Integrated Behavior Model Research Articles

Beliefs underlying weight control behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults living with obesity: an elicitation qualitative study.

Weight control behaviors are commonly observed among adolescents and emerging adults. However, the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in both these age groups remains an imperative health concern. Adolescents and emerging adults represent the most vulnerable groups facing the health burden of obesity. This study was designed to articulate the underlying beliefs concerning weight control behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults living with obesity by an elicitation qualitative study based on the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Semi-structured and individual interviewing was utilized. Eligible participants were recruited during September and November 2020. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a hybrid inductive and deductive content analysis approach. Twenty-seven participants, comprising 12 adolescents and 15 emerging adults living with obesity, were interviewed to explore their beliefs and strategies regarding weight control behaviors. Emerging adults were more likely to engage in extreme weight control methods. Three overarching themes emerged across both age groups: eating-centered concerns, focus on physical appearance, and social interference. Significant differences were noted while adolescents and emerging adults shared some common beliefs. Emerging adults expressed more economic concerns about weight control, whereas adolescents identified food restriction as the primary barrier to their weight management efforts. These findings highlight the nuanced differences in beliefs about the weight control practice of these two developmental groups. More beliefs-tailored and theoretically driven interventions are needed for these two unique age groups. Healthcare providers should address dietary and economic concerns while engaging adolescents and emerging adults in weight management. Future obesity interventions should incorporate shared and unique beliefs identified in each group to promote healthy weight management effectively.

Key factors for inappropriate supplement intake in risk-taking users: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods pilot study in Japan.

This study identified the control factors of inappropriate supplement intake to support public agencies in preventing health problems. We used an exploratory sequential mixed-method design with the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Control factors in the IBM were identified with 95 participants. The highest impact behavioral change was established for the following two out of 19 control factors: "I trust others' blogs as a source of information when they post the bad as well as the good" (r = -0.324, p < 0.001) and "I can control any health problems by adjusting the amount and frequency of my supplement intake" (r = -0.308, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that when providing safety information on supplement use, it is important to: (1) disseminate information to online communities of supplement users who share knowledge based on real experiences and (2) effectively demonstrate the risks associated with continued supplementation.

The Undergraduate Engineering Mental Health Help‐Seeking Instrument (UE‐MH‐HSI): Development and validity evidence

AbstractBackgroundUndergraduate engineering students experiencing distress are less likely than peers to ask for professional help. A population‐specific instrument to facilitate the identification of factors that influence mental healthcare utilization could guide development and testing of interventions to increase help seeking.PurposeWe used mixed methods guided by the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) to develop and evaluate the Undergraduate Engineering Mental Health Help‐Seeking Instrument (UE‐MH‐HSI).MethodFirst, we adapted existing measures of mental health help‐seeking intention and mechanisms (i.e., attitudes, perceived norm: injunctive, perceived norm: descriptive, personal agency: autonomy, personal agency: capacity). Second, we coded qualitative interviews (N = 33) to create population‐specific mental health help‐seeking belief measures (i.e., outcome beliefs, experiential beliefs, beliefs about others' expectations, beliefs about others' behavior, beliefs about barriers and facilitators). Third, we tested the psychometric properties using data from 596 undergraduate engineering students at a historically White, research‐focused institution in southern United States.ResultsPsychometric analyses indicated that (1) help‐seeking mechanism and intention measures demonstrated unidimensionality, internal consistency, construct replicability, and sufficient variability; (2) mechanism measures demonstrated criterion evidence of validity; and (3) most items within the belief measures demonstrated sufficient variability and convergent evidence of validity.ConclusionsThe UE‐MH‐HSI is an evidence‐based tool for investigating mental health help‐seeking factors and their relationship to help‐seeking behavior, well‐being, academic success, and engineering identity formation. Guidelines for use are provided.

