Integrated Crop Management Technology Research Articles

Evaluation of technological interventions on the productivity and profitability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) through frontline demonstrations in South Eastern Rajasthan

The study was conducted to examine the effects of frontline demonstrations on chickpea using scientific production technology for sustainable productivity and profitability on 40-hectare area covering 80 farmer’s fields in the Kota, Bundi and Baran districts of Rajasthan. The average yield of chickpea in the frontline demonstration plots (IP) using integrated crop management technology was 2219 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than the average yield of 1827 kg/ha in the farmers’ practices (FP). The average chickpea yield was found higher (18.88%) in demonstration plots over farmer practices, with the implementation of improved production technologies. During the three years of study (2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21), the technological index (17.21%), extension gap (392 kg/ha), and average technological gap (461 kg/ ha) were found out. During the years of the study, frontline demonstration plots had the highest average net profit and B:C ratio (INR. 77,357/ha and 3.38), compared to farmer practice (INR. 64,081/ha and 3.24). Economic studies over one or three years showed that adopting improved package generated higher profits than traditional farmers practice.

Local Narratives on the Adoption of Mango Integrated Crop Management Technologies in Samal Island, Philippines

Local Narratives on the Adoption of Mango Integrated Crop Management Technologies in Samal Island, Philippines

ANALYSIS OF THE ADOPTION LEVEL OF INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT FOR RICE COMMODITIES IN THE SESAYAP DISTRICT

Over the last three years, Paddy rice production in Tana Tidung Regency has been approximately 500-700 tons. This production is considered low, even when compared to rice production in other regencies located in North Kalimantan Province. One of the factors supporting high production is the crop management system used by farmers. This research aims to analyse the level of adoption of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) in the paddy rice commodity in the Sesayap District. ICM is an innovative approach in agriculture aimed at reducing the use of chemical pesticides and promoting sustainable pest and disease control. This study was conducted to understand the extent to which farmers in Sesayap District have adopted ICM technology in paddy rice cultivation and the factors influencing this adoption. The research method was a structured questionnaire survey from a sample of paddy rice farmers in the Sesayap District. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling method, with the criteria that they are part of farmer groups and actively cultivate paddy rice. The total number of respondents obtained was 57 individuals. The primary data collected were then described to illustrate the level of ICM adoption and the influencing factors. The results of this research indicate that the level of ICM adoption in the paddy rice commodity in Sesayap District is at 105, categorising it as moderate. Significant factors influencing the adoption level include farmers' level of education, knowledge about ICM, accessibility to information sources and training on ICM, the availability of institutional support, and farmers' perception of the benefits and effectiveness of ICM in increasing productivity and reducing production costs.

Farmers response to introducing of integrated crop management technology for lowland rice in Konawe district

One of the efforts to spur national rice production is through the application of location-specific technological innovations, which is believed to support the program to increase national rice production when applied by farmers as recommended. The study aims to determine the response of farmers to the components of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology for lowland rice. The study was carried out in April - August 2021, located in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Respondents were 25 farmers who were involved in the NEW SUPERIOR VARIETY paddy rice demonstration plot. The response of farmers to the observed lowland rice farming technology refers to the component of rice Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology, which consists of: perfect tillage, quality seeds, lowland rice new superior variety, planting methods, use of organic matter, fertilization, pest management and disease and timely harvest. Data were analyzed with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study of farmers’ responses to the ICM technology components obtained, the response rate of farmers was 88%, included in the high category. This means that 88% of the introduced ICM technology components are accepted by farmers. Partially, the level of response of farmers to the components of ICM technology are: perfect tillage (100%), quality/labeled seeds (100%), organic matter (100%), timely harvest (100%), fertilization (90%), pest and disease management (80%), lowland rice NEW SUPERIOR VARIETY (75%), tapin and atabela Jarwo (60%).

