Intake Of 210Po Research Articles

Analysis of polonium-210 and dose assessment in marine fishery muscle from Southern Coast of Sukabumi

The measured of 210Po concentration in the commercially fish muscle has been conducted in fish species collected in southern coast of Sukabumi in 2021. 210Po is a natural occurring radionuclide from the 238U series in the environment and become a concern due to radiotoxic effect for the health of consumers. This study aims to determine the concentration activity of 210Po and to evaluate the annual effective dose of 210Po on fishery products in southern coast Sukabumi. There were ten different species of marine fish were analyzed using an alpha spectrometer. The results showed that the highest concentration of 210Po activity was in a common dolphinfish at 13.57 ± 2.03 Bq Kg−1 dry weight. This activity value was exceeded tolerable limits as reported by the global recommended concentration of 210Po for fish was about 2.4 Bq Kg−1. The lowest concentration of 210Po was found in Pink ear emperor fish at 0.18 ± 0.10 Bq Kg−1 of dry weight, which below minimum threshold of limit concentration activity. The results of the investigation that the average effective dose from one year fish consumption in Sukabumi for adult consumers ranged from 1.05-112 (µSv/a), children (10 years) ranged from 2.27 – 243 (µSv/a), and infant consumers (1 year) ranged from 7.67 – 821 (µSv/a). The annual dose from 210Po intake in the recent study are lower from reference level of 1 mSv, therefore 210Po was not become a concern.

Concentration of radionuclides in Swedish market basket and its radiological implications

The entrance of radionuclides to the human food chain together with the ingestion favour tissues deposition of radionuclides throughout the human body, which may have long-term implications for radiation doses. That affects world population, since it represents approximately 12% of the annual effective dose received for the public. This contribution will be quite variable depending on the food habits, food origin and the background levels of the place of residence. It is therefore necessary to monitor the food to be able to control and quantify the risk of exposure of the public. A wide range of food products (vegetables, fruits, meat, fish etc.) have been collected and analysed by different radiometric techniques in order to measure the activity concentration of naturally occurring and anthropogenic radionuclides (40K, 137Cs, 210Po, 226Ra, 228Ra, 234U and 238U). The results of the investigation highlighted that the average committed effective dose from one year's food consumption in Sweden ranged from 82 to 142 μSv for children and it was around 134 μSv for adults. Additionally, considering the consumption percentile 95 (P95), the total ingestion exposure could raise up to 560 μSv/y for children and 340 μSv/y for adults. In all population groups analysed, the internal exposure was mainly controlled by the intake of 210Po (∼ 94–98%), in particular via seafood consumption for example, as a result of the high levels of 210Po in shellfish such as shrimp (30 ± 2 Bq/kg) or blue mussel (55 ± 7 Bq/kg).

Assessment of intake of 210Po and 210Pb isotopes from cow’s milk in Poland

ABSTRACT Milk has been known for its nutritional properties for centuries and is often the staple of the diet in many countries. Therefore, monitoring of milk composition seems to be a relevant task as it was the purpose of this study to compare levels of 210Po and 210Pb in several Polish voivodeships. The methodology was based on mineralization, loss on an inorganic matrix and concentration measurement on an alpha spectrometer. The concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in collected milk samples were measured using alpha spectrometry and calculations, respectively. The results showed that the lowest concentration of 210Po is 2.8 ± 0.2 mBq l−1 and the highest is 56.3 ± 0.7 mBq l−1 while the 210Pb concentrations are in the range from 2.8 ± 0.2 to 44.0 ± 1.7 mBq l−1. The associated annual effective doses for adults jmrange from 3.5 ± 0.1 to 11.0 ± 0.2 µSv a−1 for 210Po and from 2.0 ± 0.1 to 5.0 ± 0.1 µSv a−1 for 210Pb. The lowest doses were noticed in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and the highest values were found in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The results show that the annual effective dose in individual provinces is not dangerous to health. However, there are significant differences between highly and lowly industrialized voivodeships.

