Vitamin B12 Intake Research Articles

Anaemia during pregnancy: could riboflavin deficiency be implicated?

Anaemia affects more than 36% of all pregnancies globally and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is widely recognised as the most common nutritional cause of anaemia but other nutrient deficiencies are also implicated, including the B vitamin riboflavin, albeit its role is largely under-investigated and thus typically overlooked. Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), is required for numerous oxidation-reduction reactions, antioxidant function, and in the metabolism of other B vitamins and iron. While clinical deficiency of riboflavin is largely confined to low-income countries, sub-clinical (functional) deficiency is much more widespread, including in high-income countries, and is particularly common among women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. Limited observational evidence from high-income populations suggests that suboptimal riboflavin status contributes to an increased risk of anaemia. Furthermore, randomised controlled trials in pregnant women from low- and middle-income countries have demonstrated beneficial effects of riboflavin on haematological status and anaemia. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the contribution of riboflavin deficiency to anaemia, with the strongest evidence pointing to an adverse effect on iron metabolism, given that riboflavin co-factors are required for the release of iron from storage ferritin in the production of red blood cells. Overall, this review investigates riboflavin intakes and status during pregnancy in different populations and evaluates the available evidence for the under-recognised role of riboflavin in the maintenance of haemoglobin concentrations together with its potential to protect against the development of anaemia during pregnancy.

The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 intake and severe abdominal aortic calcification among the general population in the United States

BackgroundVitamin B1 deficiency is closely associated with vascular system damage, but the relationship between dietary vitamin B1 intake and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) remains unclear and warrants further investigation.Methods2,640 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 were included in the study. Severe AAC was defined as Kauppila score >5. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to examine the relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and severe AAC.ResultsThe increase in dietary intake of vitamin B1 is significantly correlated with a decrease in the risk of severe AAC (OR: 0.601, 95% CI: 0.406, 0.892). Compared to the first quartile of dietary vitamin B1 intake, the fourth quartile had a significantly reduced risk of severe AAC (OR: 0.358, 95% CI: 0.172, 0.744). RCS indicated a decreasing trend in the risk of severe AAC with increasing dietary vitamin B1 intake.ConclusionOur research findings indicate that the increase in dietary intake of vitamin B1 is significantly associated with a decrease in the risk of severe AAC. Thus, increasing dietary vitamin B1 intake appropriately may reduce the risk of severe AAC.

Association between dietary consumption of multiple vitamins and age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional observational study in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2008

PurposeAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the common causes of blindness in the elderly worldwide. Its prevention and monitoring indicators remain a key area of research. This study aims to examine the association between vitamin intake and AMD prevalence.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008 were used for cross-sectional analysis. Logistic regression models, subgroup analyses and multicollinearity regression were employed to assess the association between vitamin intake and AMD.ResultsA total of 1,627 participants were included, with 54.5% (weighted) males and 45.5% (weighted) females. Significant differences were observed in the intake of vitamins B (B1, B2, B6, and B12), E, and folic acid between the AMD and Non-AMD groups. The Non-AMD group had higher average intakes (weighted) of vitamin B1 (1.71 ± 1.10 vs. 1.37 ± 0.64), B2 (2.42 ± 1.22 vs. 1.86 ± 0.70), B6 (2.05 ± 1.25 vs. 1.71 ± 0.85), B12 (5.73 ± 6.18 vs. 4.54 ± 3.27), E (7.93 ± 5.47 vs. 6.39 ± 2.86), and folic acid (181.87 ± 178.04 vs. 140.72 ± 124.60). Logistic regression and subgroup analyses further supported these findings.ConclusionThis study found that higher vitamin intakes B and E were associated with a lower prevalence of AMD in the U.S. population. Eating a healthy diet rich in vitamins B and E, particularly B2 (eggs, green vegetables, meat, mushrooms, and almonds) may help to reduce vision loss due to AMD. However, since this is a cross-sectional study, causal associations between vitamin intake and AMD cannot be established. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Association between iron and vitamin intake and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents of both sexes

Abstract Cardiovascular parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents may be influenced by eating habits. The aim was to evaluate the association between the levels of some nutrients and micronutrients with blood pressure and VO2max in adolescents. A total of 60 adolescents (15.77 ± 0.96 years old) participated in the study, of whom 35 were girls and 25 were boys. Eating habits were assessed frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Before and after a cardiorespiratory fitness test (YOYO TEST), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were collected. A backward elimination method of multiple regression was performed to analyse the data. A positive association was found between VO2max and the intake of iron (), vitamin D (), vitamin B6 () and vitamin B12 () for girls. Additionally, no significant associations were found between sugar, fibre and fat intake and VO2max. There was a positive association between SBP and sugar intake () for girls and negative association between DBP after exertion and fibre intake () and body mass index () for boys. There is a positive association between the intake of iron, vitamins and VO2max in girls and intake of sugar with SBP for girls and negative association between fibres and DBP after exertion for boys.