TINGKAT PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU (PTT) PADA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN BIBOKI MOENLEU KABUPATEN TTU

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">Integrated Crop Management is a major technology component and an adaptive option that can be adapted to local agroecological conditions. This study aims to determine the level of application of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology and the obstacles faced by farmers in the application of ICM technology. This research was conducted in August - September 2020, which was located in Oepuah Utara Village, Biboki Moenleu District, North Central Timor Regency, while the method used to see the success rate of ICM technology application was using scoring. The results of the research on the level of application of ICM technology are; low with a percentage of 55%. There are still obstacles to be faced (a) The technical application of the jajar legowo plant system with the jajar legowo 2:1 and 4:1 technique has not been able to be implemented by farmers because many use the jajar legowo 8:1 and 10:1 technique. (b) planting seeds 1 to 3 per clump cannot be carried out optimally because there are still attacks by the golden snail, so farmers are still doing a lot of planting. (c) fertilizing should be 3 times per planting season, farmers cannot do it because they do not use basic fertilizers. (d). pest control using chemical drugs because farmers do not observe pests and clean by hand.</span></em></p>

Changes in soil properties, productivity and profitability as influenced by the adoption of site-specific integrated crop management technology in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in Eastern Himalayan acidic Inceptisol

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a major spice crop in the North-Eastern Hill Region (NEHR) of India, plays a vital role in the economy of tribal farmers of this region who though practise its traditional farming. The predominance of acidic Inceptisol in NEHR further deteriorates the yield and quality of this crop fetching poor remuneration to the tribal growers. Optimal and balanced plant nutrition holds the key to realize sustainable and cogent crop yields with better quality. Hence, multi-location ‘on-farm’ experimentation on integrated crop management (ICM) technology in turmeric var. Mega Turmeric-1 were conducted in NEHR (India) during 2019 and 2020 to assess the impact on the changes in soil properties, turmeric rhizome productivity and farm profits compared to farmers’ practice (FP). The ICM technology significantly improved the available-NPK besides a substantial increase in the secondary nutrients (exchangeable Ca & Mg, and available-S) over FP. However, ICM had favourable nominal changes in the soil chemical properties (pH, EC, SOC, CEC, free Fe & Al oxides) compared to FP. On an average, the adoption of ICM satisfactorily augmented the yield attributes and turmeric rhizome yield (20.9 Mg ha−1) with a hike of ~27% over the FP besides a quantum gain in net returns to the tune of US $ 875 ha−1 over FP with an enhancement of ~34.4% compared to FP. Correlation analysis indicated that SOC, available-NPK, Ca, S and B exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with turmeric rhizome yield. Multivariate PCA exhibited that N, SOC and K were the most important soil properties attributing to the turmeric rhizome yield. Stepwise multiple regressions indicated that N, SOC and K contributed to the tune of 47.7%, 21.9% and 8.6%, respectively in augmenting the turmeric rhizome yield. Overall, the adoption of ICM technology is highly effective in improving the soil chemical properties, turmeric rhizome yield and economic returns as compared to farmers’ practice in an Eastern Himalayan acidic Inceptisol.

An Appraisal of Cluster Frontline Demonstrations on Mustard Crop in Sawaimadhopur District of Rajasthan

The study attempted to analyse the overall effectiveness of the Cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sawaimadhopur, from 2018–19 to 2021–22 using Integrated Crop Management technologies on mustard. A combination of experimental and before-after research designs was used, and 492 beneficiaries were selected for conducting the CFLDs. The obtained results from both the demonstrated and local check plots were compared, and the average yield of the improved mustard variety Giriraj from the demonstrated plots was significantly higher than that from the local check plots during these years. On average, extension and technology gaps were recorded as 4.82 q/ha and 5.99 q/ha, respectively. The average technology index was 21.79 per cent, and the lowest was noticed in the last season of the demonstrations, indicating the increased adaptability and efficiency of recommended technologies in field conditions. The average net returns and benefit-cost ratio from the demonstrated plots outperformed the local check plots in all four seasons. Overall, the CFLDs positively impacted the mustard growers of that particular area and motivated them to adopt the recommended practises for higher yield and profitability.

