Insulin Resistance In Young Women Research Articles

Analysis of factors associated with insulin resistance in young women: A cross-sectional study

Analysis of factors associated with insulin resistance in young women: A cross-sectional study

Insulin resistance and Oxidant-Antioxidant Markers in Young Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Introduction: Oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) may contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). IR promotes hyperglycaemia, which may increase the production of reactive oxygen species and decrease in antioxidant levels in PCOS. Aim: To investigate the oxidant-antioxidant status and its association with insulin resistance in young women with PCOS.Materials and methods: The present study involved two groups, PCOS (n = 55) and age and BMI matched controls (n = 55). Serum levels of various oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured using spectrophotometric assays. HOMA-IR method was used to assess the insulin resistance. Results were analysed to compare and correlate insulin resistance with these oxidative stress markers. Results: PCOS group had significantly higher MDA and lower TAC activity, SOD, catalase levels than the control group (p < 0.001). PCOS patients with IR had significantly higher MDA, while SOD, catalase, TAC levels lower than the PCOS patients without IR (p< 0.001). Infertile PCOS patients had significantly higher MDA, and lower SOD, catalase, TAC level than the fertile PCOS patients (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant and positive correlation between HOMA-IR and MDA levels, whereas HOMA-IR showed statistically significant negative correlation with SOD, catalase and TAC levels. onclusion: Our findings suggest that young PCOS women may experience oxidative stress due to insulin resistance. As a result, the existence of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and oxidative damage in PCOS is likely to hasten the gradual progression of cardiovascular disease.

Efficacy of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol combination on menstrual cycle regulation and improving insulin resistance in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized open-label study.

To compare the effect of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol in combination (MI+DCI) with combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) on menstrual cycle regulation in young Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Seventy young women with PCOS aged 15-24years with delayed cycles were randomized into two groups and were treated for 6months with MI+DCI (550+150mg, 3.6:1 ratio) twice a day and CHC (ethinyl estradiol 20µg+drospirenone 3mg) once a day. Spontaneous menses resumed in 28 (84.85%) young women on MI+DCI, compared with withdrawal bleeding in 34 (100%) on CHC. The mean cycle length reduced with both MI+DCI (124.54±8.08 to 57.75±3.00days, P<0.001) and CHC (105.88±7.96 to 30.53±2.95days, P<0.001). Regular menstrual cycles were established in 9 (27.27%) young women with MI+DCI (P=0.001) and 30 (88.23%) with CHC (P<0.001). Three months after stopping the treatment, 24 young women (85.71%) on MI+DCI and 25 (73.53%) on CHC continued to have spontaneous cycles. Anti-Müllerian hormone decreased with both the drugs (P=0.001), whereas luteinizing hormone (P=0.001) and testosterone (P=0.04) decreased with CHC and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P<0.001) with MI+DCI. Myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol in combination (3.6:1 ratio) are effective in regularizing menstrual cycles and improving insulin resistance. Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2018/03/012643). http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=20969&EncHid=&userName=myo-inositol.

SUN-020 Waist Circumference Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Young Korean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder and associated with metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance (IR) and obesity which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have shown that waist circumference (WC) representing abdominal obesity is an important risk factor for IR. However, there were few studies whether WC were associated with IR in young women with PCOS. We aimed to evaluate the role of WC in IR among young Korean women with PCOS. We enrolled age- and body mass index-matched women with PCOS (n = 100) and controls (n = 100). WC was measured and the 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the Stumvoll index which was calculated from an OGTT. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between WC and IR. WC, fasting glucose, post-load 2-hour glucose, fasting insulin, and post-load 2-hour insulin did not differ between women with PCOS and controls. Women with PCOS had lower values of the Stumvoll index than the controls. In correlation analysis, WC was negatively correlated with the Stumvoll index in women with PCOS, however not in controls. In multiple regression analysis, WC was negatively associated with the Stumvoll index even after adjustment for age, total cholesterol, and total testosterone in women with PCOS. In young Korean women with PCOS, WC was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity independent of hyperandrogenemia. Simply measuring of WC could be used to screen the high risk group having IR in young women with PCOS.

The relationship between total body fat and distribution of body fat mass and markers of insulin resistance in young women with normal weight — a pilot study

The relationship between total body fat and distribution of body fat mass and markers of insulin resistance in young women with normal weight — a pilot study

Endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in young women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

To evaluate whether there is a correlation between insulin resistance and nitric oxide-related endothelial dysfunction in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The study was conducted with 25 young women with PCOS and 25 young healthy women, between 18 and 35 years of age. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels, serum nitric oxide (NO) levels, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) rates were measured in both the patient and control groups. Plasma ADMA levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients than in the controls (P = 0.001). Serum NO levels were significantly lower in patients than in the controls (P = 0.008). The HOMA-IR rates, accepted as an insulin resistance parameter, were significantly higher in patients than in the controls (P = 0.001). Results of the present study indicate that, independent of age, body mass index, and blood lipid profile, there is significant insulin resistance in PCOS patients. However, no correlation was found between HOMA-IR as an insulin resistance determinant and altered ADMA and NO levels. This finding may indicate that there are additional mechanisms of cardiovascular risks in PCOS patients other than insulin resistance.

