Integrated Child Protection Research Articles

COVID-19 lockdowns and children's access to justice: An interrupted time series analysis of Moroccan court filings

Morocco's national lockdown was enforced between March 21st and June 10th 2020 in response to the spread of coronavirus. Restriction of civil space was not fully extended to the judiciary which had to transition to virtual sessions. To prepare for future pandemics and disasters, it is crucial to understand how well court systems across jurisdictions especially in low- and middle-income countries managed to function and protect children's access to justice under the constraints of stay-at-home orders. To investigate the effect of the national lockdown on children's access to justice in Morocco, this study employed interrupted time series analysis of publicly available court filings (N = 77,335) pertaining to child protection from January 1st to December 31st 2020 spanning the pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods. Results showed that lockdown measures hampered children's access to justice and is associated with statistically significant and substantial deceases in the number of cases heard by the courts across all filing types. The interrupted time series model estimates that average cases per week dropped by 199.5 for penal filings, 1180.3 for civil filings, 942.5 for complaint filings, and 358.1 for report fillings during the lockdown relative to the pre-lockdown period. While the percentage of cases with recorded delays mostly increased, the average case length decreased except for civil filings which saw a significant increase. The substantial susceptibility of civil cases to lockdowns might be precipitated by the need of individuals to petition the court for a hearing. Evidence suggests that the courts adjudicating child protection cases struggled to maintain operations during the national lockdown, and indicates the need for stronger disaster preparedness and an integrated child protection system to increase the judiciaries' resilience and children's access to justice in future emergency and disaster events.

Lived Experiences of Children in the Child Protection System in New Delhi

Ever since the ratification of the United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child in 1992, India has come a long way in drafting and re-drafting schemes, policies and laws to protect children from abuse, neglect and exploitation. While a lot of thought is put into drafting these legislations and policies, their implementation varies substantially across states, limiting the fulfilment of their objectives. The two prevalent schemes for children are the Integrated Child Development Scheme and the Integrated Child Protection Scheme. Substantial literature is available on the former, limited research and data are available on the latter. Most studies falling under this domain focus on analysing and criticising the legislations, but not on their impact. Children have always been considered as a sensitive and vulnerable group to work with and due to limited access to these sensitive spaces, scholars and researchers have been hesitant to record and document the voices and perspectives of children towards a scheme that focuses and works for their holistic development. Through this study, the researcher has tried to view the Child Protection System from the lived experiences of 10 children who are/have been part of the Child Protection System in Delhi.

Efforts to Protect the Law of Sexual Violence Cases Against Children Relate to Law Number 35 of 2014 Concerning Child Protection

The Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women and Children (P2TP2A) is expected to function as a community-based service institution. This community-based service acts as a crisis center unit by providing complaints, health, rehabilitation, social, counseling, legal assistance, repatriation, and social reintegration services (for trafficking victims). Sexual violence encompasses any action that diminishes, belittles, intimidates, or assaults an individual's body or reproductive capabilities, stemming from imbalanced power dynamics or gender inequalities. Such acts inflict psychological or physical harm, potentially disrupting reproductive health and impeding educational opportunities. Examples include rape and sexual abuse. This research focuses on examining legal protection efforts and identifying obstacles faced by P2TP2A (Integrated Service Center for Women and Children) in handling cases of sexual violence against children, utilizing an empirical juridical approach. The findings reveal that legal protection for children experiencing sexual violence is enshrined in Article 13 of Law Number 35 of 2014, which emphasizes the rights of children to be protected from various forms of harm, including discrimination, exploitation, neglect, cruelty, violence, abuse, and injustice. Supporting factors include the availability of financial assistance to fund P2TP2A activities, the dedication of officers and volunteers who prioritize the welfare of women and children, and the provision of office facilities by the government. However, there are inhibiting factors such as inadequate budget allocation, the unrealized Community-Free Integrated Child Protection Program (PATBN), insufficient human resources, the need for improvement in office facilities and infrastructure, and the lack of safe housing for victims who are still renting.