Kajian Karakter Agronomi dan Daya Hasil Beberapa Varietas Unggul Baru Padi di Provinsi Bali

A part from being famous for its tourism sector, Bali also has a special attraction in its agricultural sector, namely the subak system which has become a world cultural heritage. The sustainability of the Subak must be maintained, one of effort to create it is by maintaining the sustainability of land availability for food production through increasing the rice yields by using superior rice varieties that have the potential to increase farmers' income. Therefore, this study aims to examine the agronomic performance and yield of various superior rice varieties produced by Balitbangtan in the Bali Province. The study was carried out in the area of Bali Province namely Denpasar, Badung, Bangli, Buleleng, Gianyar, Karangasem and Jembrana in 2019 using Randomized Block Design consisting of various superior rice varieties treatments produced by Balitbangtan and cultivated by implementation the Integrated Crop Management technology on 0,5 ha land area in each area namely Towuti, Inpari-16, Inpari-20, Inpari-28, Inpari-43, Inpari-22, Inpari-32, Inpari-33 and the Cigeulis variety as a comparison and repeated five times. The results showed that all the superior rice varieties examined had great adaptability, growth and development were relatively as same as the Cigeulis variety. In addition, all superior rice varieties produced significantly greater yields than the Cigeulis variety therefore it could be considered as substitute for the use of the Cigeulis variety in Bali, especially the Inpari-28 variety which reached 8.24 t/ha, ± 3 t/ha higher than the Cigeulis variety.

ADOPSI PETANI TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU DI DESA JEMBAYAN TENGAH KECAMATAN LOA KULU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA (Farmers Adoption to Integrated Crop Management Technology in Jembayan Tengah Village Loa Kulu Subregency Kutai Kartanegara Regency)

Adoption of agricultural technology is one indicator of the success of extension activities. This study aimed to determine the level of adoption of wetland paddy farmers to Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology from technical and non-technical aspects. This research was conducted from October to December 2019, in Jembayan Tengah Village, Loa Kulu Subregency, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The sampling method used simple random sampling. The number of samples was 38 wetland paddy farmers. The data analysis was done by using descriptive method. The research results showed the level of adoption of wetland paddy farmers to ICM technology from the technical aspect in the high category with an average score of 120.29 and from the non-technical aspects in the high category with an average score of 58.47. In general, the adoption rate of wetland paddy farmers towards PPT technology is in the high category with an average score of 178.76.

Frontline demonstrations: Integrated crop management (ICM) in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) with an innovative approach of line sowing technology for higher yield at Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a good source of dietary protein to complement the cereal based diet, particularly for vegetarian masses in the country. It is a Rabi pulse crop which is highly productive and is grown for food, feed and vegetable. The changing climate has its influence on flower drop, poor pod setting and low yields due to insect pest and disease incidence In this regard of view ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonbhdra Uttar Pradesh conducted 180 frontline demonstrations (FLDs) in an area of 30 ha area in various farmers field of different villages of Sonbhdra district during the period from 2014-15 to 2017-18. The demonstration was conducted to enhance the yield of field pea through integrated crop management technology (ICM) along with line sowing of field pea with variety Jay KPMR 522. The new technique red gram transplanting with ICM yielded highest average highest yield of 23.27q/ha where as in farmer’s practices the average yield was to 11.16 q/ha which was 109.18 percent increase in the yield over farmer practices. The average technological gap, extension gap and technological index noticed were 1.73 q/ha, 12.11 q/ha and 6.92 percent respectively and recorded the average net profit of Rs. 80,863/- per ha under demonstration while it was Rs 38,769/- per ha under farmer practices. Benefit cost ratio was 5.01 under demonstration where as it was 2.91 under farmer practices.

