Insufficient Materials Research Articles

Factors Associated with Carbohydrate Counting Adherence in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil

Background: Carbohydrate Counting (CC) is important in managing the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with adherence to CC in adults with T1DM in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire. Information was collected on sociodemographic, economic, clinical, and anthropometric factors; knowledge of the CC strategy; the acquisition of supplies; the perception of mathematical skills as a hurdle in adhering to CC; and follow-up with healthcare professionals. Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test was applied (p < 0.05). Results: Of the 173 participants, 72.8% practiced CC. Practicing CC was associated with having an income higher than three minimum wage equivalents (p = 0.023), and not practicing CC due to the lack of supplies for glucose monitoring was associated with having practiced CC at some point but is currently not practicing (p < 0.001). Not practicing the necessary calculations for CC was associated with “knowing how to do CC but had never done it” and “had done CC at some point but currently not practicing” (p < 0.001). Stopping or having stopped practicing CC due to insufficient materials for glucose monitoring was associated with having practiced CC for a period but is not currently doing so (p < 0.001). Following up with healthcare professionals (p < 0.001) and receiving encouragement from the endocrinologist (p < 0.001) and nutritionist (p = 0.047) were associated with adherence to CC. Conclusions: Having a better financial status, performing the mathematical calculations required for CC, having access to supplies for glucose monitoring, and receiving specialized professional follow-up were factors associated with adherence to CC in Brazil.

Overcoming Learning Barriers in Faraid Education for Improved Student Outcomes

General Background: Pondok Pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) are vital for character and knowledge development in Indonesia, especially in the study of faraid (Islamic inheritance law). Specific Background: At Wali Barokah Islamic Boarding School in Kediri City, students face obstacles such as ineffective teaching methods, limited resources, and challenges in understanding Arabic texts. Knowledge Gap: Existing research has not thoroughly analyzed these specific barriers and their impact on learning outcomes. Aims: This study identifies the obstacles faced in faraid education and offers strategic recommendations for improvement. Results: Using qualitative methods, the research reveals that methodological issues, insufficient materials, and rigid teaching styles significantly hinder student understanding and motivation. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the barriers affecting faraid learning. Implications: It highlights the need for adaptive teaching methods and improved resources to enhance student engagement and comprehension, ultimately fostering competent graduates in accordance with Islamic law. Highlights: Ineffective Teaching Methods: Predominantly traditional approaches lead to student disengagement and reduced comprehension. Language Challenges: Difficulties in understanding Arabic texts hinder students' ability to grasp complex concepts in faraid. Resource Limitations: Insufficient learning materials negatively impact the applicability and relevance of the knowledge acquired by students. Keywords: Faraid Knowledge, Islamic Boarding School, Learning Obstacles, Teaching Methods, Student Motivation

Vegetation and environmental changes on the Northeast China Plain during warm periods since MIS 3

Understanding past terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate changes is vital for future predictions, but research in densely populated plains is limited due to insufficient materials. This study focuses on vegetation and environmental changes in the Northeast China Plain since Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3 using pollen analysis from core WCZK03. The findings reveal significant shifts in vegetation that correspond to climatic events. During MIS 3 (52–29 cal ka BP), the region was predominantly a lake environment with vegetation transitioning from grassland dominated by Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia to conifer-broadleaf mixed forests as the climate ameliorated. The Last Glacial Maximum (29–17 cal ka BP) was characterized by loess deposits, followed by drought-tolerant grassland (17.0–11.3 cal ka BP) dominated by Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae in the plain. The onset of the Holocene witnessed the expansion of conifer and broad-leaved deciduous forests in hilly areas and the retreat of grassland in the plain. The sedimentary sequence shows transitions from fluvial-lacustrine deposits to loess-like and black soil deposits, showing significant environmental changes. This study suggests that changes in vegetation on the Northeast China Plain were closely related to regional climate patterns and were more responsive to climate changes than the surrounding mountainous areas.