CHILD PROTECTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW AND THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN IN MEDAN CITY

<p align="justify">In particular, handling children's problems is included in the social rehabilitation sector which is under the Social Rehabilitation Section for Children and the Elderly Outside of Homes and/or Institutions, although it is also related to other sections within the Medan City Social Service. The importance of this study is to carry out integration between the concept of human rights in the global context and human rights in Islam. It still needs to be reduced to an integrated child protection concept, so that it can be implemented in the form of policies in the local context, especially in the field of social welfare. To derive these two concepts, a systems approach is needed that can explain the position and role of the CRC and Islamic law in child protection and the role of the Medan City Government, especially within the Medan City Social Service, in implementing existing policies. This research uses a qualitative approach to describe and analyze how Islamic law and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) view child protection from their respective perspectives and will then be analyzed as a whole. The role of the Medan City Social Service relating to the field of child protection is carried out through the duties of the Social Rehabilitation Sector, in point (g) that "Guidance, development and control of social service efforts in the field of social rehabilitation services for street children, abandoned children, delinquent children and service provision for neglected elderly people and social rehabilitation of delinquent children.</p>

Evaluation of the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Program in Soppeng Regency

Evaluation of the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Program in Soppeng Regency

Child protection and prevention of violence against them. The role of international and national organizations

National child protection systems are established to protect children against violence. They must be guided by child protection policies, as well as have reporting mechanisms to support the exchange of good practices in combating violence against children. To come up with legislative proposals to combat violence against children and to protect them. Society also has an important role, being educated to act in the promotion and protection of the rights of children under the age of 18, to support and encourage the respect and promotion of children’s rights. No less important is the development by strengthening the integrated child protection systems as effectively as possible, which will encourage all the relevant authorities and services for a better collaboration, in a system where the child is placed at the center of concerns. The rights of children in conflict with the law as perpetrators, victims or witnesses of crimes are not fully realized, and efforts to reintegrate them into a normal environment still require a lot of work.

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PERLINDUNGAN ANAK TERPADU BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (PATBM) DALAM PENANGANAN KASUS KEKERASAN TERHADAP ANAK DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT

This research discusses the analysis of the implementation of the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Program (PATBM) in handling cases of violence against children in West Sumbawa Regency. The aims of this research are; 1) To find out the implementation of the PATBM program in handling violence against children in West Sumbawa Regency. 2) To analyze community perceptions of the implementation of the PATBM program in handling cases of violence against children in West Sumbawa Regency. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach because researchers want to find facts related to the effectiveness of implementing PATBM in the context of monitoring and evaluation at the West Sumbawa Regency Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Control (DP2KBP3A) Population Control Service. The research informants involved were 25 respondents. These respondents were divided into two groups, namely: the first group, Head of Service, Head of Division, 2 Kasie, and 1 head of UPTD PPA West Sumbawa Regency with a total of 5 respondents, the second group, representing the community victims of violence in West Sumbawa Regency. The research results showed that the implementation of the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Program (PATBM) in West Sumbawa Regency reflects a very relevant approach in handling cases of violence against children. Community perception of the implementation of the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Program (PATBM) in handling violence against children in West Sumbawa Regency is very important in evaluating the effectiveness of this program. The implementation of the PATBM program in handling violence against children in West Sumbawa Regency has had a significant positive impact in protecting children from various forms of violence

Implementasi Strategi Dinas Keluarga Berencana Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dalam Pengembangan Gerakan Perlindungan Anak Terpadu Berbasis Masyarakat di Kabupaten Serang

The Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Movement is one of the programs owned by the Serang Regency DKBPPPA regarding efforts to prevent children from acts of violence. The PATBM movement is a movement created by the Indonesian Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection which is run by communities in the form of groups living at the village or sub-district level. The problems found in this research were cases of child violence in Serang Regency which were high in the last three years (2020-2022), the PATBM movement which only existed in 68 villages out of a total of 326 villages in Serang Regency, the absence of direct socialization from the Regency DKBPPPA Serang is related to the introduction of the PATBM Movement in the community, the lack of commitment from stakeholders regarding the PATBM Movement in Serang Regency, the implementation of the PATBM Movement and the budget which is carried out simultaneously with other programs. The theory used is Strategic Management theory in the Strategy Implementation dimension according to Wheelen and Hunger (2014:11) which has three indicators, namely program, budget and procedures using descriptive qualitative research methods. From this research it is known that the strategy carried out by the Serang Regency DKBPPPA in developing the PATBM Movement is quite good by collaborating with government and non-government institutions. The form of activities carried out is by forming, coaching, evaluating, and monitoring. Meanwhile, activities in the community are handed over to each village that has been formed. Then, regarding the uncertain and limited budget. This makes the Serang Regency DKBPPPA direct the use of village funds for implementing PATBM activities in the community. And for DKBPPPA procedures, Serang Regency follows guidelines from the center and does not have special procedures.