Diet Quality and Dietary Intake in Breast Cancer Survivors Suffering from Chronic Pain: An Explorative Case-Control Study

Background/Objectives: Dietary factors may significantly influence pain management in cancer survivors. However, a substantial gap exists regarding the relationship between nutrition and chronic pain in this population. This study examined differences in diet quality and dietary intake between breast cancer survivors (BCS) experiencing chronic pain and healthy controls (HC). It also aimed to understand the associations between dietary elements and pain-related outcomes within the BCS group. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 12 BCS experiencing chronic pain and 12 HC (ages 18–65). Data collection included body composition, experimental pain assessments, pain-related questionnaires, and a 3-day food diary to calculate diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Statistical analyses evaluated group differences and associations between dietary factors and pain within the BCS group. Results: There were no significant differences in HEI-2015 scores between BCS and HC, but BCS had a significantly lower DII score (p = 0.041), indicating a more anti-inflammatory diet. BCS also showed higher intake of omega-3, vitamins B6, B12, A, D, and magnesium (p < 0.05). While total diet quality scores did not correlate with pain outcomes, several HEI-2015 and DII components, such as dairy, sodium, protein, vitamin C, and vitamin D, showed moderate positive or negative correlations with pain measures. Conclusions: Despite no overall differences in diet quality, BCS with chronic pain consumed more anti-inflammatory nutrients than HC. Complex correlations between specific dietary components and pain outcomes emphasise the need for further research to explore these links for chronic pain management in BCS.

Association between dietary vitamin B6 intake and constipation: a population-based study

BackgroundNumerous studies have suggested a link between dietary micronutrient intake and the onset of constipation. Nevertheless, there has not been much research done on the potential relationship between vitamin B6 and constipation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary vitamin B6 consumption and chronic constipation are related among adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodThe study made use of information from the 2009–2010 NHANES health and nutrition survey. Respondents’ dietary information was gathered using 24-h dietary recalls. A range of statistical techniques, including as interaction tests, subgroup analyses, and curve fitting analyses, were used to examine the connection between dietary vitamin B6 intake and chronic constipation.ResultThis study included 3,643 patients, with 270 (7.41%) diagnosed with persistent constipation. A fully adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis found that increasing dietary vitamin B6 consumption (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.89) was linked to a lower incidence of constipation, with significance at p < 0.05. After accounting for numerous factors, the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the third tertile compared to the reference group (first tertile) were 0.85 (0.74, 0.98), with statistical significance at p < 0.05. Furthermore, subgroup analysis and interaction assessments revealed a substantial negative link between vitamin B6 intake and the occurrence of constipation, particularly in males and alcohol drinkers (all p-values were less than 0.05).ConclusionThis study found an inverse connection between vitamin B6 consumption and the prevalence of persistent constipation. More extensive prospective trials are needed to fully examine the long-term influence of vitamin B6 on persistent constipation.

Nutritional status of Saudi obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, one-year follow-up study.

Bariatric surgery has significantly increased globally as an effective treatment for severe obesity. Nutritional deficits are common among candidates for bariatric surgery, and follow-up of nutritional status is critically needed for post-surgery healthcare management. This observational prospective study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh. Samples were collected pre- and post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), with the visit intervals divided into four visits: pre-surgery (0M), 3 months (3M), 6 months (6M) and 12 months (12M). Food intake and eating patterns significantly changed during the first year (P < 0·001). The mean energy intake at 3M post-surgery was 738·3 kcal, significantly lower than the pre-surgery energy intake of 2059 kcal. Then, it increased gradually at 6M and 12M to reach 1069 kcal (P < 0·00). The intake of Fe, vitamin B12 and vitamin D was below the dietary reference intake recommendations, as indicated by the 24-hour dietary recall. The prevalence of 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency improved significantly from pre- to post-surgery (P < 0·001). Vitamin B12 deficiency was less reported pre-LSG and improved steadily towards a sufficient post-surgery status. However, 35·7 % of participants were deficient in Fe status, with 28·6% being female at higher levels than males. While protein supplementation decreased significantly over the 12M follow-up, the use of vitamin supplements dramatically increased at 3 and 6M before declining at 12M. Fe and vitamin B12 were the most popular supplements after vitamin D. This study confirms the necessity for individualised dietary plans and close monitoring of candidates' nutritional status before and after bariatric surgery.

