Integral Part Of Sustainable Development Research Articles

Waste management in schools as part of sustainable development

Waste management in schools plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable development, as education serves as a precursor to raising awareness and instilling habits in society. This research seeks to understand the existing body of knowledge on waste management in schools, with a particular focus on primary to junior high school levels, as a facet of sustainable development over the period 2010 to 2023. The research uses bibliometric analysis through tools such as VOSviewer and Publish or Perish. The research yielded a total of 63 published articles. The main findings include: (1) the most publications on waste management in schools occurred in 2022, but the most influential year was 2021; (2) the number of publications, institutions, journal rankings, and countries that produced research in this field; (3) research collaboration was not significant; (4) the most prominent journals in this field were Recycling and Science of the Total Environment; and (5) the common themes of articles in this field include waste management in schools, waste impacts, waste management system evaluation, sustainable development, and environmental management. These results will greatly assist readers in identifying research priorities related to school waste management and sustainable development. The recognition of collaborative efforts between different countries will bring new issues to the forefront of school waste management research and encourage collaboration between nations. Practically, this study provides a comprehensive review of the literature on school waste management as an integral part of sustainable development.

COVID-19 VIRUS PANDEMIC – CRASH OF THE SERBIAN TOURISM OR THE OPPORTUNITY TO PROSPER?

The year 2020 proved to be challenging in many fields. The entire economy suffered huge losses and the tourism is no exception. The research offered in this paper was conducted in this regard, the aim of which was to examine the tourist habits of the Serbian residents before the pandemic, and then to compare them with the behaviour of passengers in this new situation. Surveys designed partly as open questions, and partly as questions with offered answers, and their analysis, revealed that the habits of the citizens of our country change forcibly and that the preferences of a typical Serbian tourist always gravitate to foreign destinations. Only the pandemic led tourists to travel around Serbia, which, as they admit, they do not know enough about. An important role in that context played the government’s tourist vouchers, which to some extent helped overcome the economic difficulties of travel. The conclusion is therefore that although tourism has suffered damage, the imposed global isolation may be just an opportunity to attract domestic tourists. As could easily be concluded, tourism in 2020 faced great challenges globally, because of the Covid-19 virus epidemic. World stock markets and the world economy are in crisis and the extent and consequences of this crisis are still unknown. Tourism as an economic branch does not include only travel but relates to other economic activities that are an integral part of sustainable development. Some tourist destinations in the world once facing too many tourists, now are facing flights cancelled during the pandemic, and the number of visits dropped in a short period of time. On the other hand, we are witnessing events that are a consequence of the declining number of tourists, and which are a kind of nature’s recovery from human presence (dolphins in Venice, animals on city streets, reduced air pollution, etc.). It seems that nature needed a break from man, and viewed from that side, one can see the positive effects of limited movement.

Challenges in the energy transition: How does household registration identity affect public participation in environmental affairs in China?

One of the challenges in the transition to a low-carbon economy is how to improve the energy and environmental performance of migrants. China has experienced rapid urbanization and a surge in domestic migration in recent years. People migrate within China are an indispensable integral part of sustainable development. Do migrants engage in environmental affairs to the same extent as the locals? Extant literatures have paid insufficient attention to this topic. This paper contributes to the understanding of differences in environmental participation among urban residents who hold varying types of household registration (namely, hukou) identity. Drawing on large-scale survey datasets and the technique of matching, the study finds that: (1) the environmental engagement of migrants is less active than those owning hukou, (2) migrants’ duration of residence, household income, and the level of barriers to obtaining local hukou moderate the above relationship, and (3) the lack of social trust and sense of belonging that comes with the absence of hukou identity are channels constraining migrants’ environmental involvement. This article contends that further reform of the hukou system might be necessary to incentivize migrants to take a more proactive role in environmental matters.

Advances in planetary sustainability

In the 21st century, existing human societies and biodiversity on the Earth are under threat because human resource consumption is exceeding or projected to exceed some of the physical and chemical boundaries of our planet (Rockström et al., 2009). Space research and space exploration are an integral part of a sustainable development that mitigates these threats: Space science and exploration allow us to monitor environmental threats and they open up access to global communication and participation for all human societies. In addition, space exploration also promises to expand the existing limitations and planetary boundaries imposed on human development. On the other hand space exploration can also cause additional environmental problems. The best known example for the latter is the anthropogenic space debris orbiting Earth, but similar problems are likely to occur in other places, for instance on the Moon, due to scientific and commercial space exploration in the near future.Planetary sustainability is a helpful concept to address the promises and challenges posed by space exploration with respect to sustainability. This concept can be understood as a sustainable development that considers the Earth as a planet in its space environment and considers the space environment as an integral part of sustainable development, with scientific, ethical, economic, and legal ramifications.In this article we review the recent advancements in planetary sustainability. This includes the proposal that the space environment of Earth should be added as an independent goal to the existing 17 Sustainable Development Goals defined by the United Nations, considerations of the planned return of humans to the Moon in 2024, and the implications of the increase of commercial satellite networks in low Earth orbit.

PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF FORESTRY ENTERPRISES IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD IN UKRAINE

Climatic problems, the state of the natural environment, military actions are the main problems of today, which directly affect the ecological and economic safety and, as a result, the sustainable development of forestry enterprises. Theoretical, methodical and practical principles of ensuring ecological and economic safety of forest enterprises are the subject of the research. The aggravation of the ecological situation in Ukraine requires the development of modern mechanisms of regulation of ecological and economic safety in accordance with the principles of ecologically safe economic development. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research are the basic theoretical regulations of domestic and foreign economic science on the issues of economic and ecological safety of forest enterprises, laws of Ukraine, EU directives. The research was conducted on the basis of general scientific methods and techniques: logical and qualitative analysis and synthesis – when substantiating theoretical approaches to ensuring ecological and economic safety; system structural analysis – when analyzing the current state of sustainability of forestry enterprises; comparative analysis – when comparing the state of ecosystems during military operations. When analyzing the sustainability of forest enterprises, the methods of integrating the approaches of the economic and ecological apparatus, the general theory of development, and the methods of economic and ecological analysis were used. In the process of synthesizing the multi-link economic-ecological system, the methods of the theory of multi-link management systems were used. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the peculiarities of the mechanism of ensuring ecological and economic security of the functioning of forestry enterprises in the post-war period in the context of the European policy of the green course on the following thematic platforms – the need to ensure ecological and economic security, economic integration and rapprochement, adaptation to climate change. The realization of the goal determined the solution of the scientific research tasks: to substantiate the need for ecological and economic security, to analyze the trends of the implementation of the new EU forest strategy in the direction of the reform of the country's forest sector, to prove the feasibility of the algorithm of the mechanism for ensuring the ecological and economic security of forestry enterprises. Results. According to the results of the research it is proved that today the general model of multipurpose use of forest resources should cover the problem of the ratio of the available and desired state of resources. This ratio should determine the nature and scale of the problem, which is manifested in ensuring ecological and economic security in accordance with ecologically oriented principles. The components of the specified ratio will have different scales of complexity, some of which are complex tasks. Environmental and economic security of a forest enterprise is a state of protection from negative environmental influences, as it is achieved with sufficient potential for its stability, self-identity, integrity, flexibility and adaptability. Conclusions. Ecological and economic safety has become an integral part of sustainable development of the economy, the need to ensure ecological and economic safety is a key element of economic activity of enterprises. Taking into account today's realities, the mechanisms of functioning of ecological and economic security are determined, which are aimed at maintaining the balance between its structural elements and the implementation of both anthropogenic and natural loads on them. In this way it is possible to ensure stable development, achieve the set goals, achieve the desired results without harming the environment, preserve the natural resources and the assimilation potential of the forest ecosystem. Therefore, the focus on the new forest strategy of the EU is a step towards an effective and sustainable economy, intensifying efforts to adapt to climate change and mitigate the consequences of military actions, as well as solving environmental problems in the forest sector.

THE ROLE OF SPORTS MEGA - EVENTS IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Despite the known contribution of sports events to cities, especially affected by COVID-19 pandemic, residents hold different attitudes to this, for some citizens, sports events continue to play a vital role in cities sustainable development and may contribute to improved life condition and infrastructure in cities, but others do not think so. Although the benefits of sports events are commonly reported, the reasons why some cities and citizens willing to hold sports events are not well understood. This systematic review aimed to identify studies from the literature that the importance of sport mega-events in cities sustainable development synthesize and discuss the reasons for willing to hold sports events reported in the literature. Searches of the e-journal databases including Science Direct, Sport Discus, Scopus, Social Science Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index were performed. Studies were included that evaluated importance of sports events in cities sustainable development and residents’ attitudes because this is the key point to promote sports events development. The studies included in this review used qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods designs, were peer reviewed, and were published in the English language before the search date. Results: There are 2036 studies identified and after exclusions 30 studies were included in the review (9 qualitative, 10 quantitative, and 11 mixed methods). The review presents several features and findings from the studies, including a description and systematization the role of sports mega-events for cities sustainable development and the main reasons that cities and citizens willing to hold sports events (e.g. increasing job chances, improving the visibility of the city, and taking advantage of opportunities to develop economy). The finding suggest that sports events are an integral part of sustainable development of the city, and sports mega-events were identified as contributing to the city development. Cities and citizens can benefit from various sports events with regard to their development. Sports events play an important role in the sustainable development of cities, and contribute to the political, economic and cultural development of the city. The development of sports events and strategies to promote sustainable urban development should focus on these aspects after COVID-19.