210Po and 210Pb in forest mushrooms of genus Leccinum and topsoil from northern Poland and its contribution to the radiation dose

Wild growing mushrooms are traditional food items for man and also an important source of nutrients for small and big wildlife. Nevertheless, they can be species - specifically vulnerable for contamination with heavy metals and radionuclides. We studied a less known phenomenon of accumulation of highly toxic, the alpha-radiation emitter such as 210Po and the beta emitter 210Pb by three Leccinum mushrooms: orange oak bolete L. aurantiacum (Bull.) Gray (previous name Leccinum aurantiacum var. quercinum Pilát), foxy bolete L. vulpinum Watling and slate bolete L. duriusculum (Schulzer ex Kalchbr.) Singer. Fungal and soil materials were collected from areas of a different geochemical composition in the northern regions of Poland. In parallel evaluated was the risk to human consumer due to possible intake of 210Po and 210Pb with a mushroom meal. Results showed a heterogeneous distribution of 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrations within caps and stipes of fruiting bodies. Overall activity concentration for whole dried fungi material ranged from 0.59 ± 0.38 to 3.2 ± 0.2 Bq 210Po kg−1 and from 0.45 ± 0.04 to 3.1 ± 0.2 Bq 210Pb kg−1. Evaluation showed that Leccinum mushrooms consumed by locals in typical quantity of 0.5 kg (dry biomass) can contribute into annual effective radiation dose at 0.90–3.81 μSv from 210Po decay and 0.31–2.14 μSv from 210Pb decay, which is a small portion of the annual effective radiation dose of 210Po and 210Pb for human inhabiting the northern regions of Poland.

Occurrence of 210Po in periwinkle (Littorina undulata, Gray, 1839) collected from Kudankulam (Gulf of Mannar (GOM), Southeast coast of India)

Polonium-210 activity concentration was analysed in the whole body tissue of periwinkle Littorina undulata collected from intertidal rocky shore along Kudankulam coast. We carried out the study for a period of 12months (2011–2012) focusing on three seasons. 210Po was found non-uniformly distributed among the periwinkles depending on the allometry. The 210Po accumulation showed a significant difference between seasons (p<0.05). Smaller sized winkles registered higher activity of 210Po compared to larger ones (p<0.05). The overall activity range of 210Po varied from 13.5 to 58.9Bq/kg (wet). The activity of 210Po was also quantified in seawater and intertidal sediments to calculate the biological concentration factor (BCF) and radiation dose rate. The dose rate to the winkles was performed using ERICA Assessment Tool and it was within the prescribed limit. The intake of 210Po through periwinkles delivered an effective dose in the range of 2.2–9.6μSv/y to human beings.

Dose estimates for the local inhabitants from 210Po ingestion via dietary sources at a proposed uranium mining site in India

Purpose: To study the distribution of 210Po activity in food in Bagjata in East Singhbhum, India.Materials and methods: 210Po were analyzed in the food samples of plant origin such as cereals, pulses, fruits, vegetables and food of animal origin such fish, chicken, egg, etc., in and around Bagjata uranium mining area as a part of baseline study after acid digestion. The intake and ingestion dose of the radionuclide was estimated.Results: The general range of 210Po activity in all the dietary components ranged widely from <0.2–36 Bqkg-1fresh. In the food of plant origin, the minimum activity of 210Po was estimated in vegetables while maximum in pulses. In food of animal origin, the observed minimum activity of 210Po was in eggs and the maximum observed was in chicken samples. The intake of 210Po considering all dietary components was found to be 464 Bq.Y-1 while the ingestion dose was calculated to be 557 μSv.Y-1, respectively. The estimated doses are reflecting the natural background dose via the route of ingestion, which is much below the 1 mSv limit set in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations.Conclusion: The study confirms that current levels of 210Po do not pose a significant radiological risk to the local inhabitants.