Associations of Dietary Intake of Vitamin B6 and Plasma Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Level With Depression in US Adults: Findings From NHANES 2005-2010.

Evidence regarding the associations of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk is scarce. Accordingly, we investigated the aforementioned associations in US adults. This is a cross-sectional study that included data from two independent samples of 12,716 and 11,967 individuals (aged ≥20years) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010. The associations of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk were examined through multivariable logistic regression. In addition, we determined dose-response associations by fitting restricted cubic splines to the data. In the multivariable model, the highest quarter of dietary intake of vitamin B6 was associated with a significantly lower risk of depression compared to the lowest quarter (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.79, p< 0.001). Similarly, the highest quartile of plasma PLP levels was linked to a reduced risk of depression compared to the lowest quartile (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.93, p<0.01). With increasing quartiles of dietary intake of vitamin B6 and plasma PLP levels, the risk of depression also decreased accordingly (all p for trend < 0.01). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that for every 1-SD increase in the level of plasma lutein+zeaxanthin and dietary intake of vitamin B6, the risk of depression showed a decreasing trend (all p<0.01). The interaction test results indicated that the dietary consumption of vitamin B6 did not significantly interact with any of the stratification factors (all p for interaction >0.05). Moreover, no significant interaction was found between the amount of plasma PLP and any hierarchical factors (all p for interaction >0.05), except for gender-based subgroup analysis (p for interaction >0.05). The dose-response relationship results showed a linear decrease trend in the relationship between dietary vitamin B6 intake and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with the risk of depression. Plasma PLP levels and dietary vitamin B6 intake in the highest quartiles are associated with a lower risk of depression. These findings support the promotion of a balanced diet rich in vitamin B6. However, future randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on depression risk. We should aim for a healthy and balanced diet in terms of nutritional supplementation.

Association of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) With Dietary Intake of Vitamin B12.

Transient global amnesia (TGA), which is described as short-term amnesia, may be influenced by some dietary components involved in brain function. The aim of the present study was to assess the connection between TGA and dietary intake of vitamin B12. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 people with TGA and 520 people without TGA in Sabzevar, Iran. All participants were screened for TGA (ICD-10 code: G45.4). A validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was utilized to estimate the dietary intake of vitamin B12. Different models of logistic regression were used to determine the association between TGA and dietary intake of vitamin B12 after adjusting the confounders. There was an inverse association between the risk of TGA and the intake of vitamin B12 (OR = 0.94, CI 95%: 0.89-0.99, p= .02, effect size: -0.04). The result did not change after adjustment for age, gender, education, job, and marital status (OR = 0.93, CI 95%: 0.88-0.98, p= .01, effect size: -0.03). The result remained significant after additional adjustments for body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (OR = 0.94, CI 95%: 0.89-0.99, p= .03, effect size: -0.04), and after further adjustments for the underlying diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and stroke (OR = 0.86, CI 95%: 0.81-0.92, p< .01, effect size: -0.10). Vitamin B12 deficiency may increase the risk of TGA and should be considered as a potential concern for people at risk for TGA. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and to discover the underlying mechanisms of the effects of vitamin B12 on TGA.

Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Metformin is frequently prescribed as a first-line oral hypoglycemic drug to treat insulin resistance-causing type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM). Long-term metformin use results in vitamin B12 deficiency, which is frequently overlooked and undiagnosed. A severe deficit may cause severe anemiaand gastrointestinal, or neurological issues. Studies are scarce onthis issue in Pakistani patients with T2DM. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency in T2DM patients and to explore how it relates to metformin dosage or duration of therapy. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 T2DM patients using metformin therapy for more than a year and attending the outpatient diabetes clinic and the medicine department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan, from August 2022 to October 2023. All socio-demographic, clinical, and general characteristics were collected. Blood samples were taken to measure the serum vitamin B12 levels, and based on these levels, deficient and normal group characteristics were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results Based on the serum levels of vitamin B12 of the studied T2DM on the metformin regimen, the overall prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was found to be 36.54% (95). The B12 deficiency was higher among the age group of 41-50 years (109, 41.9%), female gender (150, 57.7%, p-value=0.0035), urban residents (194, 74.6%), non-smokers (197, 75.8%), and with a history of chronic disease (131, 50.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in vitamin B12 levels based on T2DM duration (p=0.012), with a higher prevalence in patients with a longer diabetes history of more than two years. There was no discernible statistical relationship between patients receiving different dosages of metformin (odds ratio (OR)=0.8627; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.5195, 1.4326); p-value=0.568), durations of metformin (OR=0.7400; 95% CI (0.442, 1.2325); p-value=0.247), or intake of vitamin B12 (OR=0.8532; 95% CI (0.5073, 1.4351); p-value=0.549). Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency impacted more than one-third of T2DM patients using metformin (36.54%). The risk of vitamin B12 deficiency may increase in females with higher metformin dosages and longer durations of treatment. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation exists between vitamin B12 deficiency and the longer duration of T2DM. These findings highlight the relevance of routinely monitoring serum levels of vitamin B12 among those with T2DM, especially when metformin is being given for over a year or at doses greater than 1000 mg per day. These preventive strategies will aid in the early detection of vitamin B12 deficiency, allowing patients to be treated with supplementation before problems such as anemia or neuropathies arise, resulting in improved quality of life and a lower socioeconomic burden.

Relationship between emotional eating and nutritional intake in adult women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEmotional eating (EE) is particularly prevalent in overweight or obese women, who may turn to food as a way to cope with stress, sadness, or anxiety. Limited research has been conducted on the association between EE and nutritional intake. Therefore, present study was designed to explore this association in adult women with overweight and obesity.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the relationship between EE and nutritional intake in 303 overweight and obese women (aged 18–50 years) was examined. The researchers used the validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess participants’ nutritional intake and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to evaluate their eating behavior. To determine the association between EE and nutritional intake, we employed the multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe frequency of high intensity EE was 64.4% among the study participants and the mean total score of EE subscale of DBEQ was 2.32 ± 0.81. The total score of EE was positively associated with the energy intake (β = 0.396, P = 0.007), even after adjusting for age and BMI. In addition, a significant inverse association was found between the score of EE and the daily intake of calcium (β= -0.219, P = 0.026), riboflavin (β= -0.166, P = 0.043), and vitamin B12 (β= -0.271, P = 0.035), independent from energy and age. Also the results showed a significant positive association between the score of EE and the frequency of daily intake of cracker, muffin, cake, cream cake, pastry, candy, ice cream, pickles, melon, hydrogenated vegetable oil, peanut, salted and roasted seeds, and corn-cheese puff snack.ConclusionThis study found that overweight or obese women with higher intensity of EE might have a higher intake of energy and a lower intake of dietary calcium, riboflavin and vitamin B12. Integrating a balanced diet with psychotherapy is suggested to help individuals with EE reducing the urge to eat in response to emotions.

Circulating micronutrients levels and their association with the risk of endometriosis.

Endometriosis, a prevalent gynecological disease, has an unclear pathogenesis. Micronutrients play a crucial role in disease development, which has led to an investigation of their association with endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between 15 micronutrients and endometriosis using both univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the correlation. The results were validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The univariate MR analysis indicated that vitamin B6 (OR = 1.7060, 95% CI: 1.1796-2.4672, p = 0.0045) and calcium (OR = 1.4834, 95% CI: 1.0747-2.0475, p = 0.0165) are associated with an increased risk of endometriosis. Higher intakes of vitamin B6 and calcium are associated with a greater likelihood of developing endometriosis. The MR Egger regression's intercept term demonstrated no evidence of pleiotropy (p > 0.05) or heterogeneity (p > 0.05) in the SNPs for calcium and vitamin B6. In multivariate MR analysis, vitamin B6 (OR = 2.397, 95% CI: 1.231-4.669, p = 0.01) was linked to an increased risk of endometriosis, independently of other exposure factors. No significant heterogeneity (p = 0.831) or pleiotropy (p = 0.369) was observed in the genetic variation of endometriosis, affirming the reliability of the multivariate MR analysis. HPLC confirmed a significant increase in serum levels of vitamin B6 and calcium, aligning with the MR analysis findings. Vitamin B6 and calcium may be associated with this disease, with vitamin B6 potentially acting as an independent risk factor. Further research is essential to elucidate the role of micronutrients in disease, offering novel insights for prevention and treatment strategies.