The Relationship between the Actual Implementation of the "English for Iraq" Curriculum and Teachers' Intentions, and Perceptions in Iraqi EFL Preparatory Schools

This study investigates the intentions, perceptions, and actual implementation of an innovative English curriculum among preparatory school EFL teachers in Iraq. The research recognizes the growing importance of English globally and Iraq's efforts to enhance English language education and implement an appropriate innovative curriculum. However, the implementation of a new curriculum poses significant challenges related to teachers' knowledge, intention, and academic culture. The study focuses on understanding the relationship between curriculum intentions, teachers' perceptions, and the actual implementation of the curriculum. The study also explores how teachers' intention, culture, and other factors influence the implementation of the curriculum. Data were collected through a combination of vignettes, semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and follow-up interviews with a random sample of 10 male teachers from 10 preparatory schools in Babylon Governorate during the 2023-2024 school years. The results indicated that teachers are enthusiastic about the new curriculum, but its effective implementation faces many challenges. Teachers recognize the potential of the curriculum, but suffer from insufficient materials and overcrowded classrooms that hinder optimal teaching and learning. The study emphasizes that in order to successfully implement the curriculum, through continuous professional development and strong support systems, there must be ongoing professional development and strong support systems, ongoing training programs can help teachers adapt to the new curriculum, and the provision of resources, teaching aids, and manageable class size can create a more conducive learning environment, leading to better learning outcomes.

Cross-sectional study of pharmacists’ knowledge and beliefs about human papillomavirus, its vaccines, and barriers related to vaccine administration

Abstract Background The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is not currently included in the national immunization program in Jordan. The rising prevalence of cervical cancer in Jordan highlights the necessity for a novel approach to boost HPV vaccination rates. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and potential barriers concerning HPV and HPV vaccine administration in community pharmacies. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted in Jordan between July and September 2023, involved community pharmacists. Using a convenience sampling approach, one author visited various community pharmacies to distribute and collect questionnaires. A total knowledge score, out of a possible 10 points, and a belief score out of 40 were calculated for each pharmacists. Additionally, the study examined factors that may influence participants’ knowledge and belief levels. Results A total of 302 community pharmacists took part in the survey, with approximately two-thirds of the participants being female (n = 230, 76.2%). The average knowledge score about HPV was 2.7 out of 10 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.8), and linear regression analysis indicated no significant relationship between pharmacists’ knowledge about HPV and the factors studied, such as age, gender, area of pharmacy, and the acquired degree. In terms of beliefs, findings revealed that 63.2% supported an expanded role for community pharmacists in HPV vaccination. Three main barriers were identified: lack of parental knowledge (n = 218, 72.2%), insufficient educational materials for parents (n = 206, 68.2%), and inadequate provider knowledge (n = 201, 66.6%). Conclusions In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the knowledge, beliefs, and challenges surrounding HPV and HPV vaccination among community pharmacists in Jordan. To enhance the involvement of community pharmacists in promoting HPV vaccination and aiding in the prevention of HPV-related illnesses, it is crucial to address the identified knowledge gaps and obstacles.

Plant-Based Shape Memory Cryogel for Hemorrhage Control.

The escalating global demand for sustainable manufacturing, motivated by concerns over energy conservation and carbon footprints, encounters challenges due to insufficient renewable materials and arduous fabrication procedures to fulfill specific requirements in medical and healthcare systems. Here, biosafe pollen cryogel is engineered as effective hemostats without additional harmful crosslinkers to treat deep noncompressible wounds. A straightforward and low-energy approach is involved in forming stable macroporous cryogel, benefiting from the unique micro-hierarchical structures and chemical components of non-allergenic plant pollen. It is demonstrated that the pollen cryogel exhibits rapid water/blood-triggered shape-memory properties within 2 s. Owing to their inherent nano/micro hierarchical structure and abundant chemical functional groups on the pollen surface, the pollen cryogel shows effective hemostatic performance in a mouse liver penetration model, which is easily removed after usage. Overall, the self-crosslinking pollen cryogel in this work pioneers a framework of potential clinical applications for the first-hand treatment on deep noncompressible wounds.

ASSESSING THE PROFITABILITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED WOOD FURNITURE BUSINESSES IN ETHIOPIA

This study focuses on the issue of profitability within the small and medium wood industries in Ethiopia. Profitability stands as a cornerstone for the advancement of contemporary industries and is a pressing concern for policymakers. The primary aim of this study is to determine the level of profitability and the factors influencing it in small and medium-scale wood enterprises. To conduct the study, four key cities - Addis Ababa, Bahir Dar, Hawassa, and Jima - were purposively selected. Data were gathered from 170 industries across these cities and subjected to analysis, yielding pertinent results. As expected, the wood industries in Ethiopia lacking profitability and among the 170 surveyed, 59.4% industries were not profitable. This is because majority of workers in Ethiopia's wood industry lack formal or on-the-job training both prior to and during employment. Moreover, the machinery and equipment they operate are outdated, and they lack the necessary skills for their proper utilization. Additionally, challenges such as insufficient raw materials, limited capital, and poor market connections were identified as significant obstacles to profitability. To tackle these challenges and bolster profitability, continuous technical and managerial training for workers, financial assistance for acquiring modern machinery, enhancements in production processes, sales strategies, and market linkage facilitation are recommended.

