Insufficient Vegetable Intake Research Articles

Clustering of lifestyle risk factors in relation to suicidal thoughts and behaviors in young adolescents: a cross-national study of 45 low- and middle-income countries

BackgroundPrior research has reaffirmed lifestyle risk behaviors to cluster among adolescents. However, the lifestyle cluster effect on suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) was unclear among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). No comparison of such associations was conducted across nations.MethodsData from 45 LMICs were obtained from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) between 2009 and 2019. Lifestyle behavior factors were collected through a structured questionnaire. Suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt were ascertained by three single-item questions. Lifestyle risk scores were calculated via a sufficient dimension reduction technique, and lifestyle risk clusters were constructed using a latent class analysis. Generalized linear mixed models with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the lifestyle-STB associations.ResultsA total of 229,041 adolescents were included in the final analysis. The weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt was 7.37%, 5.81%, and 4.59%, respectively. Compared with the favorable lifestyle group, the unfavorable group had 1.48-, 1.53-, and 3.11-fold greater odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.30–1.69), plan (OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.34–1.75), and attempt (OR = 3.11, 95%CI 2.64–3.65). Four clusters of lifestyle risk behaviors were identified, namely healthy lifestyles (H–L), insufficient intake of vegetables and fruit (V-F), frequent consumption of soft drinks and fast food (D-F), and tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking (S-A) clusters. Compared with H–L cluster, V-F cluster was associated with 43% and 42% higher odds of suicidal ideation and plan, followed by S-A cluster (26% for ideation and 20% for plan), but not significant in D-F cluster (P > 0.05). D-F cluster was associated with 2.85-fold increased odds of suicidal attempt, followed by V-F cluster (2.43-fold) and S-A cluster (1.18-fold).ConclusionsClustering of lifestyle risk behaviors is informative for risk stratification of STBs in resource-poor settings. Lifestyle-oriented suicide prevention efforts should be initiated among school-attending adolescents in LMICs.

Evaluating the dietary quality of 454 rural elderly aged 65 years and above in Luzhou City in 2023

To evaluate the dietary quality of the rural elderly aged 65 years and above. In February-March 2023, a convenience sampling method was adopted to select 454 rural elderly aged 65 years and above in a township of Luzhou City. The dietary survey was conducted using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ-25), and the questionnaire information was collected by face-to-face interviews. Dietary quality was evaluated using the Dietary Balance Index-16(DBI-16) score. The proportion of older people in the region with moderate and high dietary imbalances was 79.7%. Inadequate and excessive dietary intake coexisted. The average daily intake of cereals and potatoes and livestock and meat foods were 356.7 g and 76.2 g, exceeding the recommended intake. The average daily intake of fruit, milk and fish and shrimp intake was 22.8 g, 36 g and 3.7 g, respectively, which was only 10% of the recommended amount, and the intake was seriously insufficient. In addition, the degree of food diversity is relatively low, with most of the average daily intake of food types ranging from five to eight, and only 4.6% of the elderly having more than eight. A total of seven dietary patterns were found among the rural elderly in the region, including a certain degree of under-consumption pattern, a severe under-consumption pattern, a certain degree of over-consumption pattern, and a pattern of both under-consumption and over-consumption. That was dominated by the pattern of severe underconsumption and the pattern of some degree of underconsumption and higher degree of overconsumption, which accounted for 72.3% of the total. The rural elderly aged 65 years and above in Luzhou City have a serious dietary imbalance, with a high proportion of insufficient intake of vegetables, fruits and milk, as well as aquatic products and eggs; and excessive intake of livestock, poultry, meat and cereals and potatoes.

Determinants of the intention to increase vegetable consumption in Vietnam and Switzerland

Increasing vegetable consumption can result in health benefits. In this context, this study aimed to identify predictors of the intention to increase vegetable consumption. Online surveys were carried out in Switzerland and Vietnam between November and December of 2022. Multiple regression analyses were applied to a sample of 1259 consumers to examine the factors affecting the intention to increase vegetable consumption. The results indicate that, in both countries, the intention to increase vegetable intake was positively influenced by the perceived vulnerability of insufficient vegetable intake and the self-efficacy of eating more vegetables. Furthermore, higher levels of employment among participants strengthened the intention to increase vegetable consumption. Heterogeneity among the studied countries was also observed. While the Swiss participants' intention to eat more vegetables was affected by familial hindering, the intention of the Vietnamese participants towards more vegetable intake was positively related to their interest in animal welfare. The variables response cost of eating more vegetables and biological sex were significant in the Vietnamese sample. We conclude that, for both countries improving consumers’ self-efficacy can result in increased vegetable consumption. Campaigns aiming to generate knowledge and improve cooking skills were suggested. The findings contribute to the current literature on sustainable and healthy food consumption.

Allyl isothiocyanate mitigates airway inflammation and constriction in a house dust mite-induced allergic asthma model via upregulation of tight junction proteins and the TRPA1 modulation

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that has been associated with insufficient vegetable intake. Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural isothiocyanate found in cruciferous plants with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities. Our study aimed to investigate the potential effect of AITC on tracheal constriction in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma animal model, and explore the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the effects of AITC on HDM-induced allergic asthma model, established by intranasally administering extracts of HDM and AITC or DEX was given orally for four weeks. Flexivent SCIREQ, H&E staining, ELISA were employed to evaluate the lung function and the cytokine secretion. Possible mechanisms were determined by Western blot. Rat tracheae contraction was measured by Labscribe. We utilized lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to assess the adhesion response to the combination of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-4. The results of the study showed that AITC significantly reduced tracheal constriction in ex vivo experiments and improved lung function in in vivo experiments compared to HDM-induced mice. Additionally, AITC decreased cytokine secretion, inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung, and constriction-related proteins expression in both lung and tracheae. Moreover, AITC increased tight junction-related protein expression in lung tissues. In vitro experiments showed that AITC had a protective effect through TRPA1 channel without affecting cell viability. Our results demonstrate that AITC has potential anti-asthma effects in HDM-induced asthma models by alleviating airway inflammation and airway constriction through increasing tight junction-related protein expression and suppressing Ca2+ signaling. These findings suggest that AITC may be a beneficial adjuvant therapy in asthma treatment.

Food literacy and its relationship with food intake: a comparison between adults and older adults using 2021 Seoul Food Survey data.

This study was conducted to examine the differences in food literacy between adults and older adults and the association of food literacy with food group intake. In total, 4,039 participants from the 2021 Survey for Food Consumption in Seoul were included in this study. The intake of whole grains, high-protein foods, total vegetables, vegetables excluding kimchi and pickles, fresh fruits, and milk and dairy products was assessed using a simple food frequency questionnaire. Food literacy was measured using a food literacy measurement questionnaire. With the exception of milk and dairy, adults had a significantly higher proportion of insufficient food intake than older adults (p<0.001). Both adults and older adults with sufficient food group consumption had higher food literacy scores. Notably, the difference in food literacy scores by level of food intake was highest for fresh fruits (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors affecting food literacy scores, a higher score was associated with a lower probability of having insufficient food intake in all food groups for both adults and older adults. Specifically, those in the highest food literacy score quartile were less likely to have insufficient intake of vegetables (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.43) and fresh fruits (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.43), compared to the lowest quartile. Improving food literacy is an important factor for promoting healthy food intake in older adults as well as adults. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to work toward this goal.

Evaluate the dietary quality of pregnant women using the adjusted diet balance index for pregnancy

To update the Chinese diet balance index for pregnancy(DBI＿P), evaluate the dietary quality of pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy and analyze the influencing factors. The DBI＿P was adjusted according to the recommended intake of various foods for pregnant women at different stages in the newly released Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2022) and and the balanced dietary pagoda for pregnant women. A total of 521 pregnant women in Taicang were investigated by questionnaire and 3-day food records method. Their basic information and food intake in the first, second and third trimester were collected. Low bound score(LBS), high bound score(HBS), diet quality distance(DQD) of DBI＿P were used to evaluate the dietary quality of each stage of pregnancy and multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the influencing factors of dietary quality. There was insufficient intake of cereals, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, soy nuts, aquatic products and food categories at all stages of pregnancy. The intake of eggs was sufficient at each stage of pregnancy. The intake of meat and poultry was excessive at all stages of pregnancy. The proportion of pregnant women with insufficient vegetable intake in the first, second and third trimester all exceeded 70%. The proportion with insufficient daily food categories in each term was more than 90%. The proportion with excessive intake of meat and poultry increased from 74.5% in the first trimester to 84.1% in the third trimester. The mean of LBS in each stage of pregnancy were 16.0, 15.5 and 15.1, and the proportion with moderate to severe insufficient intake were 14.2%, 12.2% and 9.2%, respectively. The mean of HBS in each stage of pregnancy were 4.3, 4.8 and 4.9, and the proportion with moderate to severe excessive intake were 4.3%, 5.4% and 4.5%, respectively. The mean of DQD in each stage of pregnancy were 20.3, 20.3 and 20.0, and the proportion with moderate to severe imbalanced intake were 26.9%, 26.1% and 21.7%, respectively. The proportion of pregnant women with low imbalanced intake or balanced diet during the whole pregnancy was 51.1%. Compared with pregnant women under 25 years of age, pregnant women ≥25 years of age had a lower degree of insufficient and unbalanced dietary intake(β=-0.99, 95%CI-1.94--0.03). With the increase of education level, the degree of insufficient and unbalanced dietary intake of pregnant women showed a downward trend, while the degree of excessive intake increased only in college graduates(β=0.66, 95%CI 0.11-1.22). Compared with pregnant women living in rural areas, pregnant women living in urban areas had a lower degree of excessive dietary intake(β=-0.59, 95%CI-0.97--0.21). The dietary structure of pregnant women in Taicang is imbalanced, and the dietary quality is affected by sociodemographic characteristics.

Knowledge of hypertension and impacts of dietary habits of hypertensive patients on blood pressure control in cardiology departments in the Kara region

Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health problem because of its prevalence and mortality, to which unhealthy diet contributes 30%. The objective of this study was to determine the associated risk factors and to evaluate their knowledge and the impact of dietary habits of hypertensive patients on the control of the pathology. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical study which took place from June to August 2021 and which concerned hypertensive patients followed for at least one year in the cardiology departments of the CHU and CHR Kara. Results: The study included 186 hypertensive patients with a mean age of 55.59 years The age group of [50 - 59 years] was the most represented with 30.11% of the cases. The male/female sex ratio was 0.92. The main associated risk factors were physical inactivity (67%), pathological waist circumference (65%) and overweight (53%). The BP control rate was 41.94%. An average level of knowledge was noted in the patients. Excessive salt consumption (90%) was the risk factor most known by patients. Insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits (26%) was the least known. Only 21% of patients adopted healthy dietary habits. The adoption of healthy dietary habits was significantly associated with a high rate of BP control (72%, p&lt;0.001). Daily consumption of vegetables (20%) and fruit (5%) was considered low. However, this consumption was associated with a high rate of BP control; 58% (p=0.014) and 67% (p=0.073) respectively. In 52% of regular garlic consumers, 60% had controlled BP compared to 22% of nonconsumers of this spice (p&lt;0.001). Knowledge of the effect of foods on BP was not accompanied by healthy consumption of these foods. Conclusion: This study confirmed the need to adopt healthy dietary habits and/or a healthy lifestyle to control hypertension. Substantial consumption of vegetables and fruits and garlic is highly recommended while alcohol, salt, and fast foods should be consumed in moderation. The adoption of these dietary habits by the general population will contribute to the decrease in the prevalence of hypertension in Togo.

Maternal diet quality during pregnancy and its influence on low birth weight and small for gestational age: a birth cohort in Beijing, China.

This study aimed to describe diet quality of pregnant women and explore the association between maternal diet and the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). A total of 3856 participants from a birth cohort in Beijing, China, were recruited between June 2018 and February 2019. Maternal diet in the first and second trimesters was assessed by the Chinese diet balance index for pregnancy (DBI-P), using data collected by the inconsecutive 2-d 24-h dietary recalls. Logistic regressions were performed to explore the independent effects of DBI-P components on LBW and SGA. The prevalence of LBW and SGA was 3·8% and 6·0%, respectively. Dietary intakes of the participants were imbalanced. The proportions of participants having insufficient intake of vegetables (87·3% and 86·6%), dairy product (95·9% and 96·7%) and aquatic foods (80·5% and 85·3%) were high in both trimesters. The insufficiency of fruit intake was more severe in the second (85·2%) than that in the first trimester (22·5%) (P < 0·05). After adjusting for potential confounders, the intake of fruits and dairy in the second trimester was negatively associated with the risk of LBW (OR = 0·850, 95% CI: 0·723, 0·999) and SGA (OR = 0·885, 95% CI: 0·787, 0.996), respectively. Sufficient consumption of fruits and dairy products in pregnancy may be suggested in order to prevent LBW and SGA.

Distribution and risk factors of self-reported cancer cases in adults in China, 2015

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of self-reported cancer in adults in China in 2015. Methods: The data used in this study were from China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2015. The frequency and proportion of the classified variables were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the disordered classified variables were compared by χ2 test, and the possible risk factors of cancer patients were screened by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: In 2015, there were 1 809 self-reported tumors patients in China, including 689 males (0.63%), 1 120 females (1.03%), 769 (0.71%) in the eastern region, 465 (0.43%) in the central region and 575 (0.53%) in the western region. The patients were mainly distributed in people aged 45- and 55- years old, being overweight or obese, living in eastern urban area, having low education level, being married, having low annual household income and being occupational population. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that compared with the western region, the prevalence rate of cancer was higher in the eastern region (OR=1.05, 95%CI: 1.04-1.06), while lower in the central region (OR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.93-0.95); the risk for cancer in people with family history of malignancy was higher than that in people without family history of malignancy (OR=1.95, 95%CI:1.94-1.96) the risk for cancer in people with an annual household income of less than 10 000 yuan or between 10 000 and 50 000 yuan was higher than that in people with an annual household income of more than 50 000 yuan (<10 000 yuan: OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.58-1.60; between 10 000 and 50 000 yuan: OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.26-1.28); and the risk for cancer in people living urban areas was lower than that in people living in rural areas (OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.97-0.99). In terms of personal behavior and diet, the risk for cancer in smokers was 1.25 times higher than that in non-smokers (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.24-1.26), and the risk for cancer in alcoholics was 1.16 times higher than that in non-alcoholics (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.15-1.17), the risk for cancer in people with insufficient vegetable and fruit intakes was 1.29 times and 1.03 times higher than those in people with sufficient intakes of vegetables and fruits, respectively (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.28-1.30;OR=1.03,95%CI: 1.02-1.04). People with low frequency of high-intensity exercise had a higher risk for cancer compared with those with high frequency of high-intensity exercise (OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.31-1.33), the risk for cancer was higher in people with low frequency of moderate exercise than in people with high frequency of moderate exercise (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.07-1.09). The risk for cancer in people with sedentary time less than 2 hours was higher than that in those with sedentary time more than 2 hours (OR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.68-1.70), and the risk for cancer in people who ate moderate amount of red meat was lower than that in people who ate excessive amount of red meat (OR=0.86, 95%CI: 0.85-0.87). Conclusions: The number of female self-reported cancer was more than that in males, and the number of self-reported cancer in the eastern region was higher than that in the central and western regions. Living in eastern region, with family history of malignancy, having low annual household income, smoking, drinking, insufficient vegetable intake, insufficient fruit intake and low frequency of high-intensity exercise and low frequency of moderate intensity exercise were the main risk factors for cancer, while living in central region, living in urban area and low red meat intake were protective factors.

PaLS Study: How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Influenced Physical Activity and Nutrition? Observations a Year after the Outbreak of the Pandemic

The restrictions implemented to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have impacted the majority of life domains. To evaluate their potential consequences on physical activity (PA) and dietary habits among Polish undergraduates, a survey consisting of the IPAQ-SF, authors’ questions based on the Polish National Institute of Public Health recommendations, and authors’ questions scaled −5/0/5 on personal opinion was created and administered between 22 February and 3 April 2021. A total of 1323 students met the study conditions (1021 females, 297 males, 5 did not specify gender, mean age: 22 years old (SD = 4), mean BMI = 22.27 kg/m2 (SD = 3.87)). A total of 27.21% of students were in the low, 48.53% in the moderate, and 24.26% in the high PA group. A total of 71.94% estimated that the pandemic had a negative impact on their PA, 8.16% no impact, and 19.9% a positive impact. A total of 35.5% had an insufficient intake of vegetables, 34.3% declared adding salt to meals, and 31.6% ate animal-based products the majority of days in a week or every day. A total of 51.02% assessed the impact of the pandemic on their nutrition as negative, 20.11% did not notice changes, and 28.87% reported a positive impact on their dietary habits. Most of the students saw harmful pandemic effects on their diet and PA compared to the times before restrictions. This can lead to a higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the future.

Maternal Dietary Quality During Pregnancy and Its Association With Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age: A Birth Cohort in China

ObjectivesMaternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a vital role in fetal growth and development. Dietary index eliminates the need for complex nutrient calculations and assess dietary quality as a whole. The present study was conducted to evaluate maternal dietary quality using specific dietary index for Chinese pregnant women, and to explore the association between maternal diet and the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). MethodsA birth cohort was conducted in Beijing, China (n = 3871) between June 2018 and February 2019. Maternal diet in the 1st and 2nd trimesters was assessed by inconsecutive 2-day 24-hour dietary recalls. The Chinese Diet Balance Index for Pregnancy (DBI-P) was used to assess participants’ dietary quality. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to explore the independent effects of DBI components on LBW and SGA. ResultsThe prevalence of LBW and SGA was 3.8% and 6.0%, respectively in the present study. There existed an unbalanced diet, especially high insufficient intake of vegetables (87.3% and 86.6%), dairy (95.9% and 96.6%), and aquatic foods (80.5% and 85.4%) in both the 1st and 2nd trimesters. Adequate fruits consumption was higher in the 1st trimester (76.7%) than that in the 2nd trimester (15.5%). The intake of cereals was negatively associated with the risk of LBW (OR = 0.944, 95% CI: 0.893–0.997), and the intake of dairy and dairy products was negatively associated with the risk of SGA (OR = 0.874, 95% CI: 0.773–0.987) in the 2nd trimester, after adjusting for potential confounders. ConclusionsDiet quality of Chinese pregnant women in Beijing was unbalanced, in particular high insufficiency in dairy products and vegetables. Pregnant women should pay attention to the adequate intakes of cereals and dairy products in mid-pregnancy, in order to prevent the occurrence of LBW and SGA. Funding SourcesThis study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Peking University Research Initiation Fund.

Status of fresh vegetables and fruit consumption among Chinese aged 60 years old and above in 2015

To analysis the fresh vegetables and fresh fruit consumption among the elders aged 60 and above of China in 2015. The consumption of fresh vegetables and fresh fruits in the past 12 months was calculated by using the food frequency questionnaire data of 58 335 elderly people aged 60 and above from "China National Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance of Adults(2015)", and the intake status was evaluated according to the recommended intake of Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016). The consumption rate of fresh vegetables among the elderly in China was 98. 7%, the median intake of the whole population was 270. 0 g, the median intake of the consumer population was 300. 0 g, and the proportion of under-intake was 49. 6%. The fresh fruit consumption rate was 84. 2%, the median intake of the whole population was 30. 0 g, and the median intake of the consumer population was 50. 0 g. The proportion of insufficient intake of fresh fruits reached 85. 2%. The frequency of intake of fresh vegetables was mainly 2 times/day, accounting for 45. 9%; fresh vegetables intake 1-3 times/week and ≥2 times/day were 38. 7% and 35. 6%, respectively. The consumption rate and intake of fresh vegetables and fruits were both higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and decrease significantly with increasing age, lower educational background and lower income. In addition, the consumption rate and intake were lower in elderly living alone. China& apos; s elderly people aged 60 and above have insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits. Health education and dietary guidance should be carried out, and intervention measures should be taken for key populations to effectively promote a reasonable diet for the elderly.

The prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among high-school adolescents in Iran: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPhysical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases in all stages of life. However, there is a lack of reliable data regarding the recommended level of physical activity and its correlates related to physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among school students in Iran. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among Iranian high school adolescents.MethodsThe Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used for data collection. Related data comprising socio-demographics, health risk behaviour and protective factors were obtained from 1517 high school students. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between relevant independent variables (e.g. gender) and the dependent outcome variable (physical inactivity/sedentary behaviour).ResultsThe prevalence of recommended physical activity by WHO was 27.8%, physical inactivity 72.2% and sedentary behaviour 71.4%. Being female, being overweight or obese, walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, sitting 3 or more hours/day (sedentary behaviour), insufficient vegetable intake, being bullied and lack of parental support, peer support and parental connectivity (protective factors) were positively associated with physical inactivity. On the other hand, walking/cycling to or from school on 5–7 days and inadequate fruit intake were negatively associated with physical inactivity. Walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, being physically inactive, inadequate fruit intake and being bullied were positively associated with sedentary behaviour.ConclusionThe prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour was high in our studied sample. Interventions that address the issue of active school transport, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, family and peer support and bullying should be given more priority by the public health authorities.

Prevalence of Masked Obesity Associated with Lifestyle-Related Habits, Dietary Habits, and Energy Metabolism in Japanese Young Women

We investigated the prevalence of Masked Obesity (MO) and the correlations between MO and lifestylerelated habits (e.g., exercise habits, dieting habits), dietary habits, energy metabolism, and seasons. The subjects were 131 young Japanese college students. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance method and Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) was measured by an indirect calorimeter. Subjects with a BMI in the normal range (n=110) were divided into the MO (percentage of body fat to Body Weight [BF]≥30%) and control (C) (BF<30%) groups. Dietary energy and nutrient intakes were calculated from weighed dietary records. A questionnaire on lifestyle habits was obtained individually from the subjects. The percentage of MO was 32% of subjects within normal BMI. The prevalence of MO was the highest in winter, probably due to accumulation of body fat as an adaptation to cold. The MO group had low Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and high BF. RMR of the MO group was significantly lower than that of the C group. The MO group tended to have poor exercise habits, more dieting (restricting calorie intake) experiences and consumed a diet with less vegetables and beans. We concluded that the prevalence of MO was 32%; it was the highest in winter for subjects who had high fat and low FFM. This fact may be due to poor exercise, more dieting experiences and insufficient intake of vegetables and beans. Furthermore, this accumulation of body fat may be partly due to low RMR.

P29 Association of a Healthy Dietary Habit with Dietary Practices for Lifestyle Disease Prevention and with Health Awareness

<h3>Background</h3> In Japan, a well-balanced diet consisting of cereal grains (shushoku), protein foods (shusai), and vegetables (fukusai) is recommended. However, a large proportion of people aged 20 to 49 years skip breakfast and have insufficient vegetable intake. <h3>Objective</h3> To comprehensively identify the factors associated with a healthy dietary habit. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> The subjects were 723 respondents (331 males, 392 females) of the 2016 Hyogo Diet Survey, aged 20 to 49 years. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> A healthy dietary habit was defined as eating breakfast regularly, eating 5 or more vegetable dishes daily, and having a well-balanced meal at least twice daily. Factors associated with a healthy diet were defined as regular dietary practices for lifestyle disease prevention (controlling energy intake, controlling fat intake, restricting salt intake, controlling sugar intake, eating large amounts of vegetables, and eating fruit), health awareness (regular exercise, healthy weight maintenance, use of nutrition facts labels), and the habit of eating out infrequently. These variables were used to develop a hypothetical model for covariance structure analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The hypothetical model had acceptable goodness of fit (male: GFI = 0.962, AGFI = 0.936, CFI = 0.969, RMSEA = 0.033; female: GFI = 0.959, AGFI = 0.929, CFI = 0.962, RMSEA = 0.04). Dietary practices for lifestyle disease prevention was associated not directly, but indirectly via health awareness, with a healthy dietary habit, with standardized total effects of 0.421 in males and 0.438 in females. In males, a significant negative path from relatively high frequency of eating out to a healthy dietary habit was observed, with a standardized estimate of –0.16. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Acquisition of a healthy dietary habit by using dietary practices for lifestyle disease prevention is mediated by health awareness and may be negatively influenced in males by a high frequency of eating out.

Associations Between Leisure-Time Sedentary Behaviors with Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objectives Evidence that sedentary behaviors were correlated with unhealthy diet and physical activity were mostly among children and adolescents, but still limited for adults. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between screen-based leisure-time sedentary behaviors (LTSB) including television time and computer time with unhealthy dietary behaviors, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among Chinese adults. Methods Participants (n = 10,108, aged 18–59 years) from a recent cross-sectional study of CHNS (China Health and Nutrition Survey) conducted in 2015 were analyzed. Time spent in LTSB and LTPA were collected from questionnaire. Unhealthy dietary behaviors were collected from three consecutive 24-hour food recalls and the food frequency method. Multivariable logistic regression models were produced to study the odds ratios for unhealthy dietary behaviors and LTPA as the function of the quintile of LTSB. Results Versus the lowest quartile, the OR(95%CI) of the highest quintile of computer time for insufficient vegetable intake (&amp;lt; 300 g/d) was 1.4(1.0,2.0) for male and 1.5(1.1,2.2) for female; the OR(95%CI) for excessive snack intake (≥1 time/day) was 1.6(1.0,2.3) for male and 1.7(1.3,2.4) for female; the OR(95%CI) for excessive western fast food intake (≥1 time/week) was 2.4(1.2,4.4) for male and 2.7(1.4,4.9) for female. The OR(95%CI) of the highest quintile of television time for no LTPA group (0 Mets.h/w) was 1.8(1.3,2.6) for male and 1.5(1.1,2.0) for female; the OR(95%CI) for sufficient LTPA group (≥8 Mets.h/w) was 0.5(0.4,0.8) for male and 0.7(0.5,0.9) for female. The OR(95%CI) of the highest quintile of computer time for no LTPA group (0 Mets.h/w) was 0.4(0.3,0.6) for male and 0.5(0.4,0.7) for female; the OR(95%CI) for sufficient LTPA (≥8 Mets.h/w) group was 2.4(1.7,3.3) for male and was 2.1(1.5,2.9) for female. Conclusions LTSB were associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors and mixed LTPA among Chinese adults. The patterns of “Television time-less LTPA” and “Computer time-unhealthy diet-more LTPA” for Chinese adults were principal associations. Our findings suggest the need for different behavior preventive intervention on different types of screen-based LTSB among Chinese adults. Funding Sources The survey received funding from NIH and from Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China.

IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION PATIENTS WITH PARTICIPATION OF A NURSE

Arterial hypertension (AH) is the most frequent among cardiovascular diseases (CVD).About 31% of people suffer from it. The data of epidemiological studies indicate thatoccurrence of the disease is considerably caused by the level of modified and nonmodified risk factors (RF).Under conditions of reforms in the health care system of Ukraine implementation ofqualitatively new measures concerning AH prevention and activity to form a healthy lifestyle have become rather important. Management of a complicated behavior and life styleof AH patients requires experience and mutual efforts of various medical professionals.Professional competence of nurses enables to involve them in realization of up-to-datetechnologies in order to prevent diseases and strengthen health.Timely detection of RFs, elimination of their action, organization of patients’ education isone of the important tasks of nurses.Purpose of the study. To investigate the effect of modified risk factors on the developmentof arterial hypertension and determine the role of a nurse in the management of thedisease on the level of primary health care.Material and methods. 120 AH patients were involved into the study by means of a surveyincluding 43,3% of men and 56,7% of women aged from 23 to 79 (48,33±12,93). Theirarterial pressure was measured and risk factors were found. The results obtained wereprocessed by means of the common statistical methods using the packages of computersoftware STATISTICA V.6.0. The results of the study are presented in the number ofobservations, percentage, and accurate p value.Discussion. The period of arterial hypertension varied widely, though the majorityof patients (82%) suffered from it more than 10 years. The main part of patients – 73(60,83%) were afflicted with I degree of AH, 29 patients (24,17%) had II degree and 18individuals (15%) – III degree. The overweight patients and those with I – II degree ofobesity prevailed (81,67%). For example, 60 patients (50%) had android (abdominal)type of the adipose tissue distribution, which is indicative of metabolic disorders in thebody. All the patients were diagnosed to have moderate and high levels of psychosocialstress, which might be associated with an intensive and stressful life style. The majority ofpatients were characterized by a low (62,5%) and moderate (34,12%) levels of physicalactivity; and only 3,33% of them had sufficient level of physical activity. The surveyfound that 42 (35%) individuals smoked having a mixed type of smoking habits, moderate(40%) and mild (31%) degree of nicotine abuse. The majority of patients mentionedexcessive intake of salt, fats and cholesterol, disturbed dietary habits, insufficient intakeof vegetables and fruit.Conclusions. The amount of modified risk factors promoting development ofcardiovascular diseases increases in AH patients with age. Detection of RFs, educationof patients concerning their elimination is an integral part of nurse’s everyday work. Itwill promote improvement of life quality, prevention, optimization of a comprehensivetreatment and stabilization of arterial hypertension.

The potential of mobile health clinics in chronic disease prevention and health promotion in universal healthcare systems. An on-field experiment

BackgroundMobile health clinics (MHCs) are recognized to facilitate access to healthcare services, especially in disadvantaged populations. Notwithstanding that in Europe a wide-ranging background in mobile screening units for cancer is shared, evidences about MHCs targeting also at other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in universal health coverage systems are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the population attracted with a MHC initiative and to assess the potential of this tool in prevention and control of NCDs.MethodsOur MHC was set up in a railway wagon. Standard body measurements, finger-stick glucose, total cholesterol and blood pressure were recorded. Participants were asked about smoking, physical activity, diet, compliance to national cancer screening programmes and ongoing pharmacological treatment. One-to-one counselling was then provided.ResultsParticipants (n = 839) showed a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, insufficient intake of vegetables, sedentary lifestyle, and a lower compliance to cancer screening compared with reference population. Our initiative attracted groups at higher risk, such as foreigners, men and people aged from 50 to 69. The proportion of newly diagnosed or uncontrolled disease exceeded 40% of participants for both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia (7% for diabetes). Adherence rate to counselling was 99.4%.ConclusionsThe MHC was effective in attracting hard-to-reach groups and individuals who may have otherwise gone undiagnosed. MHCs can play a complementary role also in universal coverage health systems, raising self-awareness of unreached population and making access to primary health care easier.

P43 Association Between Dietary Practices for Lifestyle Disease Prevention and Breakfast Habits

Background Healthy diets are essential for preventing lifestyle diseases. However, inadequate diet such as high fat-energy ratios and insufficient vegetable intake are observed in young adults in Japan. In addition, a large proportion of young adults skip breakfast. We hypothesized that these inadequate dietary factors are mutually related and that improvement in one effectively leads to improvement in the other. Objective To examine the association between dietary practices for lifestyle disease prevention and breakfast habits. Study Design, Settings, and Participants Hyogo diet survey 2016 is a cross-sectional survey of the stratified random sample of 32 areas (4,747 household members) in Hyogo Prefecture. Subjects included 791 adults (male, 368; female, 423) aged 20-49 years who completed the self-administered questionnaire of the survey. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The questionnaire included questions on breakfast frequency and dietary habits. Skipping breakfast was defined as a breakfast frequency of three days or less per week. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the variables of subjects’ dietary practices for lifestyle disease prevention (six items) as independent variables and whether or not subjects ate breakfast as dependent variable. The models were adjusted for sex. Results Logistic regression analysis showed significantly higher odds for skipping breakfast in subjects who did not practice the following dietary habits than those who did: “eat a lot of vegetables” (odds ratio: 1.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-2.49), “eat fruits” (1.65, 1.07-2.56), “restrict salt intake” (1.59, 1.07-2.37), and “control sugar intake” (1.51, 1.04-2.20). Conclusion Four of the six dietary practices for lifestyle disease prevention showed an association with skipping breakfast. The results suggest that improving diet for preventing lifestyle diseases may lead to eating breakfast.

Mothers' Vegetable Consumption Behaviors and Preferences as Factors Limiting the Possibility of Increasing Vegetable Consumption in Children in a National Sample of Polish and Romanian Respondents.

Increasing the insufficient intake of vegetables in children may be difficult, due to the influence of parents and at-home accessibility. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between self-reported vegetable consumption behaviors and preferences of mothers and the behaviors and preferences of their children, as declared by them. The nationally representative Polish (n = 1200) and Romanian (n = 1157) samples of mothers of children aged 3–10 were obtained using the random quota sampling method, and interviewed for their and their children’s general frequency of consumption and preferences of vegetables in years 2012–2014. A 24 h dietary recall of vegetable consumption was conducted for mothers and their children. Associations were observed for general number of servings consumed per day by mother–child pairs (p < 0.0001; R = 0.6522, R = 0.6573 for Polish and Romanian samples, respectively) and number of types indicated as preferred (p < 0.0001; R = 0.5418, R = 0.5433). The share of children consuming specific vegetables was 33.1–75.3% and 42.6–75.7% while their mothers also consumed, but 0.1–43.2% and 1.2–22.9% while their mothers did not. The share of children preferring specific vegetables was 16.7–74.1% and 15.2–100% when their mother shared the preference, but 1.3–46.9% and 0–38.3% when their mother did not. The mothers’ vegetable consumption behaviors and preferences may be a factor limiting the possibility of increasing vegetable consumption in their children.