The visceral adiposity index as a predictor of insulin resistance in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Visceral fat accumulation is more strongly related to insulin resistance than to excess total adiposity. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) has recently been suggested as an indicator of the visceral adiposity measured by magnetic resonance imaging. To evaluate whether the VAI could replace visceral computed tomography (CT) scanning and predict insulin resistance in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was presented. One hundred and eighty Korean women aged 16-41 years who were diagnosed with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria were included. The VAI was derived from a formula using body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Visceral adiposity was defined as a visceral fat area (VFA) measuring > 100 cm(2) by CT scanning. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by insulin-mediated glucose utilization (M value), which was obtained using a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The VAI positively correlated with VFA, the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and negatively correlated with the M value. In a linear regression analysis, the VAI was an independent determinant of the insulin sensitivity after controlling for age, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and testosterone levels. In a logistic regression analysis, the VAI odds ratio was 3.5 (95% CI 1.2-9.8) for predicting visceral adiposity after controlling for the various metabolic parameters and testosterone. The VAI can replace visceral CT scanning as a marker for visceral adiposity, and it predicts insulin resistance in young women with PCOS.

Prevalence and clinical profile of insulin resistance in young women of poly cystic ovary syndrome: A study from Pakistan

The aim was to estimate the prevalence of Insulin Resistance (IR) in Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and analyze its clinical parameters. This observational study was conducted at Dow University Hospital during June 2011 till May 2012. Patients of PCOS were selected, an anthropometric measurement, examination and fasting blood test for sugar (FBS) and insulin was performed. Data was collected on pre designed questionnaire, was analyzed by SPSS version 16. Forty-six cases of PCOS were included in the study. Prevalence of IR was 34.78%. Mean age of patients was 23.72 ± 4.37 years. Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) was raised in 42 (91.30%), acanthosis was found in 26(56.50%), impaired FBS was seen in 9 (19.6%) and raised fasting insulin in 16 (34.8%) patients. There was significant association between acanthosis and WHR (0.044) and between acanthosis and FBS (0.008). Correlation studies between parameters showed a significant correlation between Waist & Hips (0.93), similarly Waist & WHR showed positive correlation (0.59), at p< 0.01. Significant positive correlation was also found between waist and FBS (0.32) and FBS & WHR (0.378). Acanthosis nigrican, raised WHR and FBS are significant parameters for insulin resistance in cases of Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Association of subclinical hypothyroidism and phenotype, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome

To determine whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) alters the phenotype, insulin resistance, or lipid parameters in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Prospective case-control study. Tertiary care setting. Sixty-two young women with PCOS and SCH (group I) and 291 euthyroid women with PCOS (group II). Recording of clinical, biochemical, hormonal profile, and parameters of insulin resistance. Whether SCH has any association with clinical parameters like hirsutism, menstrual disturbances, lipid profile, and parameters of insulin sensitivity. Mean (±SD) TSH was 7.13±1.28 IU/L in group I and 2.51±1.21 IU/L in group II, with comparable free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine. The two groups were comparable in age, weight, and body mass index. Parameters like blood pressure, menstrual pattern, and degree and duration of hirsutism did not differ between the two groups. Serum concentrations of triglycerides were significantly higher in the SCH group compared with controls. Plasma glucose concentrations both in fasting and after oral glucose tolerance test were similar between the two groups. Fasting insulin and other parameters of insulin resistance were not altered by SCH. Mild TSH elevation in the face of normal serum free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine results in a mild increase in serum lipids. Subclinical hypothyroidism is not associated with alteration in phenotypic expression and insulin resistance in young women with PCOS.

Endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Implications of body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance

Evidence regarding endothelial function in both obese and nonobese women with PCOS is contradictory. It is unknown whether obese women with PCOS carry an increased risk related to body mass index (BMI). To identify endothelial function and investigate its relationship to body mass index and insulin resistance in young women with PCOS. Twenty-two obese women with PCOS (BMI 35.2 ± 3.2) as well as fourteen lean women (BMI 22.8 ± 2.1)with PCOS were included in the study. Fasting serum insulin, blood glucose were estimated and HOMA and Quicki index were calculated. All patients were subjected to ultrasound recording of brachial artery diameter at rest and after reactive hyperemia (FMD) for assessment of endothelial function. Ten age matched healthy females with normal BMI were chosen as a control group. There were higher basal insulin levels with lower Quicki index and higher HOMA index in women with PCOS than normal group, but the differences were significant only between obese PCOS subgroup and control. On the other hand, FMD was significantly and equally decreased in both groups of women with PCOS, compared with control subjects (3.7 ± 3.2% in the nonobese subgroup and 3.5 ± 2.8% in the obese one vs. 10.6 ± 4.1% in control subjects, P, 0.001). FMD was not correlated with BMI nor insulin resistance indices. Endothelial dysfunction is already present in young women with PCOS. In this patient group, it cannot be attributed to insulin resistance or obesity.