Patient satisfaction with letter-based communication of LCS pulmonary nodule results.

To analyze patient satisfaction with letter-based communication of lung cancer screening (LCS) pulmonary nodule results. Prospective randomized controlled trial of LCS between May and December 2019. All participants came from a prospective randomized controlled study on pulmonary nodule results in LCS with low-dose CT (LDCT) to analyze patient satisfaction, perception of information received via letters, preferred methods of receiving results, and dissatisfaction-relatedcharacteristics. A total of 153 patients were detected to have pulmonary nodules among 600 recruited participants in the lung cancer high-risk group screened using LDCT. Most of the patients were satisfied with receiving pulmonary nodule results via letters (78.4%; n = 120) and agreed that the letters contained an appropriate amount of information (83.7%; n = 128). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that satisfaction was related to age (OR, 0.905; 95% CI, 0.832-0.985), education level (OR, 0.367; 95% CI, 0.041-3.250), no family history of cancer (OR, 0.100; 95% CI, 0.011-0.914), and the number of nodules (OR, 6.028; 95% CI, 1.641-22.141). Of the patients who reported dissatisfaction with letter-based communication (7.2%; n = 11), the most common reasons cited were that they contained insufficient patient education materials and that it was difficult to comprehend the medical terminology. The majority of participants (61.4%; n = 94) reported that they would prefer the letter-based communication. No correlation was identified between satisfaction and gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, risk factors, nodule size, or nodule location. Patients were generally satisfied with receiving their LCS pulmonary nodule results via letters, reporting that the letters included adequate information about their diagnosis and follow-up steps. This may provide a basis for feasible result communication via letters for cancer screening programs in underdeveloped regions inChina.

Vitality of Lembak Language Bengkulu City in the Dynamics of Contemporary Society

This study explored the current situation and challenges facing the preservation of the Lembak language among the Lembak ethnic group in Bengkulu City. With globalization and modernization, there were concerns about keeping indigenous languages like Lembak alive, especially with the influence of dominant languages. The study aimed to evaluate the vitality of the Lembak language, identify factors contributing to its preservation or decline, and provide recommendations for its sustained maintenance amid the continuously changing societal dynamics. Employing a mixed-method approach, the methodology encompassed cluster sampling for a survey comprising 210 respondents drawn from seven neighborhoods across three districts in Bengkulu City, alongside purposive sampling for interviews involving 36 respondents from diverse demographic strata encompassing varying age groups and occupational backgrounds, including parents, teachers, and students, all of whom were native Lembak speakers. Findings revealed an average vitality index of 0.38 for the Lembak language, signifying its endangered status. While the language remained prevalent among older age groups limited in their community, its usage notably declined among younger generations, partially due to language contact and a preference for dominant languages. This situation is exacerbated by the lack of formal support and promotion from the government, absence of official backing, insufficient formal teaching materials, minimal language documentation, and the necessity for the Lembak language to adapt to the new challenges of the digital era to remain relevant and develop.To ensure the Lembak language survives, it was suggested to raise awareness, improve education, and gain support from the government and other groups.

Experiences of Technology and Livelihood Education Teachers in the Division of Davao Del Norte: A Phenomenological Study

The goal of the Philippine educational system's integration of technology and livelihood education (TLE) is to provide students with information and abilities that apply to a variety of career domains. The backgrounds and skill sets of TLE's teachers, who are essential in transforming curriculum objectives into stimulating learning experiences for students, have a significant impact on the program's effectiveness. Hence, this study explored and described the lived experiences of teachers teaching technology and livelihood education in the Division of Davao del Norte. It aimed to go deeper into their experiences, coping strategies, and significant insights. This study was conducted and limited to the personal responses of the participants from the Division of Davao Del Norte, comprising seven (7) teachers. This study was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data was collected using interviews, which were coded and analyzed for themes. Results revealed that participants' experiences of the study emerged in two main themes: insufficient materials, equipment, and skills. Meanwhile, when it comes to coping with the challenges encountered by TLE teachers in the Division of Davao del Norte, three major themes were formulated: pedagogical diversity, technology integration, and training and seminars. On the other hand, the participants in this study shared their insights and suggestions when it comes to teaching TLE subjects. Out of the common insights, three themes emerge. It includes pedagogical adaptability, resource optimization, and professional development. Thus, further approaches to solving the aforementioned issues may be investigated by researchers in the future. They can also examine the long-term impacts of improved resources and teacher training on student outcomes in TLE subjects. Further, they may investigate best practices in TLE instruction from various regions and countries and explore their applicability in the local context.