The impact of Integrated Crop Management technical guidance of cayenne pepper crops to the farmer’s in Klungkung Regency, Bali

Cayenne pepper productivity in Bali Province tend to decline predicted caused by the traditionally cayenne pepper cultivation applied by farmers related. One of effort to optimize the cayenne pepper productivity is implementation of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology in cayenne pepper cultivation. ICM technology can be introduced to the farmers related by technical guidance method at early stage. The goal of its technical guidance method was to find out the changes of farmer’s knowledge and attitude to the ICM technology of cayenne pepper cultivation. Study was conducted in Klungkung Regency used primary data obtained by directly interview using questionnaire to the 30 farmers before and after participate in the ICM technical guidance for cayenne pepper crop cultivation. Collected data was analysed by non-parametric test using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Result indicated that the farmer’s knowledge significant changes to the ICM technology of cayenne pepper cultivation from not know to recognize through this technical guidance method. It was on the same line with the changes of farmer’s attitude namely from hesitate became agree to the ICM component technology of cayenne pepper cultivation. This significance changes of knowledge and attitude were found out in almost all of ICM component technology.

Integrated crop management technology for enhanced productivity, resource-use efficiency and soil health in legumes – A review

Under impeding production–and resource–vulnerabilities in India, our approach to agriculture needs to be redefined with inclination towards climate resilient integrated crop and resource management (ICRM) having low risk vulnerability, high factor productivity and sustained farm profitability with safe food and environmental quality. In above context, integrated crop management (ICM) practices hold great potential which take into account economic, social and environment sustainability. In irrigated agro-ecosystem of Indo-Gangetic Plains Region (IGPR), continuous cultivation of rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) with intensive input use has caused a serious threat to agricultural sustainability with numerous production constraints. In order to diversify the IGPR production systems, pulses and other legumes like soybean and pigeonpea etc. hold great promises. Thus, legume-based cropping systems coupled with ICM practices may bring overall sustainability in IGPR. As per FAO, ICM is a recent concept in agriculture. ICM practices are the integrated technology package of appropriate site-specific crop management, integrated nutrient management, crop residue recycling, tillage management, water management, crop diversification/legume intervention, varietal selection, crop protection, energy saving and post-harvest management. Overall, this review paper highlights sufficient research findings which establish the superiority of ICM practices; in addition, it invokes for further strengthening of this research area for improving agricultural productivity, resource use efficiency and soil health with special reference to legume crops.

The Role of Institution and Innovation Attributes in the Adoption of Integrated Crop Management Technology of Lowland Rice of West Bandung and Sumedang Districts

Studies on the role of institutions and innovation attributes in affecting the adoption of Integrated Plant Management Technology have been carried out in several subdistricts in West Bandung and Sumedang Districts, West Java Province. The objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the role of extension service institutions, farmer groups, and innovation attributes on the adoption of Integrated Plant Management, 2). analyze factors affecting the adoption of Integrated Plant Management, and 3) find strategies to increase the adoption of Integrated Plant Management. The study population was all group members who had participated in a program to increase rice-corn and soybean production (Pajale) with a total of 173 people in West Bandung District and 143 people in Sumedang District. A total of 124 people as sample were determined to follow the Slovin formula. Data and information were collected through interviews and direct observation to respondents using a closed questionnaire that has been tested for its validity and reliability. The results showed that the majority of respondents rated that; 1) the role of extension institutions, farmer groups, and innovation attributes were categorized as good; 2) extension institutions at the subdistrict level, farmer groups, and innovation attributes significantly affected (ά = 0.001) the adoption in both districts where R 2 = 0.962.

Study of adoption rate of corn integrated crop management in Southeast Sulawesi

Dissemination of corn Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology has been introduced to farmers, but its application is not widespread. The study aims to determine the level of adoption and socioeconomic factors that influence the opportunities for the application of corn ICM technology in Southeast Sulawesi. The study used a survey method with 90 respondents. Data analysis uses scoring techniques to determine the level of adoption of corn ICM, and logistic regression analysis to determine socioeconomic factors that influence farmers’ opportunities to adopt the technology. The results showed that the level of adoption of the technology component of corn ICM in Southeast Sulawesi was included in the moderate category with a value of 56.05%. The relatively high corn ICM technology components were adopted by farmers, namely harvest technology (84.4%), superior varieties (83.33%), and quality and labelled seed technology (66.67%). While the technology that is less adopted by farmers is embedding (26.67%) and use organic fertilizer (18.89) There are socio-economic factors that influence farmers ‘opportunities in implementing corn ICM technology, namely: age, farming experience, land area and farmers’ perceptions of the characteristics of the technology. This indicates that the socio-economic factors of farmers (age, experience of farming, land area) and farmers ‘perceptions of technology are very important in making farmers’ decisions to adopt corn ICM technology in Southeast Sulawesi.