Assessment of insulin resistance in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objectives: To determine whether serum levels of potential markers could detect insulin resistance (IR) in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin, intact proinsulin, resistin, and adiponectin were measured in 50 women with PCOS and known homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR values (≥ 2 indicating IR). The women were all younger than 25 years. Results: Of the 50 women, 49 had undetectable levels of resistin, 50 had intact proinsulin levels within the normal range, and 50 had adiponectin levels of 8.4 ± 3.3 mg/L, just below the normal range. When groups were compared, however, the 26 women (52%) with IR (HOMA-IR values ≥ 2) had significantly higher intact proinsulin levels (3.2 ± 2.0 pmol/L vs 1.8 ± 1.0 pmol/L; P < 0.005) and significantly lower adiponectin levels (7.2 ± 2.9 mg/L vs 9.7 ± 3.3 mg/L; P < 0.01), than the 24 women (48%) without IR. Conclusion: Serum levels of intact proinsulin, resistin, or adiponectin were not detectors of IR in individual young women with PCOS.

The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women

To determine the effects of a 15-week high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) program on subcutaneous and trunk fat and insulin resistance of young women. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: HIIE (n=15), steady-state exercise (SSE; n=15) or control (CONT; n=15). HIIE and SSE groups underwent a 15-week exercise intervention. Forty-five women with a mean BMI of 23.2+/-2.0 kg m(-2) and age of 20.2+/-2.0 years. Both exercise groups demonstrated a significant improvement (P<0.05) in cardiovascular fitness. However, only the HIIE group had a significant reduction in total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM), trunk fat and fasting plasma insulin levels. There was significant fat loss (P<0.05) in legs compared to arms in the HIIE group only. Lean compared to overweight women lost less fat after HIIE. Decreases in leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with increases in VO(2peak) (r=-0.57, P<0.05) and positively correlated with decreases in TBM (r=0.47; P<0.0001). There was no significant change in adiponectin levels after training. HIIE three times per week for 15 weeks compared to the same frequency of SSE exercise was associated with significant reductions in total body fat, subcutaneous leg and trunk fat, and insulin resistance in young women.

Rosiglitazone improves insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome

Original article Tarkun et al. (2005) Effect of rosiglitazone on insulin resistance, C-reactive protein and endothelial function in non-obese young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 153: 115–121 PubMed Studies have shown a link between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), who have high serum concentrations of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and increased cardiovascular risk.

Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in young women

Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in young women

Impaired glucose transport and insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in skeletal muscle from obese women with gestational diabetes.

Women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have severe insulin resistance and markedly increased risk to develop subsequent type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effects of pregnancy and GDM on glucose transport activity and the expression and phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 in human skeletal muscle fiber strips in vitro. Rectus abdominis muscle biopsies were obtained at the time of cesarean section from 11 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (pregnant control), 7 pregnant women with GDM, and 11 nonpregnant women undergoing elective surgery (nonpregnant control). Subjects were matched for age and similar degree of obesity. The rate of maximal insulin (10(-7) mol/l)-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose transport was reduced by 32% (P < 0.05) in muscle strips from the pregnant control group and even further in GDM subjects by 54% (P < 0.05 vs. pregnant control). The maximal effect of insulin on tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor was 37% lower (P < 0.05) in GDM subjects than in pregnant control subjects and was not related to changes in the abundance of the insulin receptor. Compared with nonpregnant control subjects, maximal insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly lower by 59 +/- 24% (mean +/- SD) (P < 0.05) and 62 +/- 28% (P < 0.05) in pregnant control and GDM subjects, respectively. This was reflected by a 23% (P < 0.05) and 44% (P < 0.002) reduction in IRS-1 protein levels in muscle from pregnant control and GDM subjects. Both pregnant control and GDM subjects exhibited a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in the levels of IRS-2 (P < 0.01) and p85alpha regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase (P < 0.05), despite reduced glucose transport activity. These data indicate that insulin resistance to glucose transport during pregnancy is uniquely associated with a decrease in IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, primarily due to decreased expression of IRS-1 protein. However, in GDM subjects, a decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor beta-subunit is associated with further decreases in glucose transport activity. Thus, impaired insulin receptor autophosphorylation is an important early distinction underlying muscle insulin resistance in young women with GDM, and it may underlie future risk for the development of type 2 diabetes.