Effect of Climate Change on Sustainability of Cassava Production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Over time, climate change has negatively influenced cassava production affecting yield and output of farmers. This has also affected the economic returns from cassava farming. A total of 78 cassava farmers were drawn using purposive sampling technique. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire and were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and ordinary least square multiple regression model. Results shows that majority of the cassava farmers were male (67.9%), married (56.4%), experienced (70.5%) with a productive age of 55 years. Majority of the cassava farmers, (55.1%) perceived that cassava production in the area was highly sustainable as against 17.9% of the cassava farmers that differed. The identified climate change hazards on cassava production were decreased cassava yield (61.5%), reduced income (97.4%), land degradation (84.6%), increased pest and disease problems (65.4%), drought and water scarcity (88.5%), and increased production costs (97.4%). Temperature (P<0.01), rainfall (P<0.01), and number of rainy days (P<0.05) impacted cassava production negatively, while sunshine hours (P<0.05), and relative humidity (P<0.01) positively impacted cassava production. Insufficient planting materials (98.7%), soil fertility issues (91.0%), insufficient or irregular rainfall (89.7%), limited access to credit or financial resources (87.2%), high costs of inputs (100%), and low yields (75.6%) constrained cassava production in the area. Farmers should seek early climate change information from nearest metrological centers in their locality to mitigate adverse effects of climate change on cassava production.

Investigation into the Challenges Experienced by School Management Teams (SMTs) Post-Pandemic in Rural High Schools in the Mopani-West Education District

The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges faced by SMTs in dealing with poor academic performance in the Mopani-West District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Studies have indicated that schools in rural areas fail to meet their full potential due to a combination of factors including insufficient instructional resources, shortage of qualified educators, insufficient infrastructure, and poverty and inequality. The study adopted a qualitative approach following an interpretative case study design. Using purposive sampling a total of 18 participants, comprising six principals, six departmental heads, and six learners who met the research criteria were selected. The study sample included one principal, one departmental head, and one learner from each of these six schools in the Mopani-West District. Three schools from the sample were identified as high-performing, while the other three were identified as underperforming. Data were elicited using semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic data analysis to unveil rich narratives and patterns within the research inquiries. The findings of the study revealed that resource scarcity in schools significantly hampered the quality of education. Issues such as insufficient teaching materials, a shortage of teachers, and the absence of technology create stark disparities between less and more privileged schools. The study also highlighted the impact of inadequate infrastructure on learning as one of the pressing concerns that compromise quality teaching and learning. Recommendations were made accordingly.

Parents of children with Down syndrome reflect on their postnatal diagnoses, 2003-2022.

A 2003 survey revealed the scope of mothers' dissatisfaction with their postnatal support following a diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS). Substantial proportions of mothers reported that providers conveyed diagnoses with pity, emphasized negative aspects of DS, and neglected to provide adequate materials explaining DS. This study follows up on the 2003 survey by assessing whether parents' experiences have improved. Four DS nonprofit organizations, which participated in the original study, distributed a mixed-methods survey to families who have had children with DS between 2003 and 2022. Quantitative analysis assessed correlations among responses and differences between the 2003 and 2022 survey groups. Open-ended responses were qualitatively analyzed. Compared to the 2003 findings, parents' perceptions of their postnatal care have not improved (N = 89). Parents are increasingly likely to report that their providers pitied them, omitted positive aspects of DS, and provided insufficient materials describing DS. Substantial proportions of parents reported fear (77%) and anxiety (79%), only 24% described receiving adequate explanatory materials, and parents were 45% likelier to report that physicians discussed negative aspects of DS than positive aspects. Qualitatively, substantial numbers of parents recounted insensitive conduct by providers. These results suggest that despite interventions, parents' experiences of postnatal diagnoses of DS have not improved over time. Certain provider behaviors-such as describing positive aspects of DS and providing comprehensive explanatory materials-can reduce fear and anxiety, pointing to directions for reform.