Feasibility of New Superior Varieties in Sub-optimal Dry Land in Sarmi Regency, Papua

Analysis of soybean farming on dry land through the Integrated Crop Management (ICM) approach has been carried out by the team in Tetom Village, Bonggo District, Sarmi Regency. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of soybean farming and the benefits of applying ICM technology with a Dem-farm approach of 6 ha, compared to the way farmers around. The study conducted from May to September 2015. The method used is on-farm research. To find out the feasibility of soybean farming using the R / C ratio, B/C ratio, the result showed that the Dering 1 variety gave the highest yield of 2.52 t / ha, Anjasmoro 1.18 t / ha, Kaba 1.03 t/ha, Galunggung 0.90 t/ha, and the finest varieties are Burangrang 0.61 t / ha and Tanggamus 0.60 t/ha. Based on the results of financial analysis, the introduction of soybean varieties can benefit farmers; namely, the Dering 1 variety has a very high profit of Rp. 8,995,000 with R /C 2.29 and B/C 1.92, while the lowest profit is Rp. 715,000 with R/C 1.15 and B /C 0.15. Thus illustrating that the Dering 1 and Anjasmoro varieties provide higher returns than other varieties and are financially feasible to develop.

Persepsi Petani Dan Penerapan Teknologi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Di Desa Sukaresmi Kabupaten Bogor

Integrated crop management (ICM)) is an innovative approach seeking to improve farming productivity and maintains land use sustainability. This study aims to analyze farmers’ perception on ICM technology, factors influencing perception and the influence of farmers' perception on the level of ICM implementation. Data collection was done by using questionnaires and interviews with farmers. Path analysis was used in data analysis by Partial Least Square (PLS) program. The results showed that farmers have a good perception on ICM technology. Factor that significantly influencing perception was farmers' social interaction, reflected by the interaction of farmers and extension agents. The level of perception has a significant and direct effect on the application of ICM technology. The results of path analysis showed that farmers’ characteristics have a direct and significant influence on the technology implementation. Social interaction has an indirect influence through a level of farmers’ perceptions. Farmers' social interaction will awaken farmers' perception, and then the formed perception will influence the attitude of farmers to apply ICM technology.

Communication in agricultural extension services toward farmer empowerment

This research was conducted to find out the influence of agents on the results of empowerment of farmers, the effect of recipients on the results of the farmer empowerment, the effect of agricultural extension on the results of the farmer empowerment, and the influence of agents, recipients, and agricultural extension on the results of farmer empowerment. This research was carried out in May to July 2017. Quantitative descriptive method was applied by using primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained from interviews with 24 respondents who applied integrated crop management technology (PTT) on paddy fields. Technique of interview was guided with questionnaires while secondary data was taken from some literature work and relevant agencies. The results showed that: there is positive and significant influence between the agents and farmer empowerment, there is positive and significant influence between the recipients on the farmer empowerment, there is positive and significant influence between agricultural extension on the results of the farmer empowerment, and there is positive and significant influence between the agents, recipients, and agricultural extension on the results of farmer empowerment.