Strategies for higher education in the global green economy

Education for Sustainable Development (SRF), given the global lack of resources and The Associated distribution challenges, should promote peaceful, coexistence in freedom and prosperity, and a supportive environment for present and future generations. Critical reflection of one’s own reality of life, social conditions, current models of thoughts and value judgments, is aimed at the responsibility and maturity of the individual. People of all ages, genders, and cultures should be supported in developing alternative ideas about a sustainable future and working creatively with others to realize these visions. SRF not only raises awareness of the complexity of problems, but also promotes the communication of sustainable development and its concrete implementation. The goal is to develop the ability for critical reflection and systematic and future-oriented thinking, as well as practices that promote sustainability. Education is a necessary condition and an integral part of sustainable development. Education for sustainable development should be perceived as a common problem and regulatory idea throughout the education system. Inter-school educational references are essential for the overall thinking of the environmental, economic, and social dimensions required as a standard. Education can be based on important foundations, experiences, and initiatives. Education is one of the key prerequisites for the implementation of the entire “program 2030”, so education plays a key role in the vision of a just, peaceful and sustainable global society. The international community has set its own goal: “to ensure inclusive, fair and high-quality learning and promote all lifelong learning opportunities.”

The resilient city: What urban form characteristics to adapt to flood risks? (Case of the city of Skikda-Algeria)

Disaster risk reduction has become a global consensus and an integral part of sustainable development. The built environment can mitigate or exacerbate the spread of flood risks and help to achieve resilience. This paper questions the characteristics of resilient urban forms to adapt to flood risks in urban areas. This concern was analysed using a methodology based on urban morphological indicators, applied to the city of Skikda in north-eastern Algeria.The results identify five key factors of resilient urban form which are: connectivity, diversity, redundancy, modularity and finally efficiency; their potential is to identify gaps and uncertainties to establish possible links between geometric parameters characterizing urban forms and key indicators of urban flood severity.

К ВОПРОСУ О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ СИСТЕМЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА И ГОСТЕПРИИМСТВА РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО УРОВНЯ С УЧЁТОМ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ

The article is devoted to understanding the issue of managing the processes of sustain- able development of the tourism and hospi- tality industry. The structure of the develop- ment of elements of a tourist destination is presented, taking into account the principles of sustainable development. Innovative pro- cesses are considered as an integral part of sustainable development. The substantiation of the types of innovative processes in the hospitality industry system and their contri- bution to the sustainable development of the regional economic system is given.

Forest tourism as an integral part of sustainable development

Forest tourism as an integral part of sustainable development

Can quarantine plant-parasitic nematodes within wastes be managed by useful tools in a circular economy approach?

Seen as an integral part of sustainable development, circular economy represents a model of production and consumption notably based on the limitation of both resource wastage and environmental impact. Laboratories and commercial companies working on plant pathogens, in particular quarantine species, must effectively disinfect their waste to avoid disseminating these organisms. The methods used for waste disinfection can however incur high energy costs or pose environmental and human health hazards. Here, we tested the effectiveness of five disinfection methods — chlorination, heat treatment, composting, mesophilic methanation and waste stabilization ponds — on plant-parasitic nematodes belonging to the genera Globodera and Meloidogyne. For the widely used chlorination and heat treatment methods, we showed that they can be very effective in inactivating nematodes at relatively low chlorine doses and temperatures (60 °C–3 min and 50 °C–30 min), respectively. For the three other disinfection methods tested, initially designed for waste recycling, we obtained different levels of efficiency. Composting and mesophilic methanation (based on cattle or pig slurry) both led to the complete elimination of nematodes, even for short treatment durations. However, waste stabilization ponds showed contrasting results, ranging from virtually no effect to high levels of inactivation of nematodes. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to use more environmentally friendly disinfection methods to control plant-parasitic nematodes. In particular, this finding paves the way towards the treatment of infected plant materials using composting or methanation, providing that disinfection is still reached under other (real-life) treatment conditions, especially with other kinds of waste. Both composting and methanation recycle and thus valorize infected waste; they are viable alternatives to landfilling or incineration, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of a circular economy approach.