Characteristics of facilitated critical thinking when students listen to and speak English as an additional language in Indonesia

This article presents a qualitative case study of a teacher facilitating Critical Thinking (CT) through listening and speaking in an English as an Additional Language (EAL) Year 10 Indonesian high school class. Such CT facilitation and development are required not only by the Indonesian government's EAL policies, but also in other countries with developing economies. CT is thought to promote language acquisition as well is being developed through language learning, if well-facilitated. This article presents a case study of a teacher and her class based on triangulated data comprising pre- and post-interviews with the teacher, student classroom observations and documents on lesson plans, content materials, syllabus and assessment practices. The findings revealed evidence for rich CT when analysed through the analytical framework of Critical Thinking in English Listening and Speaking (CTELS). However, factors were identified as obstacles for CT development, including first language interference, insufficient authentic content materials and constraints on the design of appropriate assessment tasks. These barriers to effective facilitation of CT in EAL listening and speaking form the basis for further investigation of the areas of CT in EAL listening and speaking pedagogy and assessment. Moreover, the CTELS shows promise to illuminate CT as evidenced by students and has the potential to guide teacher facilitation of CT.

Transiting from Units to Inclusive Education: Implication on Intellectual Disability Pupils’ Skills Development; Case Study at Dodoma City

The study explored of the transiting the pupils with intellectual disability from units to inclusive education in Dodoma city council, Tanzania. A field study research design was used to achieve the study objective. The sample of this study was purposively selected from thirty-six (36) primary schools. Created eight (8) participants which involved six (6) participants were special teachers in two units’ class means three 3 in Chinangali unit and others Mlezi unit, and two (2) participant were school heads in Chinangali and Mlezi an inclusive school. The study adopted a descriptive survey design where by qualitative approach used. Interview and observation were used to collect data. The findings revealed that high enrollment rate of children with intellectual disability in units, the teachers-pupil’s ratio insufficient, inadequate teaching and learning materials, and learning environment is not conducive. Therefore, it is recommended that special teachers, curriculum develop and addition building classes.

Exploring Literature Teaching Challenges Among Secondary Level School Teachers in a Rural Area of an English as a Second Language (L2) Country

This study aimed to address the need for more research in literature teaching, especially in an English as a Second Language (L2) context, and to consider often overlooked micro-geographical areas to improve education quality. Supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number four, this qualitative research explored the challenges faced by L2 public secondary school literature teachers (n=30) in Southern Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Participation was voluntary, with informed consent obtained, and confidentiality and anonymity ensured. The study found that teachers faced challenges such as low English proficiency among students, negative student attitudes, limited instructional time, and insufficient resources and materials. These findings suggest the need for significant changes in education to enhance language education in L2 countries, provide activities to improve students' attitudes towards literature, allocate adequate time for reading, and supply necessary learning materials and resources. Future research could involve a larger sample of literature teachers and compare the challenges of teaching literature in L1 and L2 contexts, as well as in urban and rural areas.

高麗·朝鮮時期漢語教材《忠義直言》的研究現狀與討論

First, regarding the study of “Zhong Yi Zhi Yan”(忠义直言) there are 14 articles on the grammar, 6 on versions, 2 on vocabulary, and 1 on education. It can be observed that currently, there is the most research on the grammar of “Zhong Yi Zhi Yan”, while research on vocabulary and education is still relatively insufficient. Second, before the discovery of “Zhong Yi Zhi Yan”, there was very little colloquial Chinese language data from the early Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the discovery of “Zhong Yi Zhi Yan” addresses the issue of insufficient linguistic materials in the diachronic study of Chinese grammar and vocabulary. Third, the written title “Zhong Yi Zhi Yan SHANG, ZHONG XIA”(忠义直言上中下) in “Zhong Yi Zhi Yan” was added by later generations during restoration. Fourth, according to the judgment of Wu Yong(吴庸), the author of “Zhong Yi Zhi Yan”，the composition time of this book can be estimated to be between 1370 and 1410. Fifth, the appearance of Classical Chinese grammar and vocabulary in “Zhong Yi Zhi Yan” is due to the residue from the process of translating from literary Chinese to spoken language. Sixth, “Zhong Yi Zhi Yan” is the closest to the spoken Mandarin of that time, serving as a unique educational material with functions in both Chinese language education and humanities education during the Goryeo and Joseon periods.