The impact of immersive and flow experiences on consumer participation in hyper‐connected shopping platforms: A metaverse perspective

AbstractConsumers find it increasingly compelling to immerse themselves in the metaverse, a trend that will likely continue. Although the metaverse has retailing potential, understanding empirically its effects on consumer behavior is still underexplored. Our study investigating consumer interactions in this hyper‐connected shopping environment uses scenario‐based data from 262 consumers and a multimethod quantitative approach to examine the integrative behavioral model, revealing consumer perceptions of metaverse affordances, their impact on self‐efficacy, and the role of trust, immersion, and flow experiences in participation in metaverse shopping platforms. Perceived enjoyment emerges as a critical driver of consumer participation. This study provides convincing empirical evidence of the drivers specific to consumer metaverse experiences, going beyond the current understanding of consumer behavior in the metaverse shopping context, mainly at the conceptual level. The findings provide actionable insights for metaverse practitioners to enhance consumer engagement.

Understanding school staff responses to LGBTQ+ discrimination in UK secondary schools

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) pupils report that school staff do not intervene when they are witnessing discrimination and more than half of pupils did not feel they had someone to talk to about their identity or discrimination. This study explores the responses of secondary school staff to LGBTQ+ discrimination in schools in the UK. An online Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) questionnaire was developed using an elicitation study, and subsequently completed by 119 participants. The model predicted 37% of the variance in intention to intervene and 32% of the variance in the extent to which school staff report intervening in LGBTQ+ discrimination. Experiential attitudes, perceived control and self-efficacy were significant predictors of intention to intervene in LGBTQ+ discrimination. This provides support for the utility of the model. The implications of the study are explored.

Psychological processes and alcohol reduction in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Results from the HepART trial.

There is a lack of randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions and process-level research related to alcohol reduction among patients with chronic liver disease (e.g., hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection). We conducted a process-level, secondary analysis of the Hepatitis C-Alcohol Reduction Treatment (HepART) trial to investigate the association between change in psychological processes posited by the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) and change in World Health Organization (WHO) drinking risk levels. Patients with HCV who consume alcohol were recruited from hepatology clinics and received provider-delivered SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment) or SBIRT+ 6 months of co-located alcohol counseling. Treatment arms were combined for this analysis because no between-group differences were found. At baseline and 6 months, the timeline followback method was used to determine alcohol risk levels according to the 2000 WHO risk categories (based on average grams of alcohol per day). Changes in alcohol consumption and WHO risk levels were quantified and regressed on change in individual psychological processes (e.g., readiness, self-efficacy, motives, attitudes, and strategies) from baseline to 6 months. At the baseline assessment, 162 participants were classified as abstinent (5%), low (47%), moderate (16%), high (19%), or very high (13%) WHO risk levels. At 6 months, 38% remained at the same risk level and 48% decreased by at least one level. In univariate analyses, changes in 7 of 12 psychological processes were associated with change in risk levels. Adjusted multivariate analyses demonstrated that change in four processes were significantly associated with change in risk levels, including SOCRATES Taking Steps, Ambivalence, and Recognition scores and alcohol reduction strategies. These findings demonstrate significant reductions in quantitative indices of alcohol consumption following opportunistic alcohol interventions in patients with HCV. However, results provided mixed support for associations between change in IBM psychological processes and alcohol consumption.

Development and Validation of the Physical Distancing Behavior Scale: A Study Based on the Integrated Behavior Model

This paper aims to develop a comprehensive scale within the framework of the Integrated Behavior Model (IBM), which is recommended for the protection of public health during the Covid-19 pandemic period and is the leading physical distancing behavior among health behaviors. Within the scope of the study, an item pool consisting of a total of 109 items was created and the first item analysis was performed in the pilot sample (N= 100). At the end of the pilot study, Physical Distancing Behavior Scale (PDBS) was developed, comprising a total of 39 items. This scale consisted of instrumental attitude, experiential attitude, subjective norms, perceived control, self-efficacy, environmental constraints, knowledge habit, intention, and behavior structures. Af-terwards, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was applied to 322 participants (age: 36.48) resulting in 21 items and five structures including instrumental attitude, experiential attitude, perceived control, self-efficacy, and knowledge. After factor structures according to EFA had been formed, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted on 472 participants (age: 36,99). The CFA results confirmed 4 constructs consisting of 19 items which are instrumental attitude, experiential attitude, perceived control, and self-efficacy (RMSEA=0.057, GFI=0.93, CFI=0.94, NFI=0.90, X2/df=2.51), Cronbach’s alpha scores of all sub-scales varied between 0.68-0.85. The results revealed that physical distancing behavior has been evaluated through the instrumental attitude, experi-ential attitude, perceived control, and self-efficacy constructs of IBM. In future studies, the scale may also need to be tested with different model studies. As regards the modeling studies that used this scale, examining diffe-rent samples could guide community-based intervention programs.