Short-term impact of bariatric surgery on the dietary intake of patients with type 2 diabetes.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity and an unhealthy diet and lifestyle are the key causes of rising diabetes burden in India. Bariatric surgery is gaining popularity in India as a favored approach to manage obesity and its accompanying comorbidities. Despite this, there is a scarcity of Indian studies evaluating dietary intake. Our goal was to analyse the dietary intake of Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or duodeno-jejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (DJB-SG) or surgeries. The longitudinal observational study included 64 T2DM patients (32 in each procedure) enrolled through purposive sampling. The patients underwent surgery (LSG or DJB-SG procedure) between January 2017 and July 2019. Dietary data was collected at baseline and postsurgery (12 months) using a 24-h dietary recall method for 2 days (one working and one holiday). The total sample consisted of 27 (42.2%) females and 37 (57.8%) males. The mean age was 46.8 years. At 12 months, the follow-up for the LSG and DJB-SG procedures was 100% and 78%, respectively. In the short term, a significant reduction was seen in weight, body mass index and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in both surgical groups. The two procedures were comparable with respect to weight loss but improvement in glycaemia was higher in the DJB-SG group. The dietary intake (food groups and nutrients) was similar in the two surgical groups at baseline and 12 months postsurgery. Dietary intake assessment showed significant reduction in calorie dense foods (cereals, roots and tubers, fats and oils, table sugar, and biscuits) in both surgical groups. Among nutrients, intake of energy, fats, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate and iron were reduced significantly in both procedures. Vitamin D (84.4% patients in LSG group and 81.3% patients in DJB-SG) and iron (62.5% patients in LSG group and 68.8% patients in DJB-SG) were commonly prevalent nutritional deficiencies at baseline and were significantly reduced at 12 months. In the short term, bariatric surgery resulted in weight loss and improvement in glycaemia. Bariatric surgery does significantly affect dietary intake leading to nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, patients should be recommended vitamin and mineral supplements and regular patient education and counselling by a trained bariatric dietitian to prevent nutritional deficiencies and maintain nutritional status.

Exploring the Impact of Paternal B12 Levels During the Periconceptional Period on IUI Success

Background: The present study is a novel exploration of the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on seminal fluid parameters and the outcomes of intrauterine insemination (IUI). Specifically, we aimed to evaluate the concentrations of vitamin B12 in blood and seminal plasma before and after two months of supplementation. Objectives: investigate the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on the characteristics of seminal fluid parameters and IUI outcomes. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled experiment with 100 randomly selected infertile couples. The patients were divided into two equal groups according to their vitamin B12 dosage. Group A consists of 50 couples who are taking B12 supplements. Obtain blood and seminal plasma samples from couples to measure the level of vitamin B12. Group B consists of 50 couples and does not include any supplements. The couples in group B initiated ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination (IUI) during the same month as the medical examination without the use of any additional supplements. Still, after two months of vitamin B12 supplement, group A started ovulation induction. Result: Basal semen parameters for sperm count, sperm motility in grades, and sperm morphology in the study group have a higher sperm count than the control group. Vitamin B12 intake for two months improves sperm morphology and increases sperm motility in grades A and B, according to the current study. This has a favorable effect on sperm count overall. Conclusion: research will determine the positive effect of vitamin B12 supplements on sperm parameters and IUI results.

Vitamin B12 Intake and Cancer Risk: Findings from a Case-Control Study in Vietnam

There is inconclusive evidence on the role of dietary intake of vitamin B12 in cancer. We evaluated the association between vitamin B12 intake and cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study, comprising 3,758 cancer cases and 2,995 controls in Vietnam. Vitamin B12 intake was derived from the validated food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs), and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between vitamin B12 and cancer risk. There was a U-shaped association between vitamin B12 intake and overall risk of cancer. Individuals with intakes lower than the median intake had a 6% (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.86–1.31)-107% (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.58–2.71), increased risk of cancer (Ptrend <0.001), whereas those with higher intakes than the median intake had a 20% (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.97–1.48)-52% (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.22–1.89) increased risk of cancer (Ptrend <0.04). The excess risk of cancer associated with low intakes of vitamin B12 was observed among esophageal, lung, and breast cancer patients, whereas with high intakes of vitamin B12 among gastric cancer patients. In summary, a U-shaped association between vitamin B12 intake and increased cancer risk was observed in the Vietnamese population.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional vitamin B12 status among adult vegans.