Development of a Pocket Book on Agloanema Plants on Students' Interest in Learning Biodiversity Material

The lack of student interest in learning biology regarding biodiversity, especially the aglaonema plant, is due to insufficient teaching materials and inappropriate use of media, so it is necessary to develop learning media to increase students' interest in learning. The aim of this research is to produce the book product Aglaonema Ornamental Plants to increase interest in studying biology with the theme of biodiversity in students at SMA Negeri 2 Medan. This research is development research or Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) development model. The subject of this research is the Aglaonema ornamental plant pocket book, while the object of this research is students' learning interests. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative analysis. The results of this research show that from the material expert validation process an average result was 3.35, the language expert validation obtained an average result of 3.7, and the design expert validation obtained a result of 3.5 and the interest in learning questionnaire data obtained 72.97%. or as many as 27 students in the very high category. So it can be concluded that the development product in the form of a pocket book on aglaonema ornamental plants is suitable and effective for use as a companion in learning which can increase students' interest in learning

SONGS FROM ENGLISH-LANGUAGE CARTOONS AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS INTO UKRAINIAN AND GERMAN

Background. Songs in the field of film publishing play an important role in the understanding of the main characters’ emotions and thoughts, conveying a specific atmosphere, or even serving as a substitute for dialogues and words. But in most cases, songs are not translated into other languages during the release of the film, forgetting that the song lyrics can play a key role or even carry the inherent opinion of the producer. Due to the great need for film art now, its development in society and further prospects, there is a problem with the appropriate translation of songs and with insufficient research and materials on this topic.
 The purpose of the article is to identify difficulties in translating songs and analyze translation transformations using the example of the lyrics of the song «How Far I'll Go» from the cartoon «Moana».
 Methods. Classification and comparative method for determining difficulties in translation; generalization of the received information; practical analysis of translation methods on the example of a song from the cartoon «Moana»; synthesis of translation difficulties with translation methods and classification of ways to translate a song in films and cartoons.
 Results. The most common difficulties in translating songs are lexical difficulties: correctly understand the latest words in the original language, choose a synonymous word or meaning from the translation language, and determine the correct interpretation of texts with abbreviations. It is also important to preserve the main meaning of the text, its rhyming, and take into account cultural features when translating a song. The translator also needs to have knowledge in the field of poetics and music to accurately translate the song text while preserving the opinion of the author of the original song and the musical drawing. Insufficient theoretical base forces translators not to translate the original song and leave it in the original, which leaves the viewer without understanding the song and its role in the film, which also causes the loss of emphasizing the feelings of the scenes and the main idea of the author.
 Discussion. Studying this topic of translating songs from cartoons allows us to conclude that songs are an important part of cinema, which studios in most cases neglect when translating films into other languages. Only knowledge of the theory of Translation Studies is not enough for translators for professional and adequate translation, so there is a problem of insufficient number of professional and qualified translators. The study also found that lexical constructions are used by translators quite often when translating songs and are the main translation tool. The need for knowledge of ways and methods of correct translation of song texts in the film industry requires scientists and researchers to draw attention to this problem and engage in active research in the direction of song translation, which means a great prospect for creating a new direction in the field of translation studies due to the demand and necessity of song translations in the film industry.

Latest progress in low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for studying exosomes derived from stem/progenitor cells.

Stem cells have self-renewal, replication, and multidirectional differentiation potential, while progenitor cells are undifferentiated, pluripotent or specialized stem cells. Stem/progenitor cells secrete various factors, such as cytokines, exosomes, non-coding RNAs, and proteins, and have a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine. However, therapies based on stem cells and their secreted exosomes present limitations, such as insufficient source materials, mature differentiation, and low transplantation success rates, and methods addressing these problems are urgently required. Ultrasound is gaining increasing attention as an emerging technology. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has mechanical, thermal, and cavitation effects and produces vibrational stimuli that can lead to a series of biochemical changes in organs, tissues, and cells, such as the release of extracellular bodies, cytokines, and other signals. These changes can alter the cellular microenvironment and affect biological behaviors, such as cell differentiation and proliferation. Here, we discuss the effects of LIPUS on the biological functions of stem/progenitor cells, exosomes, and non-coding RNAs, alterations involved in related pathways, various emerging applications, and future perspectives. We review the roles and mechanisms of LIPUS in stem/progenitor cells and exosomes with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of LIPUS and promoting research and development in this field.