Reputational Security and Media Security of Companies and Projects in the context of Sustainable Development Goals and ESG Principles

In the information field of high-tech projects, the following speech actions can be committed that form the objective side of offenses (crimes): defamation (defamatory speech actions), faking (fake speech acts), verbal extremism (extremist speech actions). It is proved that defamatory and fake information attacks are also possible in connection with the «interpretation» of publicly available «green» information about the organization: its statements and ESG strategy, non-financial reporting, etc. — for compliance with 1) planned entities — entities reflected in non-financial statements; 2) entities reflected in statements, strategies, non-financial reporting — actual data. Due to the fact that in the emerging judicial practice of ESG disputes, the attention of courts is paid to the form of statements, when considering such disputes, it is proposed to use the tools developed within the framework of judicial linguistics to identify the meaning (content) of units of various levels, determine the meaning or form of expression of meaning and classify it to a certain class (statement, opinion, assessment, assumption), establishing the presence or absence of certain content in the text, etc. The author proves that ensuring media security is an integral part of sustainable development and proposes a definition of the media security and reputational security of an organization (project). The paper provides for the risk management model of the media security of the organization (project). It is proved that from the point of view of project management, media security risk management claims to be an independent group of processes within the framework of project management. Media security risk management relies on the tools embedded in the methodology of the law of sustainable development: on system analysis and decision-making theory.

The indicator-based measurement of the circular economy in the countries of the European Union

The circular economy is an integral part of sustainable development as a new economic model, which is the opposite of the linear economy that is still in force today. In terms of its basics, we can speak of a sustainable economic system in which economic growth is completely decoupled from the use of resources, in order to reduce the use of natural resources and recycle them. In the study, the authors present the possibility of measuring the circular economy and establish a ranking for the 28 Member States of the European Union based on the created composite indicators measuring the circular economy. The values of the created CCEI index were compared with rankings produced by other researchers in similar and different ways. The goodness of the presented methodology is examined by comparing previous similar research results.
 The primary objective of the study is to create composite indicators and to analyse their comparability. Further aim is to characterise the leading and the tail-ender countries from which conclusions can be drawn regarding ranking and thus make them comparable. The research objective is achieved by using secondary data based on different Eurostat databases related to a sub-sector of the circular economy for the year 2018. The indicators of the circular economy were grouped according to four areas: production and consumption, waste management secondary raw materials, competitiveness and innovation. These areas are adequately show the topics related to the circular economy.
 In terms of its structure, the international literature related to the circular economy is reviewed first, followed by the EU strategy and a set of relevant indicators. In the methodological chapter, the methodology of the analysis, the scale coordinate transformation is explained. The research results are compared with the rankings created by other authors and the authors of this study. In this study, the comparison is made from composite indicators using rank correlation, followed by the conclusions.
 The research findings of the study highlighted the fact that composite indicators can be created in relation to the circular economy, however, creating and comparing them is not an easy task. The ranking on which the comparison is based shows a very high degree of similarity with the selected rankings. Overall and typically, the leading States, such as Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Italy are almost without exception in the top of the rankings in most cases, while the group of tail-enders is led by Malta and Estonia. Based on the results of the macro-level studies, the authors established a kind of competitiveness ranking.

Social Awareness of the Circular Economy as an Integral Part of Sustainable Development. Observations from Poland

Sustained growth in the number of urban dwellers means that matters concerning the development of modern cities are not only a challenge for current residents, but a global test for the entire population. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and assess social awareness regarding sustainable development, with particular emphasis on matters concerning the circular economy. The study was conducted by means of the CAWI (Computer Assisted (Aided) Web Interviews) method on a sample of 389 respondents from Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. The results imply that although the society has a correct understanding of sustainable development and the circular economy, there is still a continuing need to support further education due to the necessity for wider and more intensive implementation of sustainable development in practice.