Concentrations of 210Po in fish and shellfish from southern region of Japan and evaluation of 210Po intake from seafood for Japanese people

Abstract Concentrations of 210Po in fish and shellfish, mostly collected from southern region of Japan were analyzed. Values ranged from 0.2 to 229 Bq/kg fresh weight and higher concentrations were observed in samples analyzed with viscera. Intake of 210Po through fish and shellfish was evaluated at different Japanese cities based on statistical consumption data. Phytoplankton, Heterosigma akashiwo was collected during a harmful algal bloom and 210Po was analyzed. The phytoplankton occupied only 4.4% of 210Po in seawater and a large fraction of 210Po was observed in the particulate form.

Intake of 210Po, 234U and 238U radionuclides with wine in Italy

238U, 234U and 210Po activity concentration was determined in 70 samples of red and white wine coming from 16 Italian regions. The radionuclides were determined by alpha spectrometry after separation. The results show that the mean concentrations of 238U, 234U and 210Po were 3.63 × 10 −3 ± 2.19 × 10 −3, 4.41 × 10 −3 ± 3.10 × 10 −3 and 6.85 × 10 −2 ± 3.79 × 10 −2 Bq L −1 for red wine and 5.08 × 10 −3 ± 4.20 × 10 −3, 5.59 × 10 −3 ± 8.49 × 10 −3 and 3.92 × 10 −2 ± 2.63 × 10 −2 Bq L −1 for white wine, respectively. The effective radiation dose due to the uranium and polonium ingestions by wine (0.5 l per day) ranges from 2.68 × 10 −4 to 4.91 × 10 −2 mSv year −1.

Assessment of 210Po in foodstuffs consumed in Korea

210Po in the daily diet in Korea was analyzed and the ingestion dose from an intake of 210Po was estimated by considering the dietary habit of a Korean person. The 210Po concentrations of a leafy vegetable (0.36 Bq·kg−1 for lettuce) in the terrestrial food were higher than those of grain, whereas Chinese cabbage had a lesser 210Po concentration (0.019 Bq·kg−1). The 210Po concentration of the animal product was similar to those detected in the grain and vegetable. The 210Po concentrations in the shell and crustaceous were high from 19.1 to 33.0 Bq·kg−1, however, its value fell in the overall range of the reported values. The effective dose from 210Po for an adult from the Korean population was about 269.4 μSv·y−1. Nearly 80% of the ingestion dose from the intake of 210Po was attributed to the consumption of seafood. It suggests that the marine food ingestion is a critical pathway for natural 210Po to the Korean population.

Dosimetry of 210Po in humans, caribou, and wolves in northern Canada.

Effective doses from 210Po intake with caribou meat were determined for human residents in Baker Lake and Snowdrift in the Northwest Territories of Canada and compared to doses calculated from reported 210Po tissue activities in Alaskan and British residents (Hill 1966; Blanchard and Moore 1971). Effective doses were calculated to separate body tissues, using ICRP 60 human weighting factors and the ICRP 30 metabolic model for 210Po. Baker Lake and Alaskan effective doses were similar at 0.4 mSv y-1 and slightly higher than Snowdrift doses (0.3 mSv y-1). Alaskan tissue activities indicated higher effective doses to liver, bone surfaces and red marrow and lower doses to spleen than the 210Po metabolic model (ICRP 1979a) predicts. Effective doses to Baker Lake and Snowdrift caribou and wolves, calculated from tissue activities, ranged from 7-20 mSv y-1, using human weighting factors for comparison to human doses only. Effective doses to northern Canadians and wildlife were, respectively, 7-11% and 1.8-5 times an estimated human background of 4 mSv y-1 from all sources.

210Pb and 210Po content in air, water, foodstuffs, and the human body.

Concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in air, drinking water, foodstuffs, and human tissues are reported. The main route of 210Pb and 210Po intake in the human body is ingestion with foodstuffs. The absorption coefficient of 210Po into the blood from the digestive tract was estimated to be 35%. The highest concentration of 210Pb and 210Po in the body was observed in the skeleton and hair. The body burden of humans was 773 pCi of 210Pb and 513 pCi of 210Po. Excretion of these radionuclides from the body in urine was 14 to 15 times less than in feces. The calculated annual radiation doses of 710Po in the bone, liver, and kidneys were 2.1 to 5.0 millirad/yr, and in other soft tissues, 0.3 to 0.9 millirad/yr.