SINERGITAS PERAN KELUARGA DAN PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKALONGAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN TINDAK KEKERASAN PADA ANAK

Abstract
 This study aims to find out the synergy between the role of the family and the Pekalongan City government in preventing acts of violence against children in Pekalongan City. This research is a library research. This study uses a qualitative approach through descriptive analysis method based on the study of the literature obtained and then used as material for analysis. The results of this study indicate that the family has a very important role in preventing acts of violence against children. Good and proper family education will be able to produce children who have good character as well. Children who have good and strong character will be able to protect themselves from various acts of violence. In addition, the government of Pekalongan City has also made many breakthroughs in efforts to prevent acts of violence against children. These efforts include forming a Community-Based Integrated Child Protection (PATBM) team at the village and sub-district levels, forming the PUSPAGA ELPePar Community-Based Family Education Center (PPKBM PUSPAGA ELPePar) in collaboration with the Indonesian Psychological Association (HIMPSI) Branch of the Ex-Residency of Pekalongan which provides free psychological counseling services for parents, as well as a child goes to school forum which provides free consultation services for children. In addition, the Pekalongan city government has also carried out socialization on violence against children involving community leaders and the media. with the synergy between the family and the government of Pekalongan City in carrying out their respective roles optimally, acts of violence against children in Pekalongan City can be suppressed and prevented.
 Keywords: Pekalongan City Government, violence against children, Pekalongan LP-PAR

Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Policy during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Palangka Raya

Child Protection is all activities to ensure and protect the children and their rights to live, grow, develop and participate optimally by human dignity, and protect from violence and discrimination, including the most vulnerable groups of violence. The Covid-19 pandemic provides an excellent opportunity for violent behavior against children. Local governments are obliged to guarantee the implementation of prevention of violence against children and support the national policy on prevention, which is implemented through Community-Based Integrated Child Protection. Community-Based Integrated Child Protection is a government program that empowers the community to play a role in the program, thereby being accepted by the community. This article also examines the factors that cause violence against children during the Covid-19 in Palangka Raya and efforts to prevent it. Parents ‘unpreparedness to adapt to changes in routine during the pandemic, changes in children’s learning schemes, and family economic pressure due to the pandemic further exacerbates parents’ psychology. Meanwhile, parents’ knowledge in childcare is relatively minimal- thus, the child is in a position prone to violence. Prevention efforts can be started by strengthening the role and function of the family, then strengthening the role of schools in providing understanding to parents about the importance of educating children without violence, and strengthening the role of religious institutions and community institutions at the local level to provide education on child protection. In addition, family economic empowerment is also important.
 Keywords: Covid-19; parents’ knowledge; child protection

Strategies For Protection Of Violence Against Children Through The Aisyiyah Love of Children (Gaca) Movement In Aba Branch Kindergarten, Mamajang, Makassar

Children are the age group that needs guidance and teaching from adults. Furthermore, the growth and development of children must be protected from aspects of violence, especially "child predators", because children are a nation's asset towards progress and prosperity. This study aims to analyze the strategy for protecting violence against children through the Aisyiyah Cinta Anak (GACA) movement in Makassar City. This research is a qualitative research that aims to produce more powerful and in-depth data that can be obtained at the research location (field). This research was conducted in Mamajang District, Makassar. The results of the research are expected to find formulations of strategic concepts that can be implemented by Aisyiyah in protecting children from violence. The government provides the widest possible opportunity for the community to play a role in realizing child protection. The government continues to encourage the formation of community-based Integrated Child Protection in all regions, including Makassar City.

Rehabilitation of institutionalized children under integrated child protection scheme: A scoping review

Child care and protection have undergone considerable changes when seen from a historical perspective. This paper provides scoping review of thirty articles collected through various search engines. A critical evaluation of the systematic literature review has been done by analyzing published articles, reports, and chapters, to bring out the thematic conceptualization of the article. The objective of the paper is to bring out the post-release perspective of institutionalized children with regard to the integrated child protection scheme in India. Follow-ups of the rehabilitated children are a must and there is a need to elaborate on how to execute the post-follow-ups of children mentioned in the existing juvenile justice act and child protection schemes in India, so as to bring out a meaningful and constructive follow-up in sync with the best interest of the child.