Sustainable tourism development in mountain areas in Šumadija and Western Serbia

Sustainable tourism, as an integral part of sustainable development, emerged as a logical outcome of preventing the uncontrolled and excessive use of tourism resources and attractions. This study analyzes whether mountain tourism development in Serbia can be sustainable and feasible in the long term. Given the heterogeneity of mountains in Serbia in terms of tourism development, the subject of this research is the achieved level of sustainable tourism development in mountains in the most developed and most visited region in Serbia — Sumadija and Western Serbia: Zlatibor, Kopaonik, Tara, Zlatar, Mokra Gora and Goc. The sustainable tourism development level was analyzed by using five groups of the EU’s comparative indicators: economic, social, cultural, environmental and tourist satisfaction indicators. The results showed that the development of tourism in the examined mountains is not fully aligned with sustainable development. The tourist satisfaction indicator has the most acceptable values, which is a good basis for further harmonization of tourism development on the principles of sustainability. Economic indicators, especially the ratio of overnight stays and accommodation capacities, show the most unacceptable values, which indicate the need for implementing changes in the process of tourism development in the coming period. The analysis of sustainable tourism in mountain areas in Sumadija and the Western Serbia undoubtfully points out that it is necessary to significantly change the current tourism product portfolio, which implies harmonizing mountain tourism development with global trends. Certainly, a comparative analysis that looks at the degree of sustainability of mountain tourism in some countries of the Alpine region, such as Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia, contributes to this. The more intensive development of tourism throughout the year would significantly improve indicators of sustainable tourism in all analyzed mountain areas of Sumadija and Western Serbia. This would improve the value of economic indicators, which are marked as the most unsustainable. The development of tourism in the summer season, especially recreational and adventure tourism, would improve the social and cultural component of sustainable tourism. Environmental dimension of sustainable tourism would be enhanced by the development of ecotourism. By connecting spatially close mountains (Zlatibor, Zlatar, Tara and Mokra Gora) into a unique and integrated tourism destination, synergistic effects would be achieved resulting in international recognition and making the region of Sumadija and Western Serbia competitive on the European market.

Value Created by Culture in the Context of Sustainable Development: a Case Study of the Baltic States

Culture is playing an increasingly important role in achieving sustainable development goals in countries. The value created by culture is important and an integral part of each country’s economy. The article is designed to establish the relationship between the value created by culture and the implementation of countries’ sustainable development goals through a detailed conceptualization of culture as an integral part of sustainable development. Conceptualization seeks to integrate culture into the concept of sustainable development by giving it three distinct roles in the process of evaluating sustainable development. The paper examines in detail the goals of sustainable development and their links with culture, highlighting the indicators that have been further used in the research. To assess the contribution of culture to the national economy, the number of cultural enterprises, value added in the cultural sector and turnover were estimated in order to compare employment in the cultural sector in different EU28 countries, and Min / Max indices were calculated. The study identified the relationship between the goals of sustainable development and the value created by culture, using a measure of connection strength. Statistical analysis of the data undoubtedly confirms that cultural contribution to the achievement of the SDGs is significant as there is a very strong positive relationship between the cultural value index and the SDGs achieved in all three case studies.

Стратегія сталого розвитку світового лідера вантажоперевезень у реаліях сучасного бізнесу

The processes of globalization of international trade involve the unhindered movement of resources and goods, which is objectively impossible to carry out without maritime transport. Currently, maritime transport provides sustainable foreign economic transport and production relations between individual countries. Sea transportation occupies about 80% of the world’s cargo turnover, and this percentage increases every year. Sea transportation is the most efficient, reliable and economical way of international transportation of most goods. Corporate social responsibility is an integral part of sustainable development of maritime cargo transportation companies and includes care for the environment, labor rights and human rights, business ethics. In 2018, a strategy directed towards reducing annual greenhouse gas emissions from vessels by 2050 by at least 50% of the total volume compared to 2008 was adopted. The article proposes methods for calculating tracking indicators of the sea transport energy efficiency, basic elements of planning the energy efficiency management of the vessel are allocated. The sustainable development strategy of the Danish company Maersk, specializing in maritime freight transportation and port terminal maintenance, envisages four areas - climate change, inclusive trade, food loss and ship recycling. The Maersk’s partners are international organizations that contribute to the implementation of the UN sustainable development strategy. Since 2019 Maersk reports a 42% reduction in relative CO2 emissions compared to 2008. The company plans to jointly develop carbon dioxide fuel types and sustainable fuel solutions with energy suppliers, as well as with technology developers, researchers, investors and other transportation companies and logistics providers. Thus, Maersk is gradually demonstrating a global commitment to the ecologically sustainable logistics in line with its commitment to reducing carbon emissions across the supply chain. Maersk has taken the initiative to abandon the use of fossil fuels and has set a global goal of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2050 in the performance of all its operations.