Modeling cereal farmers’ intended and actual adoption of integrated crop management (ICM) practices

Integrated crop management (ICM) is a crop production system which conserves or even strengthens natural resources, taking into account potential interactions between biology, environment, and land management systems. However, little is known about what drives adoption of ICM among farmers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the intention and behavior of cereal farmers towards ICM practices, exploiting the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and information from a survey of 216 cereal farmers in Pars-Abad County of Ardabil Province in northwestern Iran. Common variables of the TPB, like attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior were measured. On a scale from 1 to 5, the overall mean of farmers' behavior in applying ICM practices was 3.43, just above the average value of the scale (x = 3). The variable intention showed the highest mean score (3.62), indicating a relatively high subjective probability that farmers will adopt IPM practices, followed by perceived behavioral control (mean score 3.54), indicating a relatively high level of perceived ability of farmers to implement IPM practices. On the contrary, attitudes towards ICM showed the lowest mean score (3.20), indicating a rather neutral evaluation of ICM by farmers. Intention and perceived behavioral control accounted for 87% of the variability in farmers' behavior towards application of ICM. Subjective norms showed the greatest (direct and total) impact on farmers' intention to use ICM, while perceived behavioral control showed the greatest (direct and total) impact on farmers' behavior in ICM adoption. The study demonstrates for the first time the validity of the TPB in mapping farmers' behavior related to ICM adoption. In light of the main findings, promoting the adoption of ICM in the study area could be achieved by i) improving farmers' attitudes towards ICM technologies through demonstration farms and written material summarizing advantages of ICM, ii) promoting farmers’ subjective norms through group meetings with participation of those who experienced ICM and are trusted by farmers, and iii) promoting perceived behavioral control with training courses by ICM experts that can improve knowledge and skills of farmers to use ICM. • Farmers' intention and behavior towards ICM were analyzed with the theory of planned behavior (TPB). • The overall mean of farmers' behavior in applying ICM practices was 3.43, which was above average. • Intention showed the highest mean score, showing a high probability for adoption of IPM practices. • The study demonstrates the validity of the TPB in predicting farmers' behavior in ICM adoption.

Integrated crop management practices for enhancing productivity, profitability, production-efficiency and monetary-efficiency of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) in Indo-Gangetic plains region

It is concluded that CA-based integrated crop management (ICM) modules imbedded with zero-tillage and residue retention with proper combination of integrated nutrient, water and weed management practices as well as need based crop protection measures had higher crop productivity and profitability in pigeonpea over other conventional agriculture and organic agriculture-based ICM modules. Hence, the CA based module ICM7 as a complete ICM technology package [zero tillage–permanent raised bed + crop residue retention @ 3 t/ha + 100% RDF + (glyphosate-pre-plant followed by (fb) pendimethalinpre emergence fb imazethapyr-post emergence + 1 handweeding- mulch) + 2 irrigations + need based IPM/IDM] exhibited significantly higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency over other conventional agriculture and organic agriculture based ICM modules in pigeonpea under semi-arid Indo-Gangetic plains region.

FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI YANG MEMPENGARUHI ADOPSI PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU (PTT) JAGUNG DI GORONTALO

Integrated Crop Management (ICM) of maize has been disseminated since long time in all production centers in Indonesia, including Gorontalo. However, the application at the farmer level has not been optimal so that it has not yet expanded. This study aims to measure the adoption rate of the components of maize ICM technology, and to identify socio-economic factors that affect the application of maize by farmers in Gorontalo District. The study was conducted on lowland dryland agro ecosystem in Tibawa Subdistrict and highland dryland agro ecosystem in Bongomeme Subdistrict, Gorontalo District. Site selection was done purposively with the consideration that the district and sub-district were maize production centers, and had implemented various programs to increase maize production with the application of ICM from various government agencies. The survey was carried out in February-May 2015. The adoption rate of maize ICM component by respondents farmers used the weighting (score). Socio-economic factor analysis methods that influence the application of maize ICM using logistic regression model. The results showed that the accessibility of farmers to the supporting sources of farming such as capital (credit), market, and technology sources significantly affected the adoption of ICM technology. Steps that can be taken to improve farmers access to credit in formal financial institutions (banks) include providing flexible credit scheme, easy, not procedural, and not burdensome. Increased access of farmers to the source of technology can be done through increased frequency of extension, the implementation of technology dissemination that reaches more farmer groups and farmers.