* (The Application of Blockchain Technology in the National Emergency Management System under COVID-19)

Chinese Abstract: 近日，世卫组织警告称新冠疫情可能蔓延成为全球大流行病，多国陆续进入紧急状态，疫情严重的威胁着全球环境、财产和人民的生命安全。大型紧急事件的发生需要强有力的应急管理体系来支撑，这种体系的构建需要协调各类角色，整合各种数据和技术。新冠疫情蔓延的速度和广度对社会应急系统提出了更高的要求，特别是在透明度、公信力、效率与公平、信息共享与协同等方面，各国应急救助系统仍面临着巨大挑战。区块链技术因其去中心化和分布式治理等特性广为人知，本文通过研究区块链技术特征及其在应急管理灾难救助中的应用，提出一个系统的国家区块链综合应急管理系统建设方案，从而为解决疫情紧急状态下社会应急系统的建设提供新的思路方法和技术支撑。 English Abstract: Recently, WHO has warned that the epidemic of Novel Coronavirus may spread into global pandemic, and many countries have entered a state of emergency one after another. The epidemic seriously threatens the global environment, property and people's lives. The emergence of a large emergency requires a strong emergency management system to support it. The construction of such a system needs to coordinate various roles and integrate various data and technologies. The spread speed and breadth of the epidemic of Novel Coronavirus has put forward higher requirements on social emergency systems, especially in terms of transparency, credibility, efficiency and fairness, information sharing and collaboration, etc. Countries should still face huge challenges in the emergency management system. Blockchain technology is widely known for its decentralization and distributed governance characteristics. This paper proposes a systematic national blockchain integrated emergency management system by studying the technical characteristics of blockchain and its application in emergency management and disaster relief. Therefore, it provides new ideas and technical support for solving the construction of social emergency system in the emergency state of epidemic.

The EMIRATES Framework: Emergency Management Integrated Roadmap Aimed Towards Every Healthcare System A conceptual framework

Healthcare systems play a key role in the response to everything from day-to-day events to overwhelming disasters. There are common challenges worldwide which include the presence of multiple players, a lack of clarity with regard to the chain of command, the absence of important components to make the system work, and a lack of specialized training and education. Given these challenges, the ability to respond adequately requires an integrated emergency management system. Several countries may have different components of the emergency services but occasionally not well integrated. The Emergency Management Integrated Roadmap Aimed Toward Every healthcare System framework is a simplified conceptual framework to help the healthcare decision-makers in different systems to plan the approach to any day-to-day emergencies or disasters with a structured system that can be customized further according to their needs.

Companion Animals Welfare in Non-Epidemic Emergencies: The Case of Central Italy, Post-Earthquake 2016/2017

Abstract Among the several factors affecting animal welfare, non-epidemic emergencies are very stressful events. In the aftermath of earthquakes or during flooding, snowstorms and wildfires, companion animals are subject to injuries and deep stress, abandonment or loss resulting in the overcrowding of animal shelters, or in emergent free-roaming populations representing a potential public health threat to the affected communities. The loss of animals often also results in significant psychological trauma for their guardians. For these reasons in all phases of calamities, the care of companion animals becomes essential. This paper describes the activities that were carried out for the veterinary care of dogs and cats affected by the earthquakes that occurred in central Italy from August 2016 to January 2017. These disasters provided an opportunity to test an integrated emergency management system in which several actors participated to aid, assist and accommodate the companion animals, whether owned or strays, affected by the catastrophic events.

Emergent emergency response: Speed, event suppression and the chronopolitics of resilience

Emergency responses are premised on the hope that, even when events cannot be wholly predicted and prevented, timely action in the present can be exercised to strip an emergent event of its disruptive potential. Yet, while the speed of emergency responses plays a critical role in underpinning UK resilience, it has been a relatively neglected subject in studies of resilience advanced through the paradigm of preparedness. This article aims to contribute to and extend work in the field of emergency governance by arguing that concerns surrounding the speed of response contribute to a distinct form of security enacted in contemporary emergency response strategies, which I term ‘event suppression’. Drawing on policy analysis, preparedness exercise observations and practitioner interviews, this article investigates how speed operates as a core problematic informing the design of UK emergency responses, organized through the Integrated Emergency Management framework. Integrated Emergency Management promises to accelerate emergency response operations by utilizing advances in communications technologies to drive the bottom-up emergent self-organization of emergency responses. Event suppression ensures security not by preventing an event from happening, but by quickly closing down the ‘disruptive’ time of the emergency event and restoring the linear historical time of standard political processes.

Real-Time Chronological Hazard Impact Modeling

The potential of using ADvanced CIRCulation model (ADCIRC) to assess the time incremented progression of hazard impacts on individual critical facilities has long been recognized but is not well described. As ADCIRC is applied to create granular impact models, the lack of transparency in the methods is problematic. It becomes difficult to evaluate the entire system in situations where modeling integrates different types of data (e.g., hydrodynamic and existing geospatial point data) and involves multiple disciplines and stakeholders. When considering increased interest in combining hydrodynamic models, existing geospatial information, and advanced visualizations it is necessary to increase transparency and identify the pitfalls that arise out of this integration (e.g., the inadequacy of data to support the resolution of proposed outputs). This paper thus describes an all numerical method to accomplish this integration. It provides an overview of the generation of the hydrodynamic model, describes the all numerical method utilized to model hazard impacts, identifies pitfalls that arise from the integration of existing geospatial data with the hydrodynamic model, and describes an approach to developing a credible basis for determining impacts at a granular scale. The paper concludes by reflecting on the implementation of these methods as part of a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Integrated Emergency Management Training Course (IEMC) and identifies the need to further study the effects of integrated models and visualizations on risk perception.

영국의 재난관리체계 및 재난위험성 평가제도의 도입 및 적용에 관한 연구

영국은 2004년 국가재난관리법(Civil Contingencies Act 2004)을 통하여 “Emergency”라는 결과중심의 단일 재난개념을 확립하고 있으며, 이를 통하여 유형과 관계없이 다양한 위험에 대비/대응할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하고 있다. 역사적으로 볼 때는, 평시 재난관리체계와 민방위 체계가 서로 합쳐져 오늘날의 통합형 재난관리체계(Integrated Emergency Management)로 이어진 것이다. 영국의 재난관리체계는 지역단위에서의 대비 및 대응을 원칙으로 하고 있으며, 이를 위하여 각 대응기관 간의 상호협력과 정보공유를 강조하고 있다. 또한 지역사회 및 영국 전체에서 재난위험성을 진단하고 평가하는 제도, 즉 지역사회 위험목록(Community Risk Register) 및 국가위험목록(National Risk Register) 제도가 잘 구축되어 있으며, 그 평가결과 역시 국민들에게 공개되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 재난위험성 평가 제도를 비롯하여 영국 재난관리체계의 전체 특징 및 특히 최근 변화를 종합적으로 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 우리나라의 재난관리체계가 나갈 방향에 대한 정책적 함의를 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 ① (영국에서 기이 이루어진) 완전 통합형 재난관리체계의 도입 그리고 이에 따른 민방위 조직의 발전적 해체 및 단일 재난개념의 사용, ② 경찰을 비롯한 각 긴급대응기관 간 상호운용성(Inter-operability) 확보를 위한 법제도 개선, ③ (영국의 지역사회 위험목록 및 국가위험목록과 같은) 지역 및 국가단위의 재난위험성을 평가할 수 있는 제도의 도입이라는 세 가지 정책적 함의를 제시해보았다.