Mothers’ health knowledge gap for children with diarrhea: A decomposition analysis across caste and religion in India

Abstract The access to health networks is an integral part of sustainable development, which has largely been ignored in previous studies of health knowledge production. Additionally, the previous literature is scarce on health knowledge gaps and the intersection of deeply institutionalized marginalization of certain groups—such as by caste or by religious system in India, Bangladesh, or Nepal—and the resources these groups have available. To address these knowledge gaps, we explore the relationship among health knowledge and caste and religion and a number of important mediating factors in India, estimating causal impacts through a combination of instrumental variables and decomposition methods. Five main results are established: (1) the presence of a substantively large “raw” (unconditional) health knowledge caste gap favoring high caste women—though at the same time with an overall relatively low level of health knowledge across castes and religions—thus pointing towards even deeper, more structural, endemic public policy challenges for Indian policy makers); (2) evidence that the endowments and the returns to these endowments increase the health knowledge gaps—indicating that high caste women have higher education and better access to health networks but also higher returns to these characteristics; (3) for Adivasi women network homophily works to decrease the discrimination part of the health knowledge gap—it may therefore not be enough if these women merely get access to health networks (even if they are of high quality) if caste and religion-related gaps in health knowledge are to be reduced; such networks also have to be homophilous, to have an effect; (4) while observed individual characteristics explain a large—indeed, sometimes the major—part of the gaps, in several cases a substantial part of the health knowledge gap is left unexplained—consistent with the presence of discrimination against these systemically marginalized women; and (5) in turn, the substantial dampening of the caste and religion effect once socioeconomic status is controlled for suggests that caste differentials are not independent of class differentials. We also perform similar analysis for child mortality, now including health knowledge as one of the focal explanatory variables and obtain similar results—thus providing additional evidence that health knowledge and health network access, two major factors of sustainable development, should receive more attention by policymakers in the future. Lastly, policy implications and implications and suggestions for future data collection efforts are also discussed.

Materiales reciclados aligerados y su influencia en el consumo de energía eléctrica en viviendas económicas

Una arquitectura eficiente forma parte integral del desarrollo sustentable y, asimismo, debe contemplar una envolvente que se adapte al clima y a los recursos constructivos de una región. La evaluación del comportamiento térmico de las edificaciones mediante simulación dinámica se utiliza en todo el mundo para evaluar su eficiencia energética. En México existe carencia de datos sobre las propiedades térmicas de los materiales de construcción. En el presente trabajo se obtiene experimentalmente la conductividad térmica, calor específico y densidad volumétrica de materiales de construcción como lo son el ladrillo de barro recocido, el bloque aligerado, el mortero cemento-arena natural y el mortero cemento-arena reciclado, este último fabricado con materiales reciclados de la demolición de concreto. Los resultados de simulación obtenidos muestran disminución en las ganancias de calor en muros y en el consumo de energía eléctrica por enfriamiento. La disminución es superior a 8%, utilizando sistemas constructivos conformados con materiales aligerados y reciclados.

Тенденції розвитку методів і систем управління відходами

Нині за кордоном утилізують відходи швидше, ніж вони накопичуються. Для цього використовують альтернативні методи та екологічні матеріали, які мінімізують їх утворення. В Україні використовують шкідливі матеріали, які забруднюють довкілля, а також відсутні екологічні методи утилізації відходів. В Україні однією з найважливіших і найактуальніших проблем забруднення довкілля є неконтрольоване накопичення відходів та захоронення на полігонах. Проаналізовано основні тенденції розвитку методів і систем управління відходами. Оцінено сучасний стан та проблеми управління відходами в Україні та Львівській області. Виявлено тенденцію постійного зростання обсягу відходів. Простежено динаміку утворення відходів за категоріями матеріалів та класами небезпеки. Виконано аналіз утворення та утилізації відходів у Львівській області за 2010–2017 рр. Виконано регресійний аналіз зміни обсягу спалених відходів у Львівській області для отримання енергії і зміни показників утворення відходів І класу небезпеки. Встановлено, що відходи І класу небезпеки з 2000 по 2017 рр. змінюються в поліноміальній залежності 2-го степеня. Використання цих залежностей дасть змогу спрогнозувати зміни обсягів відходів у Львівській області. В Україні для сталого розвитку потрібно впроваджувати інтегровані системи управління відходами на регіональному та локальному рівнях. Тому для оптимальної моделі управління відходами потрібно запобігати утворенню та накопиченню відходів та повторно використовувати ті, що містяться на полігонах та сміттєзвалищах.