On conducting a study among institutionalised adolescents in Kerala, India: legal and ethical challenges.

We report the dilemmas faced by the investigators while conducting a study on the social and environmental factors for protection of the mental health of adolescents placed under State protection in Kerala, India. The proposal received counsel and directives from the Integrated Child Protection Scheme authorities, under the Social Justice Department of Kerala state and the Institutional Ethics Committee of the host institution. The investigator faced and had to reconcile conflicting directives and antithetical field realities, with respect to seeking informed consent from the study participants. The physical act of adolescents signing the consent form, rather than the actual process of assent, received disproportionately more scrutiny. The authorities also questioned the privacy and confidentiality requirements raised by the researchers. Of the 248 eligible adolescents, 26 chose to dissent from participating in the study, demonstrating that choices would be made if they are offered. There is a need for more discourse on achieving steadfast adherence to the principles of informed consent, particularly in research on vulnerable groups such as institutionalised children.

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENANGGULANGAN KEKERASAN TERHADAP ANAK DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact, namely the number of children being victims of violence. Based on data from the Online Information System for the Protection of Women and Children, cases of violence against children in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic experienced a significant increase. The purpose of this study is to find out government policies in overcoming violence against children in the midst of the covid 19 pandemic. This type of research is an approach that is carried out by literature studies in scientific journals, books, documents, websites, and other sources. The results showed that the government through the ministry of women's empowerment and child protection (PPPA) issued several policies in the form of the Joint Movement to Take Care of Our Families, Optimizing the role of Community-Based Integrated Child Protection (PATBM) activists, Opening telephone service for women and children's friends (SAPA) 192, and Issuing Government Regulation (PP) Number 78 of 2021 concerning Special Protection for Children.

DYNAMICS OF COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE IN COMMUNITY-BASED INTEGRATED CHILDREN PROTECTION (PATBM) DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA

Child protection is basically the responsibility of all parties, especially children are the key to the future of a nation. Therefore, the government does not work alone but requires synergy with other parties such as the private sector, universities, mass media, and the community where the children live and work. The governance model that involves multi-stakeholders to make public decisions is known as collaborative governance. Collaborative governance is one of the new strategies of government that involves various stakeholders in a forum to make joint decisions that aim to solve problems that exist in society. One of the collaborative networks in child protection initiated by the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (Kemen PPPA) since 2016 is known as the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection (PATBM) movement. PATBM during the COVID-19 pandemic was part of efforts to fulfill children's rights, especially in terms of preventing and responding to cases of violence against children that occurred at PATBM locations

Child Friendly Village Program as an Effort to Prevent Crimes of Violence against Children in Temusai Village, Siak Regency

Kampung Temusai has been designated as a village worthy of children designated by the Bungaraya District. The formulation of the problem in this study is, what are the forms of child-friendly village programs as an effort to prevent child abuse in Temusai village and what are the factors that become obstacles in the implementation of the child-friendly village program and what are the efforts done in coming these obstacles. This research was conducted in Temusai Village. This type of research is sociological juridical with an emphasis on field research. The sociological juridical approach is carried out because the problems studied revolve around how the law applies in society. Judging from its nature, this research is descriptive, because it intends to describe the reality clearly and systematically. The Child Friendly Village Program that has been carried out in Temusai Village is the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Campaign (PATBM), Maghrib study Program, Collaboration and coordination with various parties in supporting the Child Friendly District Program (KRA). The factors that become obstacles in implementing the child-friendly village program in Temusai village are Lack of Professional Human Resources, Limited technical guidance, Limited budget in running existing programs, Lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure for the Child Friendly Village Program and Lack of awareness community in supporting the Child Friendly Village program. Efforts made to overcome obstacles in the implementation is Coordinating with the local government regarding the budget which is still very minimal,

Institutional Mechanisms for the Rights and Protection of the Child in Albania, Their Practical Operation

For the functioning of the integrated child protection system, it is necessary to establish structures and make them operational responsible for policy making and their implementation on the issues affecting the rights and protection of the child. Receiving the recommendation to open accession negotiations for Albania's membership in the European Union places the institutions responsible for the approximation of legislation with responsibility. The new legal framework for the rights and protection of the child is designed in the spirit of the European Union by creating institutional mechanisms. This article will describe the functionality of these mechanisms in practice by highlighting field problems and concrete data on cases of children in need of protect.