The dietary intake of vitamin B12 among unsupplemented vegans is notably lower compared to both vegetarians and omnivores. Prolonged low intakes of vitamin B12, such as seen in those adhering to a vegan diet, lead to physiological deficiency of vitamin B12 and an elevated risk of B12-related morbidity. However, while serum B12 serves as a conventional biomarker for assessing B12 status, its utility is limited given its sensitivity and specificity in ascribing physiological deficiency of B12 and the functional vitamin B12 status of those adhering to vegan diets is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using data based on the full panel of biomarkers of vitamin B12 status to test whether adherence to a vegan diet is associated with an elevated risk of functional vitamin B12 deficiency compared to vegetarian or omnivorous diets. In addition, subgroup analysis was carried out to look at the effect of vitamin B12 supplement use on B12 status among vegans. Our search identified 4002 records, of which 19 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 17 studies were taken forward for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results revealed significantly lower serum B12, pmol/ (-0.72 [-1.26, -0.18]; p = 0.01) and elevated total homocysteine, μmol/L (tHcy) (0.57 [0.26, 0.89]; p < 0.001) concentrations, alongside elevated methylmalonic acid, nmol/L (MMA) (0.28 [-0.01, 0.57]; p = 0.06) and lower holotranscobalamin, pmol/ (HoloTC) (-0.42 [-0.91, 0.07]; p = 0.09) levels among vegan adults compared to omnivores, indicating increased functional B12 deficiency in addition to low vitamin B12 status in vegan adults. There were no differences between vegans and vegetarians in HoloTC (0.04 [-0.28, 0.35]; p = 0.814) or MMA (-0.05 [-0.29, 0.20]; p = 0.708), but differences were found in serum B12 (-0.25 [-0.40, -0.10]; p = 0.001) and for tHcy (0.24 [0.09, 0.39]; p = 0.002) concentrations. Subgroup analyses indicated that the use of vitamin B12 supplements among vegans contributes to significant improvements in all biomarker concentrations compared to their unsupplemented counterparts. Our findings underscore the need for improved strategies to redress poor vitamin B12 status with appropriate B12 supplementation use among those adhering to vegetarian and vegan diets.

Association between dietary vitamin B6 intake and endometriosis risk: evidence from the national health and nutrition examination survey.

Endometriosis is a multifaceted disorder with genetic, immune, inflammatory, and multifactorial origins. Vitamin B6 serves as a pivotal coenzyme in various metabolic pathways involving lipids, hemes, nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Dysregulation or deficiency of vitamin B6 can perturb human physiology. However, the relationship between dietary vitamin B6 and endometriosis remains elusive. This study aims to explore how dietary intake of vitamin B6 is associated with the risk of endometriosis. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we analyzed information from American women aged 20-54 years between 1999 and 2006. After adjusting for relevant covariates, multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate correlations. A total of 4,453 women were included in the study. The multiple linear regression model revealed a positive association between dietary vitamin B6 intake and the risk of endometriosis, even after controlling for confounding variables. Compared to individuals with lower vitamin B6 consumption (Q1: <0.94 mg/day), the adjusted odds ratio (OR) values for dietary vitamin B6 intake and endometriosis in Q2 (0.95-1.39 mg/day), Q3 (1.40-1.99 mg/day), and Q4 (>1.90 mg/day) were 1.22 (95% CI: 0.88-1.69, p = 0.23), 1.22 (95% CI: 0.86-1.73, p = 0. 279), and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.01-2. 24, p = 0.04), respectively. Our findings suggest a positive correlation between endometriosis and dietary vitamin B6 intake. Further investigations are imperative to establish a causal relationship between dietary vitamin B6 intake and endometriosis.