“Exercising like my sporty idol”: sporty prototype perceptions associated with adolescents’ physical activity in an integrative behavioral prediction model

“Exercising like my sporty idol”: sporty prototype perceptions associated with adolescents’ physical activity in an integrative behavioral prediction model

A Literature Review: Applying Behavioral Change Theory to Promote Sedentary Behavior Reduction and Physical Activity Among Truck Drivers

Sedentary behavior has become a major cause of several diseases. Commercial drivers are at risk of high levels of sedentary behavior, especially truck drivers. Working conditions are an important barrier to healthy behaviors. The total sitting time for truck drivers might be higher than for other occupations. Limited evidence exists of the total sitting time for truck drivers. Therefore, interventions to reduce sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity are needed among truck drivers. The objectives of this article are 1) to review the theory-guided intervention in truck drivers and 2) to describe and provide an example of intervention using an integrated behavior model for reducing sedentary behaviors and increasing physical activity. The review found diverse interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior and promoting physical activity across age groups (children, adolescents, adults, or older adults) and settings (community, hospital, or worksite), addressing various health conditions. Delivery methods, including face-to-face and online approaches, vary. These interventions typically incorporate multiple components such as health education, self-monitoring, behavioral targets, or goal-setting. The principal guiding theories are social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model. The integrated behavior model can serve as a guiding framework for interventions targeted at truck drivers, and the results may be utilized for other commercial drivers.

Identifying the Factors that Influence the Use of Care Coordination in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening

Coordination of the necessary efforts of medical personnel, caregivers, and social networks to support a patient with a chronic health condition increases time consumption and costs. According to a CDC study from 2023, six out of ten Americans suffer from chronic illnesses, including diabetes, which can lead to other medical complications like diabetic retinopathy (DR). Care coordination programs are one of the systems currently in use to assist in the management of patient’s healthcare and the network of individuals involved in their treatment plans. Compared to institutions that utilize fewer care coordination systems, those that use these programs consistently have much higher patient attendance rates. Therefore, it is important that to improve the current systems we comprehend the user experience with care coordination. To study the barriers and motivations underlying participation in care coordination programs among diabetes patients, we created an interview utilizing the Integrated Behavior Model (IBM). The findings from our interviews will contribute to the body of existing literature by identifying barriers and motivators that must be taken into consideration when designing DR screening system aids.

Describing the decision process of post-operative opioid and pain prescribing patterns in orthopedic and general surgeons.

To describe the post-operative opioid prescribing behaviors of orthopedic and general surgeons through the use of the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM), and subsequently the steps and logic used by providers in determining post-operative pain prescriptions. This study was a prospective, cross-sectional, cohort study utilizing qualitative methods consisting of semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to categorize and identify themes to describe prescriber behavior. All participants were from a regional health system in central Appalachia. Mixed population of orthopedic and general surgeons who completed residency training and performed nontraumatic procedures. Categorization and identification of themes within the constructs of the IBM that described surgeon opioid prescribing. Fifteen surgeons participated in this study. Themes were identified within the context of the IBM. Attitudes by surgeons consisted of blame toward the government, a lack of personal screening of patients, and a theme of the abusing population of patients only being a small group. Norms were identified that included prescribing based on a standard prescribing set, realization of patient fear, and the idea of past mentality. Surgeons believed in their ability to prescribe responsibly and conservatively. The prescribing patterns of surgeons and their keenness to assess patients for opioid abuse vary. Most surgeons did not actively participate in screening activities but rely on ancillary staff. Surgeons utilize federal and state laws to back prescribing patterns and thwart patient attempts for additional medications. Prescribers maintain a sense of self-confidence with their own knowledge and ability to taper and keep patients from becoming reliant on opioid prescribing.

Pengaruh self-efficacy terhadap perilaku komunikasi seksual orang tua-remaja yang dimediasi oleh niat

Adolescence is a time when individuals begin to explore and experiment with sex. Parents play an important role in directing and providing support to adolescents regarding sexuality so that adolescents do not fall into unwanted things. Integrated Behavior Model (IBM) theory is a theory that suppresses individual behavior change determined by intention. Intention cannot be formed without self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-efficacy on parent-adolescent sexual communication behavior mediated by intention. This research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The subjects of this study were 315 parents who came from various cities in Indonesia and had teenage children aged 14-17 years. Analysis of the data in this study uses mediation analysis to measure that the intention to be a mediator of self-efficacy on sexual communication behavior. The results showed that self-efficacy had a direct effect on the estimate value -0.037 and indirectly or through the intention on parent-adolescent sexual communication behavior with an estimate value 0.013. It is also hoped that parents can increase the desire to engage in sexual communication with their teenagers. Keywords: Intentions, self-efficacy, sexual communication, sexual communication behavior

Factors Impacting COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance Among College Students in Northwest Ohio

Background: Vaccination is a critical strategy for controlling the transmission of COVID-19 and for returning to normalcy on college campuses; however, vaccine hesitancy and resistance persist as a significant barrier. This study utilized the integrated behavior model (IBM) and the precaution adoption process model (PAPM) to identify factors predictive of COVID-19 vaccine willingness (receptive, hesitant, and resistant) among college students. Methods: A sample of 1248 students at 2 universities in northwest Ohio were surveyed online in 2021. Stata/SE, version 17 (StataCorp) software was used to conduct stepwise logistic regression to investigate the association of theoretical constructs with vaccine willingness, after controlling for COVID-19 related factors and sociodemographic factors. Results: Most students (82.5%) were vaccine receptive, 6.9% were vaccine hesitant, and 10.6% were vaccine resistant. Vaccine hesitancy was higher among students aged 18 to 22 years (9.3%), undergraduates (16.5%), and students who identified as Black (13%) or Middle Eastern (14.3%). Lower vaccine hesitance was significantly predicted by IBM constructs of positive attitudes, high self-efficacy, and high salience. Not getting an influenza vaccine in the past 3 years and viewing vaccination as a personal choice were significantly associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. Lower odds of vaccine resistance were predicted by higher subjective norms. Descriptive norms, not getting an influenza vaccine in the past 3 years, agreeing with conspiracies, and viewing vaccination as a personal choice were strongly predictive of higher vaccine resistance. Conclusion: Identifying the factors that predict vaccine hesitancy and resistance among college students is critical for college administrators, and for those who are designing health communication campaigns, to increase vaccination among this priority population.

COVID-19 Vaccination Intention in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases in Indonesia: An Application of the Integrated Behavioural Model

Vaccine hesitancy can be a challenge for those with autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination by patients with autoimmune diseases in Indonesia using the integrated behavioral model (IBM). This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022. A total of 404 patients with autoimmune diseases completed the survey. The majority of respondents (57.9%) said they intended to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The IBM model with added demographic variables explained 54.1% of the variance of vaccination intention (R2 = 0.541). Self-efficacy, perceived norms, experiential attitude, and instrumental attitude are significantly correlated with vaccination intention in components of health behavior theories. Self-efficacy is the most critical factor influencing vaccination intention in patients with autoimmune diseases (F(2, 401) = 96.9, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.326). In the multivariate analysis, vaccine intention was found to be positively associated with patients' occupation as health-care workers (β = 0.105). Meanwhile, having a personal history of contracting COVID-19 and having co-morbidities other than autoimmune diseases were negatively correlated to the willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. This study confirms the viability of the IBM model for predicting the COVID-19 vaccination intention of patients with autoimmune diseases. It is essential to provide patients with autoimmune diseases with information that is clear and supported by evidence-based medicine.

Driving Behavior Modeling and Characteristic Learning for Human-like Decision-Making in Highway

To make autonomous vehicles consider driver's personalized characteristics, this paper proposes an integrated model and learning combined (IMLC) algorithm to realize human-like driving. It includes the integrated driving behavior modeling to ensure basic safety and the characteristic learning to further imitate human driver's style. Firstly, an integrated behavior model is built according to driver's operation logics, including lane advantage assessment, target lane selection and acceleration determination. The lane advantage is assessed by five lane features, like safety, efficiency, cooperativity, etc. Then, parameters of the built model are learned from human's demonstrations. For the lane selection parameter, a novel lane feature extraction method is presented and the maximum entropy inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is adopted to solve. For the acceleration parameter, since it's hard to extract human's acceleration features accurately, the particle filtering is used to estimate. Finally, the IMLC algorithm is validated in highD dataset compared to existing algorithms. The results show that the RMSE of position and velocity in 9s are within 4.2m and 0.9m/s, which has great advantage. Moreover, we test the human-like performance in driver simulator. The safety and efficiency in this process are fairly approximate.

Predicting Intention to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV using an Integrated Behavior Model.

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are considered a high-risk population for developing a severe form of COVID-19. Vaccination is still one of the most important modalities in combating the disease due to the lack of an effective treatment. This multicenter study was performed from September to December 2021 with the aim to analyze the intention of PLHIV to receive the COVID-19 vaccination based on an integrated behavior model (IBM) in Indonesia. Of a total of 470 participants, 75.6% of patients were intent to be vaccinated. The model that was designed in this study explains 43.4% of the variance in intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in PLHIV (adjusted R2 = 0.434). Furthermore, the determinants used included instrumental attitude (β = 0.127, p < 0.05), subjective norm (β = 0.497, p < 0.01), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.116, p < 0.01). This study concluded that an IBM could predict the intention of PLHIV to receive COVID-19 vaccination.

HIV risk perception and sexual behavior among HIV-uninfected men and transgender women who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from the HPTN 075 qualitative sub-study.

There remains a limited understanding of how men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) perceive their risk for HIV and how risk influences behavior during sexual interactions. We performed thematic analysis on in-depth interviews from the qualitative sub-study of HPTN 075 in Kenya, Malawi, and South Africa. Using the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) constructs, we found that most MSM and TGW perceived themselves to be at risk for HIV, leading them to regularly engage in safer sexual behaviors. Notably, even though these MSM and TGW perceived themselves to be at risk for HIV, some of them reported engaging in transactional sex, sex under the influence of alcohol, and intentional non-use of condoms. This indicates that HIV risk perception was not always associated with safer sexual behaviors or a reduction in risk behaviors. Attitudes (negative attitudes toward condom use), perceived norms (social pressures), and environment constraints (contextual barriers) were related to MSM and TGW not engaging in safe sexual behavior. Hearing the perspectives of MSM and TGW on their sexual behavior continues to be important for the development and implementation of effective prevention policies and interventions. Eliminating structural barriers such as stigma, discrimination, and criminalization of same-sex sexuality is a crucial prerequisite for the success of interventions to promote sexual health among MSM and TGW in SSA.

Adherence to micronutrient powder for home fortification of foods among infants and toddlers in rural China: a structural equation modeling approach

BackgroundThe WHO recommends daily use of micronutrient powder for infants and toddlers at risk of micronutrient deficiencies in low-and-middle-income countries. China has established a micronutrient powder distribution program in many rural townships and villages, yet adherence to micronutrient powder remains suboptimal; a little is known about the behavioral inputs that may influence adherence. This study examines direct and indirect behavioral inputs in micronutrient powder adherence among caregivers in rural western China following the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) framework.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected from April to May 2019 among 958 caregivers of children aged 6 to 24 months in six counties. Data were collected on micronutrient powder adherence behavior, direct behavioral inputs (knowledge and skills, intention, salience, environmental constraints, and habits), and indirect behavioral inputs (attitudes, perceived social norms, and personal agency). Structural equation modeling (SEM) adjusted for sociodemographic covariates was used to evaluate the IBM framework.ResultsMean micronutrient powder adherence in the previous seven days was 53.02%, and only 22.86% of caregivers consistently fed micronutrient powder from the start of micronutrient powder distribution at six months of age. The SEM model revealed small- to medium-sized effects of salience (β = 0.440, P < 0.001), intention (β = 0.374, P < 0.001), knowledge and skills (β = 0.214, P < 0.001), personal agency (st. effect = 0.172, P < 0.001), environmental constraints (β=-0.142, P < 0.001), and caregiver generation (β = 0.119, P < 0.05) on micronutrient powder adherence. Overall, 54.7% of the variance in micronutrient powder adherence was explained by the IBM framework. Salience had the largest impact on micronutrient powder adherence (Cohen’s f2 = 0.227). Compared to parent caregivers, grandparents had a higher degree of micronutrient powder adherence on average (P < 0.001), and behavioral inputs were consistent among both parent and grandparent caregivers.ConclusionThere is a need to improve micronutrient powder adherence among rural caregivers. The IBM framework showed a high degree of explanatory power in predicting micronutrient powder adherence behavior. The findings suggest that increased reminders from doctors regarding micronutrient powder and coaching to improve personal agency in micronutrient powder feeding may increase adherence.

Behavior change interventions regarding WASH and its impacts on sustainable community development: A study of district Gujrat, Pakistan

ABSTRACT Behavior change interventions are fundamental to achieve sustainability in communities through the identification of new, and strengthening the existing positive practices. It is considered central to the quest for sustainable future and solves multidimensional community problems, which require large scale shift in human behavior with regard to their health, social, physical activities and long held habits. Individual behavior is non-linear and unpredictable complex system, with diversity of agents in the living environment. Numerous aspects of life such as health conditions, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices among others are at the core of behavior change interventions. The complexities of communities are multilayered and cannot be addressed with single approach, but need integrated interventions with indigenous knowledge of socio-economic, cultural, traditional, religious factors, and available resources at community level. In this context, the study examines the role of behavior change interventions with the help of integrated behavior model for water and sanitation hygiene (IBM-WASH). IBM-WASH is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) which explains the interdependence among individual behavior and actions. The primary data was collected from district Gujrat (Pakistan) through stratified random sampling. The hypotheses were tested with smartPLS software. Findings revealed that the behavior change interventions regarding WASH have significant impacts on sustainable community development.

Assessing young Kenyan women's willingness to engage in a peer-delivered HIV self-testing and referral model for PrEP initiation: A qualitative formative research study.

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIV prevention, but uptake remains low, especially among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Kenya. A model in which trained AGYW using PrEP deliver HIV self-tests to their close friends and refer them to PrEP may help increase PrEP uptake in this population. To understand AGYW's potential willingness to engage in such a model, we conducted a qualitative formative study in Kenya.MethodWe conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) with AGYW (16 to 24 years) in Kiambu County who were determined at risk of HIV acquisition. We purposively recruited “PrEP-naïve” (no prior PrEP use) and “PrEP-experienced” AGYW who used PrEP for at least 1 month within the previous year. We solicited perspectives on initiating/engaging in conversations about HIV risk and PrEP, distributing/receiving HIV self-test kits, and referring/following through on a referral to clinic-based HIV services. We analyzed verbatim transcripts using rapid qualitative analysis and a combination of inductive and deductive approaches, with the latter informed by the Integrated Behavior Model (IBM).ResultsFrom August to December 2020, we conducted 30 IDIs: 15 with PrEP-experienced and 15 with PrEP-naïve AGYW. Participants' median age was 20 [interquartile range (IQR): 20–22]. Overall, most participants anticipated that they would be willing to engage in this model. PrEP-experienced AGYW emphasized the salience of their concerns about friends' HIV risk behaviors, with several noting that they are already in the habit of discussing PrEP with friends. Many additionally expressed positive attitudes toward the proposed target behaviors, perceived these to be normative among AGYW, and expressed confidence in their ability to carry out the behaviors with proper support. Although few participants had HIVST experience, nearly all anticipated they would be able to use an HIV self-test kit correctly if provided instruction.ConclusionThe Kenyan AGYW who participated in this study generally anticipated that they would be willing to engage in a formal peer PrEP referral model enhanced with peer-delivered HIV self-tests. Future research is needed to pilot test this model to determine its acceptability, feasibility, and effect on HIVST and PrEP uptake within this population.