Alternative Care Mechanisms in Jharkhand: Analysing the Implementation Barriers; Its Potential to Prevent Family Separation and Strengthening Family-based Care of Vulnerable Children in Jharkhand

The required operational framework of a community-based care mechanism as envisaged under the Revised Integrated Child Protection Scheme and the National Plan of Action for Children 2016, fails to both prevent and effectively respond to the vulnerabilities of children in need of care and protection. Resonance of such unplanned community programming shifts the focus towards institutionalisation of children, thus grossly violating ‘institutionalization as a measure of last resort’, one of the fundamental principles governing the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015. The act critically justifies the need to empower vulnerable families to care for children and re-emphasises the preventive role in ensuring family-based care or keep children in alternative care setting. The alternative care (sponsorship and foster care) guidelines in Jharkhand was launched in 2018. Since then, it has been found that the state is struggling to implement it. Though there has been some progress in the sponsorship scheme implementation, the kinship and foster care remains completely neglected. Child in Need Institute (CINI) is partnering with Hope & Homes for Children (HHC) since 2017 for pushing the agenda for deinstitutionalisation of children through a two-pronged approach of model creation and district-level technical support to the ICPS system. Working closely with communities in preventing family separation, led to the understanding that there is a huge need to address the structural gaps for implementing the alternative care guidelines in true spirit. The purpose of the article is to do a systematic analysis of the implementation of the alternative care guidelines in the state and map out the implementation bottlenecks/barriers (systemic, structural and operational), hindering its smooth implementation. Besides that, the article will also try to establish a causal linkage between implementation of alternative care guidelines and dependency on institutional care, thus reflecting the potential of such mechanisms in promoting deinstitutionalisation. The research methodology will be a mix of qualitative and quantitative tools. Tools like content analysis of the key informants’ interviews and case studies will be used to understand the implementation barriers. A quantitative analysis of the secondary data on sponsorship scheme implementation will be done to analyse the gaps. Besides that, the experiences of children and their parents who have been linked with alternative care will also be analysed. District stakeholder consultations in 2 districts will be done to enlist the recommendations for the state. Thus, the key research question that would guide this article are: (a) What are the barriers to implementation of the alternative care program in its current form? and (b) What are the changes that should be made in the guidelines and its implementation process? The article will thus be an advocacy tool for influencing the state government for enhanced priority and investments in alternative care program and reduced focus on institutional care.

Family Support and the Media in Ireland: Newspaper Content Analysis 2014–2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to inform a critical analysis of how the media portray family support in Ireland. Findings of a content analysis carried out on national and regional Irish newspapers between 2014 and 2017 are presented which describe communication about family support services provided by Tusla—Child and Family Agency. Results show that even though child protection was not used as a specific search term, news items on the Child and Family Agency and family support were usually focused on child protection and children in care. Results also show that family support activities are reported more positively in local papers compared to national papers. In the discussion, we argue that these findings are important as the media plays an important role in how the public understand, view, and engage with integrated child protection and welfare systems. We consider the implications of the research and advocate working with the media to inform their interpretation and understanding of family support. We suggest this is important as the manner in which the media communicate and frame family support as part of the overall child protection and welfare system is one of the main influences on public understandings and awareness of preventative family support and child welfare services.

Modernisation of Childcare Workforce in India: A Way to Deinstitutionalisation

The enactment of new legislations and policies and establishment of proper implementation agencies are considered the fundamental elements of modernisation. Likewise, in India, the child welfare sector is witnessing a paradigm shift after the implementation of juvenile justice acts and the establishment of Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS). The policy documents suggest that institutionalisation of a child must be the last resort; hence, the ideal situation is deinstitutionalising children from institutions to other care facilities. Childcare staff have to intervene effectively with the stakeholders to find out a more suitable option than institutionalisation. This process demands professionals with proper skills and a scientific understanding of the multifaceted issues of vulnerable children. The process would yield the desired benefits only under this circumstance. Thus, the role of childcare staff is crucial in the deinstitutionalisation process. In this study on childcare staff in children’s homes of Kasaragod district of Kerala, the researcher adopted a descriptive design and selected all registered children’s homes for the study purpose. The data was collected from childcare staff through an interview schedule and Kuppuswami’s socio-economic scale. The major finding of the study is that the childcare staff in these institutions are not meeting the prescribed standards envisioned by the government. This under-skilled and non-professional workforce needs a transformation to achieve the desired output.