Effect of roasted purple laver (nori) on vitamin B12 nutritional status of vegetarians: a dose-response trial

PurposeTo investigate the bioavailability of vitamin B12 from nori and to evaluate the required dosage for improving vitamin B12 nutritional status in vegetarians not using supplements.MethodsThe study design is an open-label, parallel, dose-response randomized controlled trial. Thirty vegetarians were assigned to control (no nori), low-dose (5 g nori, aiming to provide 2.4 µg vitamin B12 per day), or high-dose (8 g nori, aiming to provide 4 µg vitamin B12 per day) groups. The primary outcome was changes in vitamin B12 status as measured by serum vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), homocysteine (Hcy), and methylmalonic acid (MMA), and a combined score of these four markers (4cB12 score) during the four-week intervention. Dietary vitamin B12 intakes were assessed at baseline and end of the trial with a 17-item food frequency questionnaire designed for vitamin B12 assessment. General linear model was used to compare least square means of changes in each biomarker of vitamin B12 status, among the three groups, while adjusting for respective baseline biomarker.ResultsAfter adjusting for baseline status, nori consumption led to significant improvement in serum vitamin B12 (among-group P-value = 0.0029), holoTC (P = 0.0127), Hcy (P = 0.0225), and 4cB12 (P = 0.0094). Changes in MMA did not differ significantly across groups, but showed within-group pre-post improvement in the low-dose group (median [p25, p75] = -339 [-461, -198] nmol/L). Vitamin B12 status appeared to plateau at low dose (5 g of nori), which compared with control group, improved serum vitamin B12 (lease square mean [95% CI] = + 59 [25, 93] pmol/L, P = 0.0014); holoTC (+ 28.2 [10.1, 46.3] pmol/L, P = 0.0035); Hcy (-3.7 [-6.8, -0.6] µmol/L, p = 0.0226); and 4cB12 score (+ 0.67 [0.24, 1.09], p = 0.0036). High-dose resulted in similar improvements. There was no significant difference between low-dose and high-dose groups in all biomarkers of vitamin B12.ConclusionsConsuming 5 g of nori per day for 4 weeks significantly improved vitamin B12 status in vegetarians. A higher dose (8 g) may not confer additional benefits.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05614960. Date of registration: November 14th 2022.

Association between riboflavin intake and the risk of all-cause mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease: A retrospective cohort study.

Current studies have not clarified the relationship between riboflavin intake and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is an association between riboflavin intake and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. This was a retrospective cohort study with data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study was conducted using Cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the association between riboflavin intake and risk of all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed regarding gender, CKD stage, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A total of 3750 patients were ultimately included in the analyses. After excluding potential confounders, lower intake of riboflavin was associated with the higher risk of all-cause mortality (Q1: HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.05-1.69). The similar association was also found in patients at mild/moderate stage (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.66), in female (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.81), with hypertension (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.07-1.75), CVD (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.08-2.03), and dyslipidemia (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.66). This study found the association between low riboflavin intake and high risk of all-cause mortality, indicating a potential beneficial role of riboflavin in CKD patients.

Contribution of fortified foods and dietary supplements to total nutrient intakes and their adequacy in Japanese adults

BackgroundThis study examined how fortified foods and dietary supplements contributed to total nutrient intakes and their adequacy in Japanese adults.MethodsNutrient intake was estimated from 4-day dietary records of 392 adults (20–69 years) in total intake considering intakes from fortified foods and dietary supplements and in base diets without considering their intake. Users were defined as participants who used at least one fortified foods and/or dietary supplements during the 4-day recording period. The proportion of participants whose intake was below the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) or exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese was calculated.ResultsIn 122 identified users (31% of participants) of fortified foods and/or dietary supplements, the mean contributions of fortified foods and dietary supplements to total intake were < 4% and < 21%, respectively, for all 25 examined nutrients. Users were more likely to meet the EAR than non-users for six nutrients in the base diets and nine nutrients in the total intake. Among the users, the prevalence of participants below the EAR decreased by ≥ 10% in the total intake compared with the base diet for five nutrients. No nutrient intake from the base diet exceeded the UL in users and non-users; however, vitamin B6 intake in 2% of users exceeded the UL of their total intake.ConclusionAlthough the users of fortified foods and/or dietary supplements had better nutrient intake than non-users in base diets, fortified foods and dietary supplements helped the Japanese users achieve adequate intakes of certain nutrients without a risk of excessive intake (except